广州市春季大气颗粒物的粒径分布及能见度研究

于2008年春季采用粒径谱仪和自动气象站等高分辨率仪器对广州城区大气颗粒物的粒径分布特征及其与大气能见度的相互关系进行研究.结果发现,0.5~20μm粒径范围的颗粒物数浓度随粒径增大而逐渐减小;质量浓度谱分布呈双峰型,分别在0.7μm和2.5μm出现峰值;而降雨对粗颗粒物的去除作用显著.0.5~2.5μm粒子浓度增加是大气能见度降低的重要原因.     

基于CNKI的我国数字期刊研究状况分析

摘 要 【目的】揭示我国数字期刊研究的演进历程、研究水平和未来走向。【方法】 检索中国知网（CNKI）关于数字期刊的相关文献,运用文献计量学的方法进行统计与分析。【结果】年度发文量、作者、文献下载次数和被引频次、作者单位来源、文献来源期刊以及关键词出现频次等几个方面的数据,反映出当前我国数字期刊的研究日益深化,体现出理论与实践相结合的特点。【结论】构建合理的研究队伍,平衡出版流程研究的着力点,加强研究视角的广阔性和前瞻性才能更好地促进数字期刊的发展。     

基于CNKI的我国数字期刊研究状况分析

【目的】揭示我国数字期刊研究的演进历程、研究水平和未来走向。【方法】 检索中国知网（CNKI）关于数字期刊的相关文献,运用文献计量学的方法进行统计与分析。【结果】年度发文量、作者、文献下载次数和被引频次、作者单位来源、文献来源期刊以及关键词出现频次等几个方面的数据,反映出当前我国数字期刊的研究日益深化,体现出理论与实践相结合的特点。【结论】构建合理的研究队伍,平衡出版流程研究的着力点,加强研究视角的广阔性和前瞻性才能更好地促进数字期刊的发展。     

近20年新能源研究的发展回顾

统筹回顾新能源的研究进展和主题发展,追寻世界研究格局的变化轨迹,比较中国与主要竞争对手的研究并提出针对性建议。研究发现,新能源的研究有明显的阶段性和社会—技术范式发展轨迹,当下正处在高速发展时期,且已经形成明显的3个方向;中国在世界发展的轨迹中一鸣惊人,迅速成为新能源研究的主力;美国是中国最大的竞争对手,相对美国,中国未来需要克服研究质量低、实际应用性弱等缺陷。     

数据期刊的政策调研与分析——以Scientific Data为例

【目的】探讨在数字出版环境中把握机遇、组织和重构出版技术和理念、提高高校学报传播能力的策略。【方法】从高校学报的传播现状出发,分析了高校学报的传播路径、传播能力及传播效果。【结果】 高校学报传播路径单一、传播能力及传播效果低下,造成学报信息的低效传播。高校学报应从信源着手,探索新的信息传播内容和形式,提高信息的针对性、适宜性和质量; 坚持多种发展战略,实现真正的数字出版; 为受众着想,注重信息互动,增强信息传播的源动力。【结论】只有认真研究高校学报的传播规律,认识到高校学报传播的现状和不足,才能在不断加剧的市场竞争中掌握主动权。     

Organizational and institutional influences on creativity in scientific research

This paper explores institutional and organizational influences on creativity in scientific research. Using a method for identifying creative scientific research accomplishments in two fields of science (nanotechnology and human genetics) in Europe and the US, the paper summarizes results derived from twenty case studies of highly creative research accomplishments, focusing on contextual patterns at the group, organizational, and institutional levels. We find that creative accomplishments are associated with small group size, organizational contexts with sufficient access to a complementary variety of technical skills, stable research sponsorship, timely access to extramural skills and resources, and facilitating leadership. A potential institutional threat to creative science is the increase in competitive research council funding at the expense of flexible institutional sponsorship. Implications for research management and research policy are considered.     

Research upon return: The effect of international mobility on scientific ties,production and impact

Highly skilled return migrants contribute to the establishment of ties between the home and host systems. This paper studies how the professional ties, which Argentinean researchers built up during the time spent in foreign research systems, influence their collaboration patterns and their research outputs upon return. It confirms the expectation that having foreign work experience helps to explain the propensity to co-publish internationally and it also shows that researchers collaborate to a higher degree with their former host system. Another central finding is that foreign work experience has a positive effect on the propensity to publish in journals with a high impact factor. Additionally, a large share of this type of research is published without international co-authorship. We therefore do no not find evidence of a lack of publication autonomy in the case of Argentinean returnees.     

The evolution of research activity in Spain: The impact of the National Commission for the Evaluation of Research Activity (CNEAI)

This article outlines the evolution of international scientific production in Spain over the last 25 years, a period characterised by steady growth in research production. The following stages in this process are identified in accordance with some of the factors that predominated at different times. From 1974 to 1982 production increased due to causes endogenous to the scientific system itself, as scientists brought their work into line with the patterns which characterised research in other industrialised countries. From 1982 to 1991 the prioritisation of R&D by government administrative bodies represented a constant stimulus, implemented through a set of legal measures, investments and the creation of posts for new researchers. From 1989 to the present the creation of the Comisión Nacional de Evaluación de la Actividad Investigadora (National Commission for the Evaluation of Research Activity, CNEAI) and the research incentive system have provided a further stimulus, which has led to the maintenance of, and an increase in, the rate of research production in spite of the net decrease in the monetary value of research grants awarded during the last period analysed. Other special characteristics of Spanish research, such as its dependence on the public sector and its essentially academic nature, are discussed.     

基于文献计量学分析的中医护理科研发展情况探索与思考

从科技管理视角对我国中医护理领域科研发展现状及存在问题进行分析，检索2012－2021年中国知网（CNKI）收录的中医护理领域高被引文献，对所得2 028篇文献采用Excel及CiteSpace软件进行定量分析和可视化分析。结果表明：近10年中医护理研究具有较高研究热度，但科研基金资助力度较小，发表在中文核心期刊占比较低，高质量研究较少，相关研究仍处于起步阶段；中医护理理论体系构建研究及干预性护理研究是近10年中医护理研究关注焦点及热点,穴位贴敷、生活质量作为热点被持续关注。根据分析结果，提出通过加强顶层设计、提高研究质量，完善激励政策、提高基金资助率、促进合作共研及加大人才培养力度等措施，推动我国中医护理领域高质量发展。     

基于文献计量的国内外碳排放权交易研究现状分析

基于文献计量学方法,利用VOS viewer、CiteSpace V等软件,对Web of Science(WoS)核心合集10643篇文献及中国知网(CNKI)核心期刊5576篇碳排放权交易相关文献进行计量分析与对比,探索该领域研究现状及发展趋势。结果表明,我国在该领域的研究能力不断提升；国家之间的合作研究呈现实力不均衡特征,我国研究机构与美英研究机构合作较为紧密；与国际文献相比,国内文献多从政策、市场机制、市场体系等方面展开研究,对能源消费与碳足迹追踪等角度的研究较少。最后,总结了我国现阶段碳排放权交易研究方面的短板与问题,以期为未来在该领域开展研究的学者提供指导与帮助。     

高水平行业特色研究型大学科研竞争力分析——基于Scopus数据库引文的一种分析方法

以Scopus数据库引文数据,运用文献计量分析方法,构建科研竞争力评价指标体系框架,对高水平行业特色研究型大学进行综合分析,从科研生产力、科研影响力、科研创新力、科研发展力四个维度评价高校科研竞争力的现状、水平及其发展趋势。研究发现,高水平行业特色研究型大学科研生产力水平已具有一定的优势、呈现良好的发展态势;科研影响力也不断扩大、有了显著的提升;但科研创新力、科研发展力还有较大的提升空间。高水平行业特色研究型大学应重视学术品质,关注国际科技前沿、注重学科交叉融合,加强与国际一流大学和科研机构实质性合作,加大海外引智、引才力度,加快绩效考核与分配制度改革、引导科研人员重视基础研究。     

The research core of the knowledge management literature

A bibliometric analysis and a content analysis were conducted to explore the nature of the knowledge management literature. For the bibliometric analysis, three levels of Bradford analysis were used to examine the shape of the knowledge management literature based on 21,596 references from 2771 source publications. Each of the three analyses conformed to the typical curve of the Bradford distribution. For the content analysis, the texts of 630 knowledge management articles were analyzed to address the question of what research methodologies are used in the knowledge management literature. It was found that 27.8 percent of knowledge management-related articles in knowledge management journals used no identifiable research method. Of the remaining 455 refereed articles, 60 percent employed mainstream social sciences research methodologies. The remaining 40 percent of the articles using an identifiable methodology were characterized by the use of “provisional methods” that appeared to substitute for more formally defined or scientifically based research methodologies.     

科研合著网络资本如何影响科研绩效——来自我国高校科学家的微观证据

本文基于Web of Science核心合集数据库和Incite数据库,运用社会网络分析法构建了北京大学理工科院系科学家科研合著网络,并从社会资本视角,采用动态面板GMM模型探讨了合著网路资本对学科认可、政府认可、市场认可等科研绩效的影响。研究发现：科学家积累更多的社会资本将更有利于提升科研绩效,但不同的社会资本维度对学科、政府、市场不同方面的科研绩效影响方向、影响程度不一。并建议科学家和科研机构要将合作从增量向提质转变,要引入组织协调平衡和优化合作内部结构,要完善科研绩效综合评价。     

Diversity of backgrounds and ideas: The case of research evaluation in economics

This paper contributes to the literature on the effect of research evaluation in terms of preserving and reproducing diversity. Through a large-scale natural experiment encompassing two entire cohorts of Italian economists, we document how candidates for academic positions, especially top-tier positions, in economics are pushed to increasingly conform to a standardised research profile. We find evidence of gender bias in research evaluation and observe substantial variability in the chances of qualifying for an academic position, depending on candidates’ main fields, topics and methods of research. Our results also indicate that economists working on less popular research fields and/or with heterodox methods are less likely to qualify for top-tier academic positions, independently of their bibliometric indicators.     

科研项目实施过程质量控制的探讨

针对目前科研项目在研阶段忽视进度和质量目标统一的实际，提出了科研项目研究过程中必须实施过程质量控制的思想。文中着重阐述了实施质量过程控制的必要性、可行性及在实施中应做好的几项基础性工作     

Tokamaks and turbulence: research ensembles, policy and technoscientific work

A comparative analysis of two fusion energy research facilities is used to examine how the ensemble of research technologies (materials, methods, instruments, techniques, and the like) constructed and used by a group not only connects the group to other researchers and policymakers but also influences the group’s trajectory, performance, and the work of its members. We use a combination of historical, interview, and questionnaire data to describe the two facilities, position them within the field, and examine the working conditions and job satisfaction of their members. We develop the idea of research ensemble, characterize it in comparison with related concepts, explain how it reflects policy priorities and provides a new way for research groups to accumulate advantage and disadvantage. Using multiple regression models, we demonstrate how differences in research ensembles lead to differences in working conditions and job satisfactions. Some implications are proposed for policy in fast-changing, large-scale fields of science and technology.     

Factors associated with disciplinary and interdisciplinary research collaboration

There is a lack of understanding regarding the optimal conditions for interdisciplinary research. This study investigates what characteristics of researchers are associated with disciplinary and interdisciplinary research collaborations and what collaborations are most rewarding in different scientific disciplines. Our results confirm that female scientists are more engaged in interdisciplinary research collaborations. Further, a scientist's years of research experience are positively related with both types of collaboration. Work experience in firms or governmental organizations increases the propensity of interdisciplinary collaborations, but decreases that of disciplinary collaborations. Disciplinary collaborations occur more frequent in basic disciplines; interdisciplinary collaborations more in strategic disciplines. We also found that in both types of disciplines, disciplinary collaborations contribute more to career development than interdisciplinary collaborations. We conclude with three recommendations for science and innovation policy, while emphasising the need to distinguish between different scientific disciplines.     

The impact of network embeddedness on research output

This paper aims to further our understanding of how embeddedness affects the research output and impact of scientists. The analysis uses an extensive panel data that allows an analysis of within person variation over time. It explores the simultaneous effects of different dimensions of network embeddedness over time at individual level. These include the establishment of direct ties, the strengths of these ties, as well as the density, structural holes, centrality, and cross-disciplinary links. Results suggest that the network dynamics behind the generation of quality output contrasts dramatically with that of quantity. We find that the relational dimension of scientists matters for quality, but not for output, while cognitive dimensions have the opposite effect, helping output, while being indifferent toward impact. The structural dimension of the network is the only area where there is some degree of convergence between output quantity and quality; here, we find a prevalence for the role of brokerage over cohesion. It concludes by discussing implications for both network research and science policy.     

我国高影响力论文产出现状及国际地位

【目的】了解我国高水平科研产出的结构特征和国际科技地位,为我国科技期刊的选题、组稿,科技期刊和科学研究的国际化发展提供参考。【方法】利用ESI数据库对我国热点论文进行全面分析与评价,对比研究我国科研人员参与发表和我国科研人员作为第一作者发表的热点论文的文献计量学特征。【结果】我国入选ESI热点论文数量排名全球第3,主要分布在我国北京、江苏、上海、浙江等地区,与美国、英国、德国、澳大利亚等合作最为密切。【结论】我国高影响力科研产出名列国际前茅,但短期内较难实现全球第一的突破。我国高影响力论文产出状况有助于我们了解我国优质稿源的分布特征和去向,对推动我国学术期刊的国际化发展具有重要意义。     

基于国家科技进步奖获奖项目的学研产合作分析

选取国家科技进步奖获奖项目作为数据来源,从学-学合作、学-研合作、学-产合作三个维度,从整体概况、年度分析、核心高校三个层面,对2000—2014年间的学研产合作发展动态进行分析。研究表明,学-学合作、学-研合作、学-产合作虽在个别年份有波动,但总体上处于稳定上升状态,高水平、高层次的学研产合作将成为应用推广先进科学技术成果、完成重大科学技术工作计划项目等方面的主流。