焦作市煤矿塌陷地生物复垦技术研究

焦作市煤矿区是一个有着近百年历史的老矿区。长期以来 ,地下采煤引起的大面积土地塌陷以及矸石山压占土地对本地区土地资源造成较大的破坏。为了改善矿区环境 ,针对焦作矿区的特殊情况 ,笔者提出以下几种生物复垦措施对复垦地土壤进行改良 :酸碱中和法、绿肥法、施用化肥和农家肥、微生物法。试验结果表明 :生物复垦技术是改善新土壤层的养分状况 ,增加有机质和保肥能力的最有效方式。采用生物复垦措施后 ,新土壤层的土壤结构明显地得到改善 ,土壤容重明显降低 ,理化特性得到改善 ;试种的作物产量与工程复垦后土壤的相比明显增加 ,基本接近普通农田的水平     

科尔沁右翼后旗人口结构变化研究

清末放垦后,大量外盟旗蒙古农民和汉人涌入科尔沁右翼后旗,迫使该旗从事牧业的人口大量减少。更多的原住旗民招外来蒙、汉农民垦种,不仅改变了该旗蒙古人户数及民族结构。而且加快了该旗由牧转农的进程。     

土地复垦与生态重建

本文在前人研究的基础上，从矿区土地复垦和生态重建内涵出发，就两者的关系及有关问题进行了探讨。文章认为土地复垦不仅是土地问题．也是环境问题；土地复垦的实质是既要恢复土地资源，又要重建生态平衡，生态重建是土地复垦的核心和目标．土地复垦和生态重建是土地和环境综合治理的系统工程；恢复生态学是土地复垦和生态重建的理论基础；地貌重塑和土壤重构是土地复垦和生态重建是的基础工程，而植被重建是关键。     

The farm as an educative tool in the development of place attachments among Irish farm youth

ABSTRACT

This paper focuses on the educative role of the farm in the development of relationships between young people and the homeplace they grew up on. The paper is based on qualitative interviews with a cohort of 30 Irish university students (15 men and 15 women) brought up on Irish family farms who would not become full-time farmers. The farm acts as an educational tool through which broader cultural and familial norms of land ownership, succession and affiliations with the land are transmitted to the next generation. This is manifested through, for example, the creation of foundational stories about their forebearers’ influence on the physical appearance of the farm. The resulting place attachments are of profound depth and serve a key role in the succession process in helping to build a sense of duty and responsibilisation into the next generation’s relationship with the landholding.     

“土地整理与复垦”课程建设与实践教学设置的构建

本文在分析“土地整理与复垦”课程特点的基础上,结合土地资源管理专业培养方案在教学内容、实践教学以及考试内容与考试方式等方面对“土地整理与复垦”课程建设进行了构建。教学内容设置包括基础知识、支撑理论与技术、核心理论与技术以及实践应用四部分;实践教学内容设置三个环节,包括土地整理项目可行性研究报告编制、土地整理项目规划设计报告编制与土地复垦方案编制;考试内容以考核学生的理解与应用能力为主,避免死记硬背。     

Michigan Citizens' Knowledge and Perceptions About Groundwater

Abstract

Knowledge and perceptions of Michigan residents about groundwater were assessed so that a comprehensive educational program could be developed and baseline information established to document the program's impact over time. Data were collected from 663 residents in urban, rural, and farm households. Results indicated that knowledge about groundwater was moderate and that a statewide educational campaign on facts about groundwater was necessary. People perceived that land use practices affected groundwater quality at the national, state, and county levels but not at their household level. Significant differences were found among urban, rural, and farm residents and between farmers and nonfarmers in their perceptions of the effects of land use on groundwater quality.     

我国矿山土地复垦及生态重建

矿山开采及近几年的个体挖矿,导致了严重的生态环境问题,矿山土地复垦及生态重建在生态环境治理方面起着重要的作用。文章简单介绍了国内外矿山土地复垦及生态重建的研究现状,并对矿山的土地复垦和生态重建的涵义、影响因素及其技术进行了初步探讨。     

对乌兰察布开荒与退耕政策的历史考察

过度农垦是乌兰察布荒漠化的直接原因之一,但不是深层原因。荒漠化的深层原因是影响和制约人们活动的政策。考察乌兰察布50余年的历史,在不同时期执行了不同的开荒、禁荒政策,呈现出阶段性变化。只有弄清历史上乌兰察布关于垦殖的政策及其成因,才能从深层次上认识荒漠化的不断扩展,才能制定出对症下药的、科学合理的治沙方案,才能更好地保护祖国北疆的生态安全。同时也有利于人们对现阶段实施的“退耕还林（草）、退耕还牧”政策认识的深化和巩固,避免政策出现反复。     

菌根生物技术及其在矿区土地复垦与生态重建中的应用研究

鉴于菌根技术作为一种生物新技术对于矿区土地复垦与生态重建中的作用正日益为人们所关注,本文综述了菌根及其在植物生态系统中作用、矿区土地复垦技术体系及菌根生物技术在生态修复中应用现状,提出了菌根在矿区土地复垦与生态重建中的研究动态和应用策略.     

适度规模经营也要适度推进——江苏省泰州市姜堰区家庭农场发展情况的调查与思考

推进农业适度规模经营是提高农业效益和加快农业现代化进程的重要举措。通过调研发现,以家庭农场建设推进农业适度规模经营,也要尊重规律,循序渐进,不能盲目搞运动,追指标。因为土地流转关系重大,需要摸索出一套规范的操作机制;经营主体很难选择,不宜逼村干部承包农场经营。同时,现有的经营主体农技水平普遍较低,经营效益没有得到提升。此外,急于赶家庭农场建设进度,相应的扶持政策、基础设施建设和服务体系也跟不上。因此,适度规模经营应该适度推进。     

基于AEZ对农村集体建设用地复垦后生产潜力的评估

国以民为本,民以食为天。土地是人类居住、生活的场所,更是人类赖以生存与繁衍的基本资源和主要物质基础。土地区域性综合整治及城乡一体化规划,既要有益于城市、农村和谐发展,又要保障最基本的耕地“红线”。采用“AEZ法”计算研究区域的理论光温水土（土地）生产潜力,并同该区域复垦区的实际产量和区域标准粮总产量进行比较、分析,评估集体建设用地复垦后的生产潜力,探讨其可持续发展的区划。通过“先补后占”实现区域耕地资源的动态平衡,不仅要重视复垦土地单位的数量,更要关注其质量的维持、提高;这是当前我国城镇化、工业化、现代化亟待解决的难题。     

Organic nitrogen components in soils from southeast China

Objective:To investigate the amounts of extractable organic nitrogen(EON),and the relationships between EON and total extractable nitrogen(TEN),especially the amino acids(AAs) adsorbed by soils,and a series of other hydrolyzed soil nitrogen indices in typical land use soil types from southeast China.Under traditional agricultural planting conditions,the functions of EON,especially AAs in the rhizosphere and in bulk soil zones were also investigated.Methods:Pot experiments were conducted using plants of pakchoi(Brassica chinensis L.) and rice(Oryza sativa L.).In the rhizosphere and bulk soil zone studies,organic nitrogen components were extracted with either distilled water,0.5 mol/L K2SO4or acid hydrolysis.Results:K2SO4-EON constituted more than 30% of TEN pools.K2SO4-extractable AAs accounted for 25% of EON pools and nearly 10% of TEN pools in rhizosphere soils.Overall,both K2SO4-EON and extractable AAs contents had positive correlations with TEN pools.Conclusions:EON represented a major component of TEN pools in garden and paddy soils under traditional planting conditions.Although only a small proportion of the EON was present in the form of water-extractable and K2SO4-extractable AAs,the release of AAs from soil exchangeable sites might be an important source of organic nitrogen(N) for plant growth.Our findings suggest that the content of most organic forms of N was significantly greater in rhizosphere than in bulk soil zone samples.However,it was also apparent that the TEN pool content was lower in rhizosphere than in bulk soil samples without added N.     

托克托县土地整治潜力研究

为保障土地资源可持续利用,提高土地利用效率,促进耕地保护与土地整治、产业发展、城乡建设和生态建设的协调发展。本文利用单因素评价方法开展新增耕地潜力预测分析,对各类型预测潜力进行分级,其中农用地整理补充耕地的潜力为1075．70公顷,潜力区主要分布在五申镇、古城镇、伍什家镇,农村建设用地补充耕地的潜力为38．47公顷,潜力区主要分布在新营子镇,土地复垦补充耕地的潜力为169．32公顷,主要分布在伍十家镇和古城镇;宜耕后备土地开发的潜力为186．36公顷,主要分布在新营子镇。     

农地资源三大配置主体及其配置因素比较

在我国，农地资源配置的宏观、中观、微观主体在配置农地资源的过程中有着不同的功能和作用，在配置目标、决策方式、调控手段以及关注的要素等方面均有显著的差异；但无论是哪一个层面的农地资源配置主体，配置农地资源时都应避免规模效益偏差、时序效益偏差、布局效益偏差。     

An Arabidopsis mutant atcsr-2 exhibits high cadmium stress sensitivity involved in the restriction of H2S emission

The gene AtCSR encodes peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases) that accelerate energetically unfavorable cis/trans isomerization of the peptide bond preceding proline production.In our studies,we found that AtCSR was associated with cadmium (Cd)-sensitive response in Arabidopsis.Our results show that AtCSR expression was triggered by Cd-stress in wild type Arabidopsis.The expression of some genes responsible for Cd2+ transportation into vacuoles was induced,and the expression of the iron-regulated transporter 1 (IRT1) related to Cd2+ absorption from the environment was not induced in wild type with Cd2+ treatment.The expression of Cd-transportation related genes was not in response to Cd-stress,whereas IRT expression increased dramatically in atcsr-2 with Cd2+ treatment.The expression of glutathione 1 (GSH1) was consistent with GSH being much lower in atcsr-2 in comparison with the wild type with Cd2+ treatment.Additionally,malondialdehyde (MDA),hydrogen peroxide,and Cd2+ contents,and activities of some antioxidative enzymes,differed between the wild type and atcsr-2.Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been confirmed as the third gas-transmitter over recent years.The findings revealed that the expression pattern of H2 S-releasing related genes and that of Cd-induced chelation and transportation genes matched well in the wild type and atcsr-2,and H2S could regulate the expression of the Cd-induced genes and alleviate Cd-triggered toxicity.Finally,one possible suggestion was given:down-regulation of atcsr-2,depending on H2S gas-transmitter not only weakened Cd2+ chelation,but also reduced Cd2+ transportation into vacuoles,as well as enhancing the Cd2+ assimilation,thus rendering atcsr-2 mutant sensitive to Cd-stress.     

清代山东土地垦殖述论

清代山东土地垦殖从具体情况来看,顺治至康熙末年基本上属于复原性垦殖;从雍正朝开始,土壤肥沃之地基本上已被开垦无遗,人民开始将目光转移到近山丘地、沿海滩涂、湖滨洲滩以及山头地角等零星土地,这一过程大概持续到道光年间为止,可称之为深化性垦殖。以后直到清亡垦殖基本上处于缓滞状况。在垦殖的过程中,各朝的政策同中有异,对垦殖造成了不同的影响。     

论民国时期土地开垦的政策与主张

民国时期的北京政府和南京国民政府都继承了清末的土地开垦政策。与此同时,一些社会名流也主张土地开垦。促使这些政策和主张出台的社会因素主要有：战争、灾荒以及人口增长。在这种政策和主张的推动下,我国边疆地区的土地被大量开垦,并产生了深远的影响。深入研究民国时期土地开垦政策出台的过程,对于今天开发和建设边疆有着重要的借鉴意义。     

面向“卓越计划”的土地资源管理（土地整治工程方向）课程体系建设

结合国家和国土资源行业的现实需求,本文研究了土地资源管理专业（土地整治工程方向）＂卓越计划＂本科层次培养的课程体系问题。以通识知识、工程基础知识、工程专业知识和企业知识四大模块为基础构建了以知识能力培养为核心的土地整治工程课程体系构架;同时提出了包括公共基础课、专业基础课和专业主干课的教学计划,并制定了企业实践教学计划。