Cognitive processing and mathematical achievement: a study with schoolchildren between fourth and sixth grade of primary education

This investigation analyzed the relation between cognitive functioning and mathematical achievement in 114 students in fourth, fifth, and sixth grades. Differences in cognitive performance were studied concurrently in three selected achievement groups: mathematical learning disability group (MLD), low achieving group (LA), and typically achieving group (TA). For this purpose, performance in verbal memory and in the PASS cognitive processes of planning, attention, and simultaneous and successive processing was assessed at the end of the academic course. Correlational analyses showed that phonological loop and successive and simultaneous processing were related to mathematical achievement at all three grades. Regression analysis revealed simultaneous processing as a cognitive predictor of mathematical performance, although phonological loop was also associated with higher achievement. Simultaneous and successive processing were the elements that differentiated the MLD group from the LA group. These results show that, of all the variables analyzed in this study, simultaneous processing was the best predictor of mathematical performance.     

心理教育活动课影响初中生心理健康的实验研究

大量现实表明．我国学生的心理健康问题日益严重。为此,我们进行了心理教育活动课的实验教学研究。实验证明心理教育活动课作为一种重要的心理教育方式,对初中生的心理健康有促进作用。     

河北省部分高校教师心理健康现状的调查研究

对河北省五百余名高校教师,应用症状自评量表SCL-90进行测查,结果显示:教师在各因子分上均低于全国常模,并且有显著性差异;不同性别教师在偏执和精神病性因子分上有显著差异;不同学历教师在强迫、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性几个因子分上存在明显的差异;不同职称教师在敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性几个因子分上存在明显的差异。因此,河北省高校教师的心理健康普遍良好,造成教师心理压力的主要原因来自于社会环境和学校环境。     

希腊神话传说中对抗因素试析

在希腊神话传说中 ,存在着大量的对抗因素 ,文章试图以神为中心而对几种比较显著的对抗因素进行分析 ,以求窥得古希腊社会矛盾之一斑 ,并从其中人物的“渎神”行为对较早的无神论者的叛逆精神形成一定的认识。     

希腊神话传说中对抗因素试析

在希腊神话传说中，存在着大量的对抗因素，文章试图以神为中心而对几种比较显著的对抗因素进行分析，以求窥得古希腊社会矛盾之一斑，并从其中人物的“渎神”行为对较早的无神论者的叛逆精神形成一定的认识。     

探析古希腊神话中的文学伦理观

作为最古老的口头文学的古希腊神话,保留了最原始、最自然的人性标本,蕴涵着明显的伦理道德倾向。在希腊神话中,人本意识和理性是伦理的核心,同时,父权制的存在对希腊人的性别伦理观影响巨大。本文将运用文学伦理批评解读希腊神话以个人为本位的自由精神、以理性为核心的至善追求和以父权制为基础的性别差异中透视的伦理与道德观。用文学伦理学批评方法研究古希腊神话,将使读者重新认识希腊神话的文学与伦理价值。     

医学研究生心理健康与压力、应对方式的调查研究

目的:采用问卷调查的方式了解639名一年级医学研究生的心理健康水平、心理压力及应对方式.结果:医学研究生的心理健康水平严重低干全国成人常模,且心理危险和异常人数比例高于30％,现状令人堪忧.压力与心理健康水平存在负相关,主要压力、就业与前途压力、生活改变与环境压力和经济压力3个方面.应对方武没有显现其中介调节作用,可能和学生的具体应对方式采用不当有关.结论:缓解医学研究生学业、就业和经济等压力,加强心理卫生工作,增强应对能力,有利于提高其心理健康水平.     

河北省大学生心理素质的调查与研究

通过对河北省理、工、农、医、师范等9所不同类型高校1—4年级不同专业的1936名大学生心理素质的调查,了解了当前大学生心理素质现状．并从人生观和价值观、环境适应、人际关系、自我教育和学习、人格、爱情观等几个方面分析了当代大学生的心理素质现状及其成因,有针对性地提出了加强大学生心理素质教育的对策。     

高师院校大学生心理健康状况的调查研究

采用大学生心理健康量表和安全感量表对1373名大学生进行问卷调查,用SPSS10.0统计软件对结果进行分析。结论:高师大学生的心理健康状况总体上处于中等偏上水平,在实施学校心理健康教育过程中,应以预防为主,针对其性别、年级、专业等差异有针对性地开展工作。     

An ERP study of emotional face processing in the adult and infant brain

To examine the ontogeny of emotional face processing, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from adults and 7-month-old infants while viewing pictures of fearful, happy, and neutral faces. Face-sensitive ERPs at occipital-temporal scalp regions differentiated between fearful and neutral/happy faces in both adults (N170 was larger for fear) and infants (P400 was larger for fear). Behavioral measures showed no overt attentional bias toward fearful faces in adults, but in infants, the duration of the first fixation was longer for fearful than happy faces. Together, these results suggest that the neural systems underlying the differential processing of fearful and happy/neutral faces are functional early in life, and that affective factors may play an important role in modulating infants' face processing.     

An fMRI study of multimodal semantic and phonological processing in reading disabled adolescents

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated multimodal (visual and auditory) semantic and unimodal (visual only) phonological processing in reading disabled (RD) adolescents and non-impaired (NI) control participants. We found reduced activation for RD relative to NI in a number of left-hemisphere reading-related areas across all processing tasks regardless of task type (semantic vs. phonological) or modality (auditory vs. visual modality). Moreover, activation differences in these regions, which included the inferior frontal gyrus, the superior temporal gyrus, and the occipitotemporal region, were largely independent of in-scanner performance in our auditory semantic task. That is, although RD participants and NI participants differed in performance in visually presented conditions, they did not differ significantly in the auditory condition, yet similar patterns of reduced activation were observed in these regions across conditions. These findings indicate a neurobiological marker in RD that is independent of task, modality, or performance. These findings are discussed in the context of current neurobiological models of RD.     

An epidemiological study of abused children and their families in the united kingdom between 1977 and 1982

Between 1977 and 1982 there were 6,532 children placed on the child abuse registers maintained by the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC) in England. This paper examines the data on these children. The rate of physical injury increased over the last four years of the study from .43 to .63 per thousand children under 15 in the NSPCC register areas, but the percentage of fatal and serious injuries decreased over the entire period. There was also a decline in the rate of re-injury. Infants, boys and low birthweights were overrepresented among the physically abused, neglected and nonorganic failure to thrive cases. Girls and 10-14 year olds were overrepresented among the sexually abused children. The parents or caretakers of the abused children were characterized by their early parenthood, marital instability, large families, criminality and mobility. An initial unemployment rate of 35% among the male caretakers increased to 58% over the last three years of the study.     

老年健身运动中的心理按摩效应实验

对唐山地区老年运动者采用心理按摩的方式,采用临场实验法,借鉴国内、外运动心理按摩研究成果,对老年健康心理按摩效应进行了分析：采用心理按摩技术后,存在3种不同心理效应,对运动前后心理按摩效应、男女运动者心理按摩效应、运动心理按摩的体温与体能变化、心理按摩后运动技术成功效应进行了对比,认为在健身运动中增加心理按摩,有利于老年健身运动的发展．     

Using kindergarten number sense to predict calculation fluency in second grade

Children's number sense in kindergarten was used to predict their calculation fluency in second grade (N = 198). Using block entry regression, usual predictors of age, reading, memory, and verbal and spatial cognition were entered in the first block and number sense measures were added in the second block. Number sense measures contributed a significant amount of variance over and above the more general predictors (26%-42%). Uniquely predictive subareas were active memory for numbers, number knowledge, and number combinations, with number combinations standing out as the strongest single predictor. Number sense screening in kindergarten, using "at-risk" versus "not-at-risk" criteria, successfully ruled out 84% of the children who did not go on to have calculation fluency difficulties and positively identified 52% of the children who later showed fluency difficulties. The relation of early number skills to later calculation fluency has important implications for math screening and intervention.     

以跨文化视角浅析《我盛大的希腊婚礼》

《我盛大的希腊婚礼》是一个典型的跨文化电影,讲述的是希腊裔美国女孩图菈同非希腊裔的美国男友伊恩冲破重重阻碍,最后举行盛大的希腊婚礼的爱情喜剧。影片全方位地再现了希腊裔美国移民的生活,以幽默的手法反映了希腊文化与美国文化的冲突。本文以霍夫斯泰德的跨文化理论为指导,探讨希腊裔移民应如何正确处理这种跨文化冲突,实现同美国主流文化的和谐共处。     

基于ArcGIS的公路里程桩桩号推算方法实现

由于国家基础设施建设的发展,部分道路的里程发生了变化,因此需要对公路里程进行重新确认。用传统的方法进行里程的确认不仅效率低下而且缺乏准确性,论文利用ArcGIS提供的线性参考工具进行数据处理,再根据里程桩推算的规则,结合ArcObjects提供的接口进行桩号推算工具的开发,快速实现里程桩数据的生产,该方法高效而且准确。     

古希腊初等教育的游戏精神探析及启示

古希腊雅典学校初等教育的大部分内容在今天被称之为"游戏",其文字课程、音乐课程和体育训练蕴含的游戏精神充满娱乐性、体验性和创造性。而我国当前的初等教育与游戏精神分离,存在教育内容和形式封闭单一、不再关注儿童的生活意义和生命价值等问题,据此探讨了雅典初等教育的游戏精神对我国现代初等教育改革与发展的借鉴与展望。     

中希神话传承之异同比较

中希神话都是人类初期思想艺术的结晶,都是从口头集体创作,又口耳相传流传下来的。它们都起源于母权制氏族社会的繁荣期,到奴隶制社会发展到顶点,到了封建社会,则朝着不同的方向发展。     

Development of mental attention in gifted and mainstream children: the role of mental capacity, inhibition, and speed of processing

The study examined performance of 6- to 11-year-old children, from gifted and mainstream academic programs, on measures of mental-attentional capacity, cognitive inhibition, and speed of processing. In comparison with mainstream peers, gifted children scored higher on measures of mental-attentional capacity, responded more quickly on speeded tasks of varying complexity, and were better able to resist interference in tasks requiring effortful inhibition. There was no group difference on a task requiring automatic inhibition. Comparisons between older and younger children yielded similar results. Correlations between inhibition tasks suggest that inhibition is multidimensional in nature, and its application may be affected by task demands. Measures of efficiency of inhibition and speed of processing did not explain age or group differences on a complex intellective measure of mental-attentional capacity.