A Contrast Study of structuralism and readerresponse criticism

In literary criticism,both structuralism and reader-response criticism enjoy their positions.They share similarities in some ways,but obviously they are two different ways of literary criticism,with structuralism focusing on text and reader-response criticism focusing on readers.This essay attempts to contrast structuralism with reader-response criticism in their assumption on text ’s meaning and the reader’s role in the process of reading a text.     

It is Not Easy To Make A Choice In Our Life ——An Interpretation of the Poem The Road Not Taken By Robert Frost

Reader-Response Criticism is one of the schools of western literary criticism.The scholars of the school hold the view that literature is a performative art and each reading is a performance,analogous to playing/singing a musical work,enacting a drama,etc.Literature exists only when it is read.They maintain that reading is a transction between the reader and the text,meaning is as dependent upon the reader as it is dependent upon the text.So there is no universal and absolute interpretation of a poem;rather,there can be several probable interpretations.According to their view-point,a literary text possesses no fixed and final meaning and value.Literary meaning and value are “transactional”,“dialogic”,created by the interaction of the reader and the text.In this paper,the writer,with his interpretation of the poem The Road Not Taken by famous American poet Robert Frost,tries to demonstrate that Reader-Response Criticism,in a sense,is reasonable in proving that the reality of the text lies between the reader and the text and in the transaction,it is the readers who bring their world of experience to activate the text.     

A Brief Study of Wordsworth’s Romantic Poetry in Light of Ecocriticism

Ecocriticism is a new-born literary criticism that delves into the exposition of the relationship between human beings and other specimen in nature from the literary angle as well as observes and discloses in detail and with sincerity the effect of literature in the human activities and natural environment. The thesis combines the theory of ecocriticism with romanticism to study Wordsworth’s romantic poetry from an ecological perspective as Wordsworth,the great“worshipper of nature”can also be called an ecological critic since many of his poems are focused on ecological themes and he expresses his passion on an ecological basis. Going through the thesis is the most fundamental concept of ecocriticism: ecological holism. Supporting this backbone is analyzes of selected paradigmatic romantic poems by Wordsworth.     

On the Exploration of the Viewpoints of Oscar Wilde in Model Millionaire——With the Approach of Appraisal Theory

Oscar Wilde has always been regarded as a controversial writer.A variety of literary criticism has been made on his works in the pure literary way.In this paper,the writer tends to obtain his viewpoints from analyzing Wilde’s piece of works Model Millionaire with the approach of Appraisal Theory,which is part of Systemic-Functional Grammar.     

Exploration on The Road Not Taken: from the Perspective of the Appraisal Theory

Appraisal theory, a newly developed theory, applies SFL to investigating the interpersonal meaning of language. It has been employed to analyze various kinds of text such as news, novel and advertisement. Robert Frost’s unique writing style and his famous poem The Road Not Taken have been analyzed from many aspects. This paper aims at demonstrating the profound intention of literary works from the perspective of appraisal theory. Meanwhile, the system of appraisal theory can be enhanced and developed through the analysis of literary works.     

The Innocent in the Strange World——The Application of Reader Theoryin the Interpretation of Daisy Miller

Henry James' s first novella Daisy Miller brought him popularity and literary reputation after its publication. Through the application of reader theory and a close reading of the text, this article analyzes Daisy's strong personality and her misfortunes during her trip to Europe, and reveals how the novella highlights the conflict between American frankness and innocence and European sophistication. Besides, this article also elaborates on James' unique artistic skills—central consciousness and psychological analysis through his choice of narrative point of view, which contribute to the theme and the artistic charm of DaisyMiller.     

Reception Theory and Creative Treason of Literary Translator

In literary translation,creative treason or translation deviations will surely be a shadow in company with each translated work.A translator is both the reader of the source text and the producer of the target text.Applying much on Reception Theory,the present paper explores the issue of translator’s creative treason in literary translation in two aspects:one is the translator’s creative treason as reader and the other is the translator’s creative treason as producer.     

On Movie Title Translation from the Perspective of Reception Aesthetics

Movie is a popular art which occupies an important position in people’s leisure time. Movie title,as the most direct and accessible tool for audience to know about the movie,is very significant to attract audience into the cinema. Therefore,the translation of movie title cannot be ignored. However,due to the cultural differences in Chinese and English culture,the problem of movie title translation is obvious which needs to be paid attention to the translation and people working in movie industry.Traditional translation theory puts more emphasis on the important and authoritative status of original text and author. But this notion cannot satisfy the needs of movie title translation to the largest extent. Movie is not only a cultural and linguistic product,it also is a special commercial product. The ultimate objective of movie is to allure the audience into the cinema to watch and appreciate it in addition to provide the cultural information. Reception aesthetics,as a theory of literary criticism,gives priority to readers’ role in literary understanding and interpretation. According to reception aesthetics,the horizon of expectation should be taken into consideration when the translation work begins to be done. Horizon of expectation is composed of the readers’ or audiences’ previous cultural norms,assumptions,and criteria in the source language and culture at a given time. Movie title,as a special text,is also understood and influenced by the audience’s horizon of expectation. Chinese audience,before they decide to watch a movie,are naturally harbor their horizon of expectation about the movie. They will form their judgment and assumptions about the genre,plot,story,background about the movie from the movie title. These kind of horizon of expectation will consequently influence their ultimate decision to watch the movie or not. Hence,in doing the movie title translation,the translator is supposed to keep the audience’s horizon of expectation in mind and try his utmost to achieve the fusion of expectation. In this way,the comparatively satisfactory version is likely to come into being and finally will live up to the audience’s expectations. As a result,from the perspective of reception aesthetics,the author proposes three feasible translation methods of movie title: literal translation,free translation and adaptation.     

Interpreting the Merits In Aristotle’s Poetics

Aristotle’s Poetics represents the first major work of literature criticism. In this masterpiece,Aristotle expresses his literary and aesthetical theories. By introducing the merits in Aristotle’s Poetics,this thesis tends to reveal Aristotle’s large and enduring influence on modern literary criticism.     

Interpretation of Ecocriticism on The Call of the Wild

Ecocriticism is the combination of contemporary ecological thought and literary study,which has the double features of both literary and cultural criticism.The Call of the Wild is Jack London’ s masterpiece,and also one of his most successful animal novels.This paper attempts to interpret this novel from the perspective of ecologism to analyze the symbolic meaning of Buck’ s desocialization and his returning to nature.Also it emphasizes the theme that human beings should take their obligations seriously and live in harmony with nature.     

An Analysis of the Readers’ Roles in the Construction of Meaning in John Donne’s The Flea under Reader-Oriented Theory

Among the sundry studies in China on John Donne’s The Flea,there has been none done from the perspective of Reader-Oriented Theory to probe into the readers’ roles in the construction of meaning.The present article under Wolfgang Iser’s theories,in a further pursuit of the expansion of the gestalt of such studies on the poem,aims at exploring the readers’ active roles in complementing,completing and recreating the textual meaning,and differentiating the implied reader and the actual reader through the poem as well as attempting to fulfill the construction of the reading cognitive model through the interpretation of the conceit the flea.     

The Black Cat in the Perspective of Myth-archetype Criticism

Edgar Allan Poe is one of the most unique writers in America.It was until 20th century that the importance of Poe’s literary creations had been recognized extensively by the academic world.Many of his works have been analyzed as the psychological materials.His short stories "The Black Cat" is one of the most classic horror novels which also has been criticized from the dark side of human being in psychology,however,this essay aims to analysis "The Black Cat" in the perspective of myth-archetype criticism which can lift up readers’ mind on a broader perspective.Also,the ancient Greek mythology and Christian thought which will help us to understand his other works easily and make us know more about his particular contribution to the world literary history.     

Appreciation of Hardy＇s poem ＂Neutral Tones＂ from the point of view of functional analysis

According to the theory of Systemic-Functional Linguistics （SFL）, language cannot be disassociated from meaning. Function and semantics, as SFL suggests, are considered as the basis of human language and communicative activity. In order to reveal the inseparability of language and semantic, this paper aims to analyze and appreciate Hardy＇s poem ＂Neutral Tones＂ as a piece of literary work based on the theory of functional analysis specifically on field, tenor and mode.     

Promoting Learner Autonomy Through Reader- response Approach in EFL Literature Classes

A number of methods and approaches have been practiced in recent communicative language teaching,the applying of the reader-response approach has seen the effectiveness in the EFL literature classes.Learner autonomy in EFL literature classes is reader’s ability to regard the reading text as his/her own both in the act of reading and after the act of reading.     

HUMAN EXPERIENCE AND LITERATURE

<正> Arguments can be made in favor of,and against external approaches to literary ctiticism.Almost certainly,a writer will be influenced by his personal background as well as bythe historical and regional backgrounds aganst which he has grown up and developed hiswriting skill.A writer’s education and the course he has studied may also have theirinfluence on his works in specific ways.In other words,a writer may often draw uponoutside literary sources to lend extra dimenion to a work of his own.     

A Good Example of Hemingway’s Iceberg Principle:The Killers

Hemingway established a well-known literary theory - iceberg principle.He said he always attempted to create his literary works according to this principle.In his opinion,if a prose writer has a pretty clear idea of what he writes about,then he can omit the things he knows,and the readers will strongly feel that what the writer has omitted seems to have been written as long as what he writes is authentic.Hemingway himself once said,"The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one eighth of it being above water."Here,one eighth refers to the information given by the author,and the rest refers to the unwrit ten information that can be acquired in readers’imagination on the basis of the one eighth.The Killers is a good example of Hemingway’s iceberg principle.This essay will analyse the characters in it to show how the principle was used in this short story.With no doubt the iceberg principle leaves a large space for the readers to imagine and better understand Hemingway’s works.     

An Archetypal Analysis of the Protagonist in The Great Gatsby

The Great Gatsby written by F.Scott Fitzgerald is widely recognized as the cultural document of the Jazz Age.The novel seems to be a love story,but in fact it is about the disillusionment of American Dream-Gatsby’s failure in pursuing his long-cherished dream.Since its publication,the novel has been very popular among ordinary readers and literary critics as well.By applying archetypal criticism developed by Northrop Frye,this paper aims to give a detailed and comprehensive interpretation of the protagonist,Gatsby,and reveal the significance of his tragedy.To some extent,it is the archetypal character that enhances the profundity of the novel and arouses the readers’ response.     

On the Correlation between Historicity and Textuality—An In-depth Analysis of New Historicism

Different literary criticism theories have paved the way to analyse and evaluate the literature works from various per?spectives. In the last century, especially during the 1940s to the 1960s, the New Criticism almost dominated the literature analysis field. However, in the 1970s and early 1980s, a kind of literary criticism theory which maintained that the personal biases could largely affect the interpretation of the literature work and all history could be subjective seized the literature critic's eyeballs. And the appearance of New Historicism marked a vital transition of literature criticism theories. By analyzing the historicity of texts and the textuality of history, New Historicism does not set a clear distinction between history and literature.New Historicism mainly connects the texts and history and puts an end to the texts isolation. By figuring out the origin of New Historicism, trying to analyse the historicity and textuality thoroughly in this literature criticism theory, and exploring the disputes over this theory, the origins, concepts,historicity and textualityof New Historicism will be clarified.     

Analysis on the German Functionalist Translation Theory

German functionalist approach makes considerable contributions to translation studies for considering translation as an fact of intercultural communication and concentrate on the purpose and function of the target text.It distinctively promoted translation theory against the traditional translation views.The paper analyzes its main ideas,contribution and criticism of the Ger man Functionalist Translation Theory.     

A Keen Perception of the Essay The Libido for the Ugly

The Libido for the Ugly is an impressionistic essay written by H.L Mencken.In this writing,the author has strongly expressed his impression on the town he witnessed in his tour by using a lot of rhetoric words.The paper is aimed at analysing the text from the perspec tive of both impressionism and rhetoric devices in order to present a clear picture of writer’s intention and purpose in his writing to the readers as well as to point out the importance of the style and discoure employed by the writer.