The impetus for organisational change: An exploration

Abstract

This paper examines the factors that cause universities to undertake academic change, specifically, changes to achieve more effective teaching and learning. Based on an analysis of 30 reform‐oriented US colleges and universities, it suggests that universities respond to diverse environmental pressures, not solely to external mandates. There is evidence, too, that internal forces within universities can be an impetus for change.     

转型期地方大学的战略变革管理——以广东外语外贸大学为例

地方大学转型期的显著特点是经费紧张却急剧扩张。文章认为战略变革管理是地方大学实现跨越式发展必须重视的一个重要方面,强调地方大学战略变革管理的重要性;认为地方大学应强调战略思维、注重战略管理、灵活制定适应战略变化的战略规划、强调战略变革管理的有效执行。通过研究广东外语外贸大学的战略变革管理,发现该大学战略变革中既有优势也有薄弱环节,既有难得的机遇也面临严峻的挑战;总体上,该大学的战略变革管理是卓有成效的。建议战略变革管理中应注重学校文化的革新从而确保大学的可持续发展。     

Sustainability Education and Australian Universities

Since the early 1990s, there has been discussion about the need for the curriculum of universities to provide students with understanding about the environment. Over the decade this discussion has evolved from thinking about how to green the university curriculum, through to proposals for our students to be environmentally literate and to receive education for sustainability (or sustainability education). Internationally, there have been many instances of universities taking this discussion seriously and introducing curriculum change. A variety of declarations and action plans have enabled universities to share ideas and support this change. Given a dearth of information about the degree to which universities in Australia were part of this discussion and change, we sought to gain an understanding of the status of sustainability education in these institutions. Responses from approximately a quarter of these institutions indicated that a handful of universities are engaged in this education for a wide range of their students, and in some universities more students of particular disciplines are gaining the exposure. However, there are clear barriers to the introduction and expansion of sustainability education.     

Universities and the Development of Social Capital in Bulgaria: New Strategies for Change

This article offers some thoughts on the idea that universities can and should contribute to the development of social capital in countries undergoing profound social change, like Bulgaria. It discusses the role of universities in the transformation and development of civil society through an examination of institutional capacities for innovation and change. An analysis of the new responsibilities assumed through the social mission of universities reveals obstacles to the implementation of their strategies for the development of human capital. A consideration of the policy context identifies two different policy approaches to higher education that give rise to contrasting strategies for change. These are further explored in terms of institutional employment‐related strategies and policies for the transmission of cultural values.     

从“协同合伙”走向“共同发展”——地方大学与中小学共同发展研究

大学与中小学合作是教师教育改革的一项重要任务,是转变以大学为本的教师培养方式和以中小学岗位为本的教师培训方式,提高教师培养质量,促进中小学教师持续发展,实现大学与中小学共同发展的必由之路。目前,地方大学与中小学虽然建立了一些合作关系,但大多数的合作还处在"协同合伙"的低层面上,合作对于大学教师教育和中小学的发展并没有发挥出实质的推动作用。地方大学与中小学要从"协同合伙"走向"共同发展",必须从以下几方面努力:达成思想共识,健全组织机构,拓展合作领域,建设共同的组织文化和加大地方大学与中小学共同发展的经费支持力度。     

对高校更名现象的思考

曾几何时,高校更名成为一种时髦,这种现象至今未曾改变。一些高校为了更名而更名,无视大学的内涵建设,造成大学的品牌流失等。高校更名实质上不单纯是一个教育问题,而是整个社会系统的发展导致的。本文从社会学、经济学的视角、心理学的视角去分析高校更名,认为高校更名应回归理性,实现科学更名,规范更名的程序。通过更名,实现大学的内涵式发展,注重大学品牌建设并守护好大学的传统,进而实现高校更名的和谐、科学发展。     

Quality assessment of undergraduate education in China: impact on different universities

This research analyzes the scheme proposed to assess the quality of higher education institutions in China, namely, the Quality Assessment of Undergraduate Education (QAUE) scheme. This article aims to determine the impact of the QAUE on universities and explore the reasons that intended effects have or have not been generated in the evaluated universities by conducting case studies of three Chinese universities with different statuses. The empirical studies show the effects on the various dimensions of quality provisions at different universities were not the same. It was found that the impact of the QAUE was not a linear consequence of policy implementation, but the result of an interaction between the external quality assessment scheme and the evaluated universities. Quality assessment is regarded to be an external force to cause universities to change. This empirical study of the QAUE shows that changes will only take place when the external force is integrated with the evaluated universities’ internal motivation and capacity.     

观念和制度创新:大学的核心竞争力与师范院校的转型

全球化时代,面对国内外人才资源的激烈竞争,中国大学必须提高核心竞争力,在尊重传统的同时,把握变革的机遇,而观念创新是先导,制度创新是保障。以百年师大为例,论述师范院校的转型,并非丢弃教师教育的定位和其特色和优势,而是要重整资源,通过学科结构、专业设置、人才培养模式三者的综合性,更新办学理念,加强办学目标的综合,提高办学水平和层次。     

经济衰退下的美国高校信息化经费管理的分析与启示

资金投入是高校信息化可持续发展的重要保障,文章调研了美国部分高校在经济衰退的大环境下对IT资金管理的应对。总结了这些高校IT投入的变化、IT的成本控制的总体思路、具体措施以及由于变革带来的机遇等,总结了我国高校信息管理者可以借鉴的几个特点。     

从行政组织到经济组织

高校后勤社会化改革是我国高等教育领域的一项重大改革，高校后勤组织不仅是高校后勤社会化改革的基本力量，也是新型高校后勤保障体系的重要组成部分。高校后勤组织由行政组织向经济组织转变，构成了高校后勤组织在社会改革中的核心内容，这既是高校后勤社会化改革对高校后勤组织的本质要求，又是高校后勤组织在社会化改革中的具体表现。     

Financial Planning‐Chemistry as a Special Case

Although many women now hold qualifications that in the past guaranteed an academic appointment, few jobs are available in universities. In an unrestrained labour market, the sex ratio of academics in Australian universities is unlikely to change much over the next 10 to 15 years. The likely impact of affirmative action policies and practices is discussed.     

高校教育教学管理如何适应大学生就业

一、高校教育、教学、管理的现状分析为适应人才市场需求,促进大学生职业适应能力水平的提高,我们专门组织了关于高校教育教学管理如何适应大学生就业市场需求的调查,以便深入了解在校大学生的有关心理感受和改革建议。调查于2005年6月在天津市的五所高校中进行,调查对象为大学     

知识分子的时代境遇与现代大学的自我救赎

人们普遍认为,这是一个专家主导而知识分子逐渐被边缘化的时代,大学学术生活的职业化、专业化和制度化又被认为配合和参与了这一过程。回溯西方大学的整个发展历程,历史中每一次大学制度的重大变迁几乎都与知识分子的活动休戚相关。因此,当代知识分子的命运,在某种意义上也折射出现代大学制度的困境与尴尬。因此,由大学来自觉重塑知识分子传统,可能也是大学的自我拯救之路。     

英国高等教育治理范式的转移——国家与大学关系的变革

在英国高等教育从精英型向大众化高等教育转变过程中,其治理范式发生了深刻的变革。英国大学从自我治理向公共治理范式转移,英国大学与国家的关系发生了根本性的变化。英国大学的自治只是虚构的神话,过去和现在英国大学一直都受到国家的限制。英国大学与国家关系的变化是权力关系发生了根本性变化导致的结果。我们应将这种改变视为积极而非负面的现象,英国高等教育的实践为我们深刻理解大学与国家的关系提供了一种范式。     

地方高敕与社区教胄互动发展硇路径搽索

地方高校与社区教育互动发展的实现不仅取决于主体的积极性,更有赖于科学的互动机制的建构。文章从地方高校与社区教育互动发展的意义人手,深入阐释制约地方高校与社区教育互动发展的障碍性因素,提出了转变思想观念、整合各种资源、创新互动机制的路径选择。     

Equipping Leaders to Capitalise on the Outcomes of Quality Assessment in Higher Education

Has the quality movement in universities become so sophisticated that it has outpaced the capacity of academic leaders to respond? The authors of this paper argue that this has been their experience within the context of New Zealand universities. In response, the University of Otago has developed an innovative programme to provide academic and administrative leaders with an opportunity to enhance those skills and attributes needed to meet the challenges of change arising from audit and other reforms.     

The dilemma of change in Indian higher education

India has been trying to reform its higher education system for more than a half-century but the results in terms of systemic change have been minimal. The universities have expanded dramatically to meet the demands of an increasingly powerful middle class although resources have not been adequate to ensure the maintenance of standards. In India's bureaucratic environment, political will to change the universities has been inadequate. For these and other reasons, the mainstream of Indian higher education, now including 7,000 colleges and 150 universities serving more than 4 million students, suffers from deteriorating standards, occasional unrest and inadequate resources. However, at the margins of this seemingly unmovable system have been a variety of significant changes and reforms. The Indian Institutes of Technology, for example, provide high quality post-secondary education. Even within the traditional universities and colleges, some interesting reforms in curriculum have been successful in limited areas. This analysis points to the factors inhibiting reform and change as well as some examples of limited successes.     

The Complexity of Change in Universities

This paper relates to the implementation process of the Universitaetsorganisationsgesetz 1993 (University Organisation Act of 1993) at an Austrian university. In accordance with the idea of a managed university, the Austrian government aimed this law at transferring a greater scope of responsibility for strategic decisions and management issues from the ministry to the universities. The empirical basis is derived from a 2‐year, in‐depth field study showing that the transformation to a ‘simple’ management orientation is in itself complex. We suggest therefore a frame of reference that is based on an understanding of universities as complex and self‐referential organisations. This view explains changes in universities as nontrivial transformation and conceptualises the management of change in universities as a paradoxical intervention.     

比较优势与中国民办大学的发展

民办大学在学校自治方面占有比较优势。比较优势的动态性和内生性特点要求民办大学必须确实把握住自己的比较优势,化比较优势为竞争优势,并能创造出更多的比较优势。在比较优势原则的指导下,我国民办大学应建立更加科学而规范的内部管理体制;应准确定位,重点发展高等职业教育,大胆创新,办出特色;应提高服务质量,给高等教育市场提供多样化的选择;应适度扩大学校办学规模,营造民办大学规模优势。     

比较优势与中国民办大学的发展

民办大学在学校自治方面占有比较优势。比较优势的动态性和内生性特点要求民办大学必须确实把握住自己的比较优势,化比较优势为竞争优势,并能创造出更多的比较优势。在比较优势原则的指导下,我国民办大学应建立更加科学而规范的内部管理体制;应准确定位,重点发展高等职业教育,大胆创新,办出特色;应提高服务质量,给高等教育市场提供多样化的选择;应适度扩大学校办学规模,营造民办大学规模优势。