山东省R&D资源省际比较研究

本文根据两次全国R&D资源清查数据,研究山东省R&D资源十年来的变化,并与粤苏浙三省进行比较分析,观察山东省与其他三省R&D资源力量的变化对比情况。     

山东科技创新优劣势分析及对策思路

从创新资源、创新机构、高技术产业和创新产出4个方面将山东与京沪粤苏浙五省市进行了比较分析,并针对现存问题,提出了通过构建区域创新体系,实现创新型省份建设目标的建议。     

山东财政科技投入与经济增长的协整关系分析

根据时间序列非平稳条件下长期均衡关系的分析方法,对山东省1977～2008年山东财政科技投入与经济增长的有关数据变量进行了因果关系分析、协整分析,并建立了它们之间的误差修正模型,揭示了山东财政科技投入与GDP之间的长期动态均衡关系。     

强化福建省财政科技投入引导作用的思考

文章简要概述了近年来福建省科技事业的新进展;分析了福建省科技投入方面的主要存在问题;对福建省财政科技投入及其引导作用,进行了自身的纵向比较和与有关省份的横向比较,以及与中央级的比较;最后就加强福建省财政科技投入的引导作用提出了三点建议。     

北京市财政科技投入规模、强度与结构研究

文章通过纵向和横向比较的方法,分析北京市财政科技投入的规模、强度和结构,探究北京市财政科技投入体系存在的问题,并从加大科技投入力度、增加基础研究投入等方面提出健全多元化科技投入体系的建议.     

鲁粤苏浙规模以上工业企业专利对比研究

本文依据全国第二次经济普查数据,对鲁粤苏浙规模以上工业企业专利总量和相对量分别进行比较分析,以期明确山东省工业企业在专利方面与其他三省的比较情况。     

省区层面中央与地方财政科技投入结构分析

运用中央财政科技投入占政府资金的比重、地方财政科技投入占地方财政的比重两个指标,分析了省区层面的中央与地方财政科技投入的结构模式,并运用面板数据对中央与地方财政科技投入的关系进行了实证分析,结果表明,中央财政科技投入对地方科技投入的带动作用不明显,据此提出构建国家科技资源与地方科技资源双向优化配置机制的建议.     

山东省科技创新投入产出分析及对策

本文对山东省科技创新资源投入和产出的现状以及近年来尤其是2006年以来的发展变化趋势进行了分析研究,并与广东、江苏和浙江三省以及全国平均水平进行对比研究,明确山东省在科技创新投入产出方面存在的优势、劣势和需要解决的问题,分析创新驱动对科技的需求,在此基础上提出提高山东省创新投入和产出应采取的对策措施。     

鲁粤苏浙四省规模以上工业企业技术创新差异及成因——基于宏观层面的研究

本研究从宏观角度,对鲁粤苏浙四省规模以上工业企业技术创新差异及成因进行了分析,研究认为:山东省规模以上工业企业与其它三省相比,技术创新投入、产出以及效率方面都存在较大差距;政府研发投入带动能力、投入结构、企业开展研发活动以及政策环境等方面存在的差异,对四省规模以上工业企业技术创新能力的差距具有重要影响作用。     

简析云南财政科技投入的现状、问题和对策

财政科技投入在实施创新驱动发展战略中发挥着关键性的杠杆作用和支撑作用。根据统计数据,全面系统分析了云南省财政科技投入状况,通过与贵州省、广西壮族自治区的比较分析,剖析了制约云南省财政科技投入的原因,提出相关对策建议。     

Membership,governance, and lobbying in standard-setting organizations

Standard-setting organizations (SSOs) are collectively self-governed industry associations, formed by innovators and implementers. They are a key organizational form to agree on and manage technical standards, and form the foundation for many technological and economic sectors. We develop a model of endogeneous SSO participation that highlights different incentives for joining (namely licensing, learning, and implementation). We analyze equilibrium selection and conduct comparative statics for a policy parameter that is related to implementer-friendly Intellectual Property Rights policies, or alternatively, minimum viable implementation. The results can reconcile existing evidence, including that many SSO member firms are small. The extent of statutory participation of implementers in SSO control has an inverted U-shape effect on industry profits and welfare.     

Heredity, reproduction, and perfectibility in revolutionary and Napoleonic France, 1789-1815

During the French Revolution, there appeared a striking and far-ranging medical literature on heredity, reproduction and biological 'perfectibility'. In some ways anticipating ideas associated with modern eugenics, these writings emerged from radical revolutionary projects for 'physical and moral regeneration' and incarnated deep-seated desires to transform French society and make a 'new man' in mind and body. But by breaking down boundaries between public and private life, doctors did more than just try to regulate intimate sexual behaviour. Instead, they proffered a more intimate vision of civic volunteerism, in which sexual hygiene and domestic practices allowed their patients to imagine new forms of society and gave them ways to attain these socio-political dreams. Moreover, they were responding to powerful new worries about heredity and sought to counsel their patients in the ways of family panning. By the end of revolutionary period, then, medical and lay thinkers had transformed the marriage bed and household into a specially controlled environment - a kind of affective laboratory - in which conscientious parents could make healthy children and raise them in the context of specific political and social values.     

Status and Interrelationship of Zinc,Copper, Iron,Calcium and Selenium in Prostate Cancer

Deficiency or excess of certain trace elements has been considered as risk factor for prostate cancer. This study was aimed to detect differential changes and mutual correlations of selected trace elements in prostate cancer tissue versus benign prostatic hyperplasia tissue. Zinc, copper, iron, calcium and selenium were analysed in histologically proven 15 prostate cancer tissues and 15 benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Unpaired two tailed t test/Mann–Whitney U test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to compare the level of trace elements, elemental ratios and their interrelations. As compared to benign prostatic tissue, malignant prostatic tissue had significantly lower selenium (p = 0.038) and zinc (p = 0.043) concentrations, a lower zinc/iron ratio (p = 0.04) and positive correlation of selenium with zinc (r = 0.71, p = 0.02) and iron (r = 0.76, p = 0.009). Considerably divergent interrelationship of elements and elemental ratios in prostate cancer versus benign prostatic hyperplasia was noted. Understanding of differential elemental changes and their interdependence may be useful in defining the complex metabolic alterations in prostate carcinogenesis with potential for development of element based newer diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic strategies. Further studies may be needed to elucidate this complex relationship between trace elements and prostate carcinogenesis.     

Sovereignty, Globalism, and Information Flow in Complex Emergencies

Because of rapid developments in information technology, abuses of sovereignty by authoritarian governments have received much publicity in recent years, raising public consciousness of massive human rights violations to new levels. Contributing to the dialogue on the influence of information technology on social systems, this article explores (1) the contested role of information in disaster relief efforts, (2) the clash of political and social values emerging from the use of information within the international community's involvement in high-profile crises, such as those in Somalia, Bosnia, and Rwanda, and (3) the resultant rethinking of government's power within national borders, sovereignty. With life-anddeath stakes, international affirmation of a free flow of information during disasters is emerging as a global human rights mandate.     

Sovereignty,Globalism, and Information Flow in Complex Emergencies

Because of rapid developments in information technology, abuses of sovereignty by authoritarian governments have received much publicity in recent years, raising public consciousness of massive human rights violations to new levels. Contributing to the dialogue on the influence of information technology on social systems, this article explores (1) the contested role of information in disaster relief efforts, (2) the clash of political and social values emerging from the use of information within the international community's involvement in high-profile crises, such as those in Somalia, Bosnia, and Rwanda, and (3) the resultant rethinking of government's power within national borders, sovereignty. With life-anddeath stakes, international affirmation of a free flow of information during disasters is emerging as a global human rights mandate.     

资源投入、学习与中外合资企业控制

针对国内不少企业在与外方合资过程中陷入被动这一现状,本文从资源观角度对中外合资企业内的控制权问题进行了探讨。文章认为,中外合资企业内的控制取决于双方的资源投入特别是关键资源投入状况,并且是一个动态变化的过程,改变初始控制权的动力来源于学习,通过学习与随之而来的创新,合资方可以加强对关键资源的投入与进入权,并朝着有利于自己的方向配置控制权。文章结合达能这一外资饮料巨头在华一系列合资企业的控制权演变过程,从各方的资源投入及学习加以分析,从而对目前合资企业的状况给出解释和相应建议。     

Observers, objects, and the embedded eye; or, seeing and knowing in Ptolemy and Galen

This essay explores the ways in which theories and entities are culturally and intellectually embedded in historical and disciplinary contexts by looking at the development of a set of related theories of perception that emerged in response to contemporary Sceptical criticisms of the very possibility of doing empirical science. At the same time, it attempts to bring into focus a puzzle about precisely how (and how deeply) seeing itself is conditioned.