冈底斯南缘变形花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成：新特提斯洋早侏罗世俯冲作用的证据

本文对产于冈底斯南缘一个变形花岗岩进行了主量元素、微量元素、原位锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和锆石Hf同位素组成研究.结果表明,变形花岗岩为高硅（SiO2=73.38%～76.06%）钙碱性岩系,K2O/N%0=0.69.1.17.铝指数（A/CNK）=1.03～1.07,为弱过铝质岩石.变形花岗岩微量元素组成显示贫大离子亲石元素（e.g.Rb=47×10^-6～71×10^-6）和高场强元素（e.g.Nb=1.31×10^-6～-3.09×10^-6,Ta=0.23×10^-6 ～0.54×10^-6）,具有岛弧型花岗岩的地球化学属性.变形花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄为178±1Ma,该年龄代表岩浆结晶年龄.锆石Hf同位素组成显示εHf（178Ma）值变化于＋14.1～＋17.7,表明变形花岗岩岩浆来自初生地壳物质的部分熔融.变形花岗岩的岩石成因与新特提斯洋向欧亚板块南缘的俯冲消减作用存在联系,其岩浆结晶年龄反映了新特提斯洋发生俯冲消减的开始时代不晚于早侏罗纪,说明了新特提斯洋经历了较长时间的演化.     

新疆阿尔泰山南缘玛因鄂博高温型强过铝花岗岩：年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

玛因鄂博岩体分布于新疆阿尔泰山南缘玛因鄂博深大断裂北东侧。主体岩石类型包括片麻状英云闪长岩、黑云母花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩。岩石中含有较高的黑云母，并可见夕线石、堇青石、电气石等富铝特征矿物。锆石的SHRIMP U-Pb定年表明该岩体结晶年龄为283Ma。岩石具有低的SiO2、CaO、Ba、Sr、Nb、P2O5、Al2O3／TiO2比值及高MgO、FeO^T、Cr、Ni、Ti02、REE（∑REE=126.8×10^-6～218.11×10^-6）、A／CNK（〉1.1）等特征，富集轻稀土（（La／Yb）N=5～11），具有中等的Eu负异常（δEu=0.52～0.74）。上述特征表明该岩体与典型的高温型强过铝花岗岩相似。岩石的Nd同位素分析表明，其Nd初始值变化大（-0.3～-3.5），而其中辉长岩体的Nd初始值为5.5。基于上述，我们认为花岗岩原始岩浆来源于底侵的玄武岩浆引起的低成熟度碎屑岩部分熔融，并有部分玄武岩浆的加入。结合区域地质资料，推测它形成于后碰撞阶段，属于后碰撞强过铝花岗岩。在阿勒泰地区早二叠纪强过铝花岗岩的界定为阿尔泰乃至中亚造山带的后碰撞花岗岩提供了一种重要的岩石成因类型。     

吉林色洛河晚二叠世高镁安山岩SHRIMP锆石年代学及其地球化学特征

吉林色洛河地区发育高镁安山岩类,SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年结果表明它们形成于晚二叠世（252±5Ma）.色洛河高镁安山岩类（SiO259.08%～65.67%）具有富MgO（3.68%～5.30%）,高Mg#值（0.62～0.68,平均0.66）,高Cr（203.17×10^-6～379.70×10^-6,平均258.79×10^-6）、Ni（98.13×10^-6～249.35×10^-6,平均137.00×10^-6）含量;富集大离子亲石元素（如Cs、K、Pb、Rb和Ba）,亏损高场强元素（如Ta、Ti、Nb、P）;富集LREE（Ce39.14×10^-6～48.74×10^-6）,强烈亏损HREE（Yb 0.95×10^-6～1.27×10^-6,Y 10.80×10^-6～13.13×10^-6,（La/Yb）N13.27～16.66）;但它们含有较低的Sr（158.62×10^-6～369.77×10^-6,平均258.52×10^-6）.它们属于中钾、钙碱性系列,具有明显的结晶分异和同化混染特征.上述地球化学特征表明它可能与消减沉积物流体交代形成富集地幔的部分熔融有关,其后又经历了分异和混染作用.这揭示它们形成于活动陆缘的构造背景,表明晚古生代末期古亚洲洋板块仍在消减,华北地块和佳木斯-兴凯地块（中亚造山带）最终的拼合时间可能在二叠纪之后.     

皖东滁州、上腰铺埃达克质侵入岩年代学及地球化学特征：岩石成因与成矿意义

皖东的滁州、上腰铺岩体位于扬子地块东缘、毗邻郯庐断裂带东侧,与之伴生有一些铜（金或铁）矿化.它们的黑云母的40Ar-39Ar定年结果分别为127.17±0.40Ma,129.90±0.23 Ma.滁州、上腰铺侵入岩在地球化学特征上与埃达克岩基本一致：如SiO2＞56%,高Al2O3（14.84%～16.38%）、Sr（369×10^-6～1335×10^-6）、Sr/Y（43～185）与La/Yb（22～44）,但低Y（5.51×10^-6～11.0×10^-6）,Yb（0.51×10^-6～1.09×10^-6）,无明显Eu异常-正的Eu异常（δEu=-0.75～1.28）.另外,岩体中部分样品具有较高的MgO（2.23%～5.25%）、Mg#（53～68）和Cr（89.6×10^-6～206×10^-6）、Ni（43.0×10^-6～72.0×10^-6）,类似于高镁安山岩.这两个岩体的Nd-Sr同位素特征为：（^87 Sr/^86 Sr）I=0.7060～0.7067,εNd（t）=-11.53～-14.07,说明其由俯冲洋壳熔融形成的可能性较小.我们认为,滁州、上腰铺埃达克质侵入岩可能由拆沉下地壳熔融形成,熔融产生的岩浆在穿过上覆地幔的过程中,与地幔橄榄岩发生强烈相互作用,一方面,由于地幔橄榄岩的混染而使得埃达克质岩浆的MgO、Cr和Ni含量显著增高;另一方面,岩浆中的Fe2O3可能加入到地幔中,导致地幔的氧逸度（fo2）,）增高,地幔中金属硫化物被氧化,地幔中亲铜元素则以硫酸盐的形式进入熔体中.富含Cu、Au等成矿物质的熔体在快速上升到地壳浅处时,可能由于温度、压力或氧逸度（fo2）的降低,释放出Cu、Au等成矿物质,导致矿化.     

青海省布青山早古生代末期埃达克岩的发现及其构造意义

在青藏高原北部阿尼玛卿蛇绿岩带布青山段首次发现了埃达克岩,它们多呈不规则岩脉状侵入于布青山地区北部早古生代蛇绿混杂岩中.其岩性为花岗-英云闪长岩,主矿物有斜长石、石英、黑云母、角闪石、少量钾长石和辉石;副矿物有榍石、磷灰石、锆石和磁铁矿等.属钙碱系列,具典型（Ⅰ类、O型、HSA）埃达克岩的地球化学特征,表现为：高SiO：（63.65%～71.59%）,高Al2O3（14.81%～16.11%）,高Na2O（4.68%～5.33%）和Na2O/K2O（1.48～3.08,平均2.39）,高Sr（444.08×10^-6～560.41×10^-6）和Sr/Y（50.8～105.3）,HREE强烈亏损,低Yb（0.38×10^-6～0.74×10^-6）,高La/Yb（44.93～90.97）,弱负Eu异常（δEu=0.74～0.90）,富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）,亏损高场强元素（HFSE）,Ba、Pb正异常而Nb、P负异常.获得布青山埃达克岩的锆石TIMS U-Pb年龄为402±24Ma.布青山埃达克岩熔体来自俯冲的昆祁秦洋壳（含海洋沉积物）在石榴石角闪岩相条件下部分熔融,主要残留相为石榴石（±角闪石）.布青山埃达克岩的发现指示早古生代末期洋壳（昆祁秦多岛洋的一部分）俯冲作用的存在,俯冲方向朝北（现在方位）,此前,俯冲带发生长时间的向洋迁移,早古生代末期俯冲带已后退到阿尼玛卿蛇绿混杂岩带以南;暗示典型埃达克岩也可以形成于洋壳俯冲晚期;提示阿尼玛卿蛇绿岩带可能有与典型埃达克岩有关的Au、Ag、Cu、Mo等热液和斑岩矿床.     

黄陵花岗岩基英云闪长岩的黑云母和角闪石40Ar-39Ar年龄及其冷却曲线

对黄陵花岗岩基英云闪长岩的黑云母、角闪石单矿物进行阶段加热法40Ar-39Ar定年,获得黑云母和角闪石坪年龄分剐为837.3±4.2～838.7±4.0Ma和844.0±4.2Ma,属于晋宁运动晚期事件.结合黄陵花岗岩基已有的年龄资料作出英云闪长岩的冷却曲线,显示英云闪长岩经历了850Ma～800Ma的一个岩浆活动时期,并在840Ma～830Ma之间存在一个快速冷却的过程,指示当时处于一种伸展的构造背景下,这一事件可能与位于华南的约825Ma的地幔柱上隆导致的Rodinia超级大陆的裂解事件相互响应,之后岩体经历了一个长期的演化过程,到≈800Ma该期岩浆活动基本结束.     

东南极普里兹湾地区花岗岩类的锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其构造意义

东南极普里兹湾地区出露大量泛非期花岗质岩类,利用IA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb原位定年方法测得达尔克花岗岩、蒙罗克尔花岗岩和阿曼达花岗岩的年龄分别为519±2Ma,497±2Ma和498±7Ma.所有普里兹湾地区花岗岩类均具有较高的全碱含量以及K2O/Na2O、FeO^T/（FeO^T＋MgO）和104Ga/Al比值,较低的Mg、Ca、Cr和Ni丰度,表现出A型花岗岩的特点,同时还富集大离子亲石元素和稀土元素,不同程度亏损Sr、Nb、Ta、P和Ti,并具有高87Sr/86Sr初始比值和低εNd（t）值的同位素特征.研究结果表明,普里兹湾地区的岩浆活动可能与后碰撞的造山作用有关,包括岩石圈减薄、岩浆底侵和地壳伸展作用等.普里兹湾A型后碰撞花岗岩的确定支持普里兹带为碰撞造山带的构造属性.     

乌拉特中旗克布岩体的地球化学特征及SHRIMP定年：早二叠世华北克拉通底侵作用的证据

乌拉特中旗克布岩体位于内蒙古中西部,属于华北克拉通北缘中段.克布岩体具有埃达克岩的特征：SiO2=57.66～66.94%（＞56%）,Al2O3=16.81～18.47%（＞15%）,MgO=1.33～3.28%（＜3%）;Y=7.25～13.46×10^-6（≤18×10^-6）,Yb=0.72～1.42×10^-6（≤1.9×10^-6）,Sr=540.4～655×10-6（＞400×10^-6）;高场强元素（HFSEs,如Nb、Ta、Ti、Zr）含量低,LRRE富集（La/Yb=12.11～28.56）,Eu为弱负异常至正异常（δEu＊=0.95～1.09）.高Sr/Y（48.66～74.57）、La/Yb以及中等Mg#（38.72～46.16）、K2O（1.11～2.17）近似于壳源埃达克岩.克布岩体具有低εNd（t）（=-15.1）,高（^87Sr/^86Sr）i（=0.7073）,也表明了它们的源岩来自大陆下地壳,明显不同于板片熔融来源的埃达克岩同位素特征,而与中国东部的埃达克质岩近似.与华北克拉通晚侏罗世下地壳拆沉作用形成的埃达克岩相比,克布岩体具有低的过渡金属元素含量.克布岩体可能为玄武质液体底侵,导致变厚的下地壳基底部分熔融而形成.克布岩体中锆石的SHRIMP U-Pb锆石年龄为291±4 Ma,表明早二叠世初期华北克拉通下的底侵作用已经存在.     

内蒙古商都大石沟花岗岩体锆石SHRIMPU-Pb年龄及其意义

内蒙古商都县大石沟黑云母钾长花岗岩主要由钾长石（40～60%）、更长石（10～15%）、石英（25～32%）及黑云母（5～7%）组成.主元素SiO2含量68.25%～69.64%,K2O含量5.03%～8.03%,K2O＞Na2O;A/CNK为0.77～1.1,稀土元素分馏较强,REE配分型式具中等铕负异常,岩石地球化学特征与碰撞花岗岩类似;本文对大石沟黑云母钾长花岗岩进行高精度锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年研究.其形成时间为342±5Ma,可能代表华北板块与西伯利亚板块碰撞阶段的岩浆热事件.区域最新研究资料表明,侵入图林凯蛇绿岩带的埃达克岩的年龄为467～429Ma,代表洋壳俯冲的消减时间;390～310Ma花岗岩侵位的SHRIMP U-Pb锆石年龄以及383Ma蓝片岩Ar-Ar年龄代表华北板块与西伯利亚板块的碰撞事件;390～342Ma和324～310Ma花岗岩可能代表碰撞阶段两期岩浆热事件产物.     

北淮阳古碑花岗闪长岩侵位时代及地球化学特征：对大别山中生代构造体制转换的启示

SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年表明大别山北淮阳带古碑花岗闪长岩形成于125±3Ma,而不是以前所认为的属晚侏罗世岩体.古碑花岗闪长岩的SiO2为61%～63%,K2O为3%～3.7t%,Al2O3＞15%,Mg#[100×Mg^2＋/（Mg^2＋ ＋FeT）]为45～49,具有准铝质（A/CNK=0.84～0.88）和高钾钙碱性特征.岩石富集大离子亲石元素（Sr 500×10^-6～650×10^-6,Ba 1640×10^-6～2053×10^-6）和轻稀土元素[（La/Yb）N比值为13～20],亏损高场强元素（Nb、Ta、Ti）,具有富集且均一的锶和钕同位素组成[（87Sr/86Sr）i=0.709240～0.709315,εNd（t）=-17.96～-18.05].这些地球化学特征及同位素组成与早白垩世毛坦厂组幔源火山岩及镁铁-超镁铁侵入岩很相似,表明古碑花岗闪长岩起源于富集地幔的部分熔融.该岩体的侵位可能代表了大别山强烈伸展活动的开始.大别山地区晚中生代的岩浆活动可能是古太平洋板块俯冲引起的中国东部早白垩世岩浆活动的一部分,而与三叠纪造山旋回无关.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence