Sociology of Education: Outlines Towards a Diagnosis and Thoughts on Some Major Challenges

Sociology of education in Norway has traditionally been preoccupied with the classic problems related to education and the reproduction of social inequality. As the general social scientific and political focus on inequality decreased, the sociology of education also became less visible. At the same time, the sociology of youth evolved, and brought with it a shift from theories of reproduction towards theories of individualization and cultural detachment. New challenges for sociology of education are also discussed. These are related to the educational system's position as the main socialization arena for young people, as well as new developments within educational policy, and thus within school. What kind of identities are “produced” within the educational system?     

Ambidextrous Scholarship: A Review Essay

This essay reviews three recent works in the field of philosophy of education, each of which brings the work of a major philosophical thinker to bear on contemporary topics within education: Michael Peters, ed., Heidegger, Education, and Modernity ; Randall Curren, Aristotle on the Necessity of Public Education ; and Mordechai Gordon, ed., Hannah Arendt and Education . I argue that these works are representative of a current trend in educational philosophers' ideas, including their political, social, and ethical philosophy. This approach to philosophy of education differs in significant ways from past approaches, in which the connection between philosophy and education was conceived narrowly. In the works under consideration here, education is not understood as an isolated field that is connected to philosophy only through a concerted effort; rather, education is understood as a presence within the broad constellation of philosophical questions. These books therefore not only shed light on educational matters, but they also demonstrate an elegant way to bring together theory and practice, mind and body, philosophy and education.     

Democratic Values Education Reconsidered: A Moral Realist Case

Gary Dann criticises my argument that democratic values education requires a moral realist framework. In this paper I argue that Dann's critique contains three basic confusions: (1) He assumes that moral realism necessarily implies evidentialism. (2) He assumes that moral realism gives priority to philosophical thinking as over against common sense reasoning. (3) He forgets that realism is primarily an ontological rather than an epistemological doctrine.     

教育是什么:一种教育社会学的观点

“教育是什么”历来就是一个争论不休的问题。本文从分析常见的几种关于“教育”的定义入手，进而描述了一种“新”教育社会学的观点。文章认为，对于“教育本质”的探索，应该跳出教育体系的狭小圈子，而将其视为一种社会建构的实体；惟其如此，我们才能够更深刻地把握“教育”的内涵。     

理解课堂教学权力——美国教育社会学和意识形态理论研究综述

作为教学的基本元素,课堂教学权力是一个歧义较多、问题突出的概念。对教育社会学和各意识形态流派课堂教学权力理解的梳理,有助于教师更好地理解课堂教学权力。教育社会学理论为我们分析课堂教学权力提供了分析理据,而对各意识形态流派的分析有助于我们洞察课程争论、历史话语、政策变革等因素如何对形成不同课堂教学权力理解施加的影响。     

Review Essay: Cultivating a Rhetoric of Agrarianism

CONTROL AND CONSOLATION IN AMERICAN CULTURE AND POLITICS: RHETORICS OF THERAPY. By Dana Cloud. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 1998; pp. 224. Cloth $67.95; Paper $31.95.

DANGEROUS LIAISONS: GENDER, NATION, AND POSTCOLONIAL PERSPECTIVES. By Anne McClintock, Aamir Mufti, and Ella Shohat. Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press, 1997; pp. 560. Cloth $62.95; Paper $24.95.

WHITENESS: THE COMMUNICATION OF SOCIAL IDENTITY. Edited by Thomas Nakayama and Judith Martin. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 1999; pp. xiv + 314. Cloth $73.95; Paper $36.95.     

Towards a Sociology of Learning in Primary Schools

In this paper the aim is to highlight the absence of a sociology of learning in relation to primary education. Further, it is argued that there is considerable scope for cooperation between psychologists and sociologists in tackling this issue and one way will be explored in which this could be achieved by drawing on social constructivist psychology and symbolic interactionist sociology. In support of this suggestion, some brief illustrative material is presented, drawn from a longitudinal ethnography of a pupil cohort progressing through a primary school in the UK.     

再生产:教育行动的社会学研究

把教育行动的目标定格在社会、制度、文化的再生产领域进行分析，是西方马克思主义教育社会学理论的基本框架。这种理论框架是以马克思关于经济基础决定上层建筑和人的异化理论为基础的。教育行动的社会学研究把教育纳入到社会结构各要素之间的互动中研究，有力地揭示了教育再生产社会结构的本质。     

默顿科学社会学述评

科学社会学的开创者默顿最初关注的是促成近代科学兴起或体制化的主要社会因素问题,后来转向研究科学体制的内部规范结构问题,如科学的精神气质、科学发现或发明优先权的争论、科学奖励或报偿制度及其实质和根源等。从不同时期所研究的问题的不同,可以清楚地看出,默顿科学社会学的总的发展趋势是由外部科学社会学到内部科学社会学,最终发展为一种几乎没有科学的科学社会学。     

教师对融合教育的理解与践行:基于社会学新制度主义的分析

本研究运用质性研究方法,对北京、上海共11位普通学校教师进行访谈来深入了解教师对融合教育的理解与践行。结果表明,多数教师对融合教育的态度仍不容乐观,将形式化的调整视为教学过程中最大程度的改变,最终在实践层面形构出一种"象征性"的融合教育制度。结合社会学新制度主义理论分析发现:教师在以追求效率为特征的学校内生性制度逻辑的长期浸润下,发展出包括身份图式、应试图式以及缺陷模式特殊学生观在内的一套共享"文化—认知"图式,从而在"文化—认知"层面解构了融合教育的合法性基础,也使学校和教师倾向于采取"政策—实践"松散耦合策略应对融合教育制度。