试论学校在培养学生健康人格中的主导作用

随着改革开放的深入,健康人格问题变得越来越突出,尤其是青少年的人格培养问题已越来越引起人们的关注。学校是青少年成长的重要场所,学校教育具有方向性和选择性。因此它对青少年健康人格的形成与培养必然起着关键性、主导性作用。     

Secondary school educational practitioners’ experiences of school attendance problems and interventions to address them: a qualitative study

School attendance problems are associated with a range of adverse consequences, and educational practitioners play a role in identifying and responding to attendance problems. This qualitative study explored educational practitioners’ experiences of working with students with attendance problems and interventions to address them. Focus groups were conducted with sixteen practitioners across three secondary schools. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Attendance problems were considered resource-intensive and emotionally challenging. Practitioners expressed difficulty understanding causes, although individual/family factors were emphasised over school factors. A range of interventions were described, including adaptations to school context and providing emotional support. Views on punitive approaches were mixed. Individualised interventions implemented at the first sign of problems, and a team approach, were considered important. Findings highlight the important role of educational practitioners in identifying attendance problems and implementing interventions. Recommendations include early intervention, team-work, and emotional support for students with, and staff responding to, attendance problems.     

School absenteeism and academic achievement: Does the timing of the absence matter?

A large body of research demonstrates that school absenteeism is detrimental to learning, academic achievement and educational outcomes. However, questions remain whether this relationship varies according to the timing and reasons of absenteeism. Using time-stamped administrative school attendance data among 62,841 students enrolled in secondary education, this study examined whether the association between school absenteeism and student's examination results at the end of the school year varies with the timing and reasons of absenteeism. The findings show that unexcused absenteeism, sickness absenteeism and school exclusion all have a negative impact on student's academic achievement. In addition, the findings suggested that unexcused absenteeism is more harmful at the beginning of the school year and at the end of the school year. Sickness absenteeism seems also more harmful at the end of the school year. In the discussion I elaborate on the implications of these findings for policy and practice.     

北京八中少儿班心理素质的调查研究

这是对北京八中少儿班学生心理素质的调查,两个标准化测量用于我们的研究,它们分别是<多项能力倾向测验>和<学生情绪感受问卷>.与同龄儿童的对比测量结果显示,少儿班学生具有出色的学业能力倾向,与此同时,少儿班学生表现出积极乐观的情绪感受.因此,这些条件被看作是少儿班学生形成优秀学业成绩的重要因素.     

我国证人出庭制度的理论反思

我国的证人出庭制度似乎变成了证人不出庭制度:被告人认罪的案件实行简化审理,证人很少出庭;即使在普通程序中,法律也不要求所有证人一律出庭。对于仅剩的需要证人出庭的案件,却存在着无法强制证人作证的问题:由于律师无法对尚不存在的证人证言提出异议,启动法院强制证人出庭的权力变得不切实际;而特定近亲属享有免于出庭作证的特权,法院无法强制其出庭。需要肯定证人出庭制度的价值,并在此基础上实行机制改革,赋予被告人审前充分的质证机会、扩大适用认罪案件程序、将证言分为尚未取得和已经取得两种情形以及将特定近亲属的免于出庭作证特权改为拒绝作证特权。     

Getting Ready for School: An Examination of Early Childhood Educators’ Belief Systems

This study examines early childhood educators’ beliefs about what children need prior to before entering kindergarten. Focus group interviews were conducted with early childhood educators from three learning settings: public center-based programs, private center-based programs, and family child care centers. Qualitative methods were used to analyze the data. Across program types, educators said that three levels should be addressed to help prepare a child for school: child, home, and teacher. The child must be physically and emotionally ready to engage with others and participate in learning opportunities, acquire basic skills, such as letter recognition, and have reasoning skills that enable the child to problem-solve. At the home level, emotionally preparing the child for the transition and creating a home environment that promotes learning were reported as key to getting children for school. Teacher relationships with parents also emerged as important school readiness factor. Differences across program types are discussed.     

幼小衔接需要尊重儿童话语权

话语权是社会个体所拥有的充分表达自己思想和态度的一种权利,是个体权利的重要组成部分.儿童作为幼小衔接的主体,在幼小衔接的过程中其主体地位与作用不可忽视.文章从权利角度对幼小衔接进行分析,指出尊重儿童话语权是人本教育思想在幼儿教育中的具体体现,对幼小衔接顺利过渡具有重要意义,最后针对幼小衔接过程中儿童话语权存在的问题提出了尊重儿童主体权利、最大化儿童利益以及还原教育本性等措施来保障儿童话语权.     

Does promoting school attendance reduce child labor? Evidence from Burkina Faso's BRIGHT project

Using data from BRIGHT, an integrated program that aims to improve school participation in rural communities in Burkina Faso, we investigate the impact of school subsidies and increased access to education on child work. Regression discontinuity estimates demonstrate that, while BRIGHT substantially improved school participation, it did not reduce – in fact may have increased – children's participation in economic activities and household chores. This combination of increased school participation and work can be explained by the introduction of a simple non-convexity in the standard model of altruistic utility maximizing households. If education programs are implemented to achieve a combination of increased school participation and a reduction in child work they may either have to be combined with different interventions that effectively reduce child work or they may have to be tuned more carefully to the incentives and constraints the child laborer faces.     

美国新教师发展与培养的原则及启示

阐述了美国培养新教师的教育方案和原则及对我国新教师培养的启示。