英语测试漫谈

英语测试是英语教学中的一个重要组成部分。通过测试,可以检查学生掌握语言的熟巧程度,发现学生学习语言存在的特殊问题,帮助他们不断提高语言水平和检查教师的教学效果。一、测试题的标准美国乔治敦大学教授大卫·哈里斯在《英语测试(作为第二语言)》一书中对测试题标准有如下阐述:“所有好的测试题都要具备三个特点:明确性、可靠性和实践性。即目的明确,试例可靠,易于使用。”     

语言测试及英语测试的后效作用

本文在回顾语言测试理论发展历程的基础上,阐述了英语测试的正、反面双重作用。指出测试一方面既可以为教师提供学生学习方面的信息,评估学生一个阶段中对所学知识的吸收、掌握情况,同时也可为学生提供锻炼的机会,积累应试的经验和技巧。但另一方面它也往往会给学生带来焦虑和片面的导向:即只顾书本知识的学习而忽视了语言的实际运用,从而给教师带来误导,影响学生素质的全面发展。通过对测试后效作用的分析可以扬长避短,改进语言教学质量,提高英语语言的实际应用能力。     

浅谈任务型测试

任务型教学途径已逐渐成为我国外语课堂教学的主流模式,它强调发展学生综合运用语言进行交际的能力。语言测试与评估是整个外语教学过程中一个不可分割的环节,传统的测试已不能适应任务型教学的要求,必须重新考虑测试的内容、形式、目的和结果的解释,使之能对任务型教学产生积极的“反拨”作用。     

英语听力测试设计中存在的问题与对策

一、引言语言教学的重要组成部分之一便是进行语言测试,通过测试,既能依据测试结果来评定学生的学习成绩,又能直观地了解学生掌握语言的实际能力。更重要的是,教师可以借此检查教与学的直接效果,对于改进教师教学,提高教学质量是大有裨益的。由此可见,语言测试的两个显著的功能:一是为实践教学     

语言测试在大学英语课堂教学中的作用

<正>语言测试是语言教学的重要组成部分,二者相互依赖、相互促进。英语测试是英语教学过程中的一个重要环节,它为我们的英语教学提供了反馈信息,对教学双方起到了检查和监督作用。因此,明确语言测试的重要性,充分掌握语言测试的基本理论及语言测试知识,提高语言测试质量都是当今大学英语教师所需要学习和掌握的重要课题。一、语言测试的目的语言测试的主要目的是为师生提供反馈信息,对教学双方形成一种促动,使教师了解教与学的情况,评估教学质量     

英语分项式测试与综合性测试刍议

英语分项式测试与综合性测试刍议原苏荣英语测试是将英语作为第二语言，或者作为外国语教学必不可少的组成部分，是一种全面评估学生语言水平能力的手段；一种发现学生在英语学习过程中所遇到的具体问题的手段；一种评估英语教学质量的手段；一种指明教师在教学中哪些方面...     

以进步测试评估学生的英语写作能力

1972年海姆斯（Hymes）提出了交际能力（communicativecompetence）学说,他认为交际能力是指“何时说,何时不说以及关于何时何地以何方式与何人说何内容”。相应地,以交际能力相关理论为基础的交际语言能力测试．其目的就是评估语言学习者在真实的语言情境中应用语言的能力。交际语言能力测试不仅考查学生的阅读、听力等输入性能力．更重视对语言学习者的写作、口语等产出性能力的评价。这就促使教师在英语教学中更加注重学生写作、口语能力的培养和提高。     

关于英语测试的思考

语言测试和语言教学是密不可分、高质量的语言测试可以很好地反映语言教学的效果.语言教师熟悉测试和评价原则与实践的需求正在日益增长.熟悉和了解基本的测试理论和实践,不仅有利于英语教学,还有利于教师自身专业知识和技能的发展,在对学生进步的评价过程中合理使用英语测试方法.     

外语测试与外语能力

外语测试不仅运用于外语教学过程中 ,而且被社会广泛地用作衡量外语能力的手段 ,测试结果成为评估外语能力最重要的参考指数。外语语言能力是一个复杂的、多层面的概念。外语测试结果受语言能力、策略能力、测试方法、个性等多方面因素的影响。为了确保测试结果较准确地反映被试掌握的外语知识 ,客观地衡量其外语水平 ,设计试题和测试方法时 ,应该充分考虑其有效性、可靠性     

四位一体精准命题——小学阅读测试评价命题的几点思考

阅读测试评价是语文学业评价的重要组成部分,它起到全面考核、评价学生阅读能力的重要作用.核心素养视域下的阅读测试评价应以学生的阅读能力发展为导向,以达到考核、评价学生的语言构建、重组和运用等语文综合素养的目的.教师只有掌握了“考什么”和“怎么考”,才能以评促教,以评促学.根据多年来的教学活动和阅读测试命题经验,总结出“四...     

Implementing the mandate: the limitations of benchmark tests

As mandated by No Child Left Behind, schools must find ways to improve test scores. How do benchmark tests fare as a means of informing teachers in order to raise achievement for low-income students? This study of English language arts instruction at a low-income high school investigates the administration’s use of standardized benchmark assessments over 3 years. The socioeconomic conditions for students where teachers were implementing this reform had deleterious effects. The study found that teachers had difficulty getting students up to grade level in an under-resourced program, especially with hundreds of skills represented in the standards. The teachers viewed the benchmark tests as an interruption to their classroom instruction and as an inadequate means of measuring their students’ progress. Ultimately, even the administration found the tests an inadequate assessment for their purposes.     

Instructional practices and self-regulated learning in Chinese language classes

This study investigated the relation between teachers’ instructional practices and students’ self-regulated learning (SRL) in Hong Kong Chinese language classes using quantitative and qualitative methods. Participants were 1121 Grade 10 students from six secondary schools in Hong Kong. A Chinese reading comprehension (RC) test was used to assess the students’ reading performance and a self-reported questionnaire measured their perception of reading instruction, strategy use and reading motivation. Classroom observations and in-depth interviews were conducted in one class at each school to explore what and how instructional practices supported or impeded SRL in real contexts. The findings of this study generally support the positive relation between SRL-based instruction and Chinese students’ SRL. Among the four instructional variables, instrumental support from teachers showed the strongest relation with students’ strategy use, motivation and RC. The degree of autonomy was low in Chinese language classes and was associated with students’ negative reading behaviours.     

Explaining Student Achievement: the Influence of Teachers’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Statistics

Statistics is an increasingly important component of the mathematics curriculum. StatSmart was a project intended to influence middle-years students’ learning outcomes in statistics through the provision of appropriate professional learning opportunities and technology to teachers. Participating students in grade 5/6 to grade 9 undertook three tests, a pre-test, a post-test and a longitudinal retention test over a period of 2 years. Their teachers completed a survey that included items measuring pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) for teaching statistics. Despite the development of valid instruments to measure both student and teacher content knowledge and teachers’ PCK, linking teachers’ knowledge directly to students’ learning outcomes has proved elusive. Multilevel modelling of results from 789 students for whom there were 3 completed tests and measures from their teachers indicated that students’ outcomes were influenced positively by their initial teacher’s PCK. Extended participation of teachers in the project also appeared to reduce negative effects of changing teachers.     

Common core writing and language standards and aligned state assessments: a national survey of teacher beliefs and attitudes

A random sample of 482 teachers in grades 3 through 8 from across the United States were surveyed about (a) their perceptions of the version of the Common Core writing and language standards adopted by their state and their state’s writing assessment, (b) their preparation to teach writing, and (c) their self-efficacy beliefs for teaching writing. Regardless of grade, a majority of teachers believed that the adopted standards are more rigorous than prior standards, provide clear expectations for students that can be straightforwardly translated into activities and lessons, and have pushed them to address writing more often. However, many surveyed felt the new writing and language standards are too numerous to cover, omit key aspects of writing development, and may be inappropriate for struggling writers. Moreover, most did not feel that professional development efforts have been sufficient to achieve successful implementation, and nearly one in five respondents was not familiar with the standards. The respondents were generally less sanguine regarding their state’s writing test, with elementary teachers even less positive than middle school teachers on some aspects, though nearly a third were unfamiliar with their state test. A majority believed state writing tests, though more rigorous than prior tests, fail to address important aspects of writing development, do not accommodate the needs of students with diverse abilities, and require more time than is available to prepare students. Additionally, many teachers believed professional development efforts have been insufficient to help them understand measurement properties of the assessments and how to use test data to identify students’ writing needs. Teachers who were better prepared to teach writing and who held more positive personal teaching efficacy beliefs for writing exhibited generally more positive perceptions of their state’s standards. In contrast, only teacher efficacy beliefs made a unique contribution to the survey respondents’ attitudes and beliefs about their state’s writing test.     

非英语专业大学生英语口语语料错误分析及纠错策略

在英语口语教学和口语测试过程中,教师们发现学生经常会犯这样或那样的错误。语言学家Dulay和Burt曾说过":不犯错误是学不会语言的",指出了从错误中学习语言的重要性,本文从错误分析理论出发,通过实证研究探讨非英语专业学生在英语口语考试中所犯错误的类型及原因,提出口语中常用的纠错策略,希望对英语口语教学能够有所启发和帮助。     

Relationships between teachers’ metacognitive knowledge and students’ metacognitive knowledge and reading achievement

The study examined the relationships between teachers’ metacognitive knowledge of reading strategies and their students’ metacognitive knowledge and reading comprehension. The study was carried out among language art teachers (N?=?34) and their students (N?=?534) in the last year of primary school (ninth grade) in Estonia. Multilevel modeling was used to test the hypotheses of relationships between students’ metacognitive knowledge and reading comprehension, while controlling for students’ previous reading comprehension (in eighth grade) as well as the relations between teachers’ metacognitive knowledge of reading strategies and students’ metacognitive knowledge and comprehension. The results showed that students’ metacognitive knowledge of reading strategies related to their reading comprehension, concurring with previous findings. The main finding was that teachers’ metacognitive knowledge of reading strategies significantly related to their students’ metacognitive knowledge, but not to reading comprehension. These results indicate that students’ reading comprehension may be supported by improving their metacognitive knowledge of reading strategies. In addition, the findings highlight the importance of teachers’ metacognitive knowledge in students’ metacognitive knowledge.     

网络环境下的大学英语“3+1”教改模式探究——以肇庆学院2010级大学英语教改为例

本文回顾了肇庆学院2010级普本(非音体美)学生的大学英语"3+1"教改实践:以课堂面授为主,学生登录蓝鸽语言学习平台完成个性化自主学习,期末实施网考;将学生课外的单词达人网、句酷批改网学习纳入有教师监控的过程性评估体系。实践表明,新的教学模式在面授课时减少,普遍实施大班授课的情况下,2010级普本(非音体美)学生四级过级率较之以往略有上升。新的教学模式需任课老师主动适应多重教学身份,并在教学管理政策上对学生进行合理引导。     

基于EduCoder平台的C语言实验自动评测设计

针对C语言知识点多且使用灵活的特点,提出“着眼能力、精准训练”的实验模式.该模式借助EduCoder实践平台,以能力培养为导向,以精准训练为核心,通过自行设计评测脚本,实现了C语言实验评测的智能化和精准化,使学生无需教师干预就能自觉主动完成实验,并能准确掌握和应用重点、难点知识.经过近两个学期的试行,该模式受到学生的欢...     

大学教师体态语对学生课堂投入影响的研究

体态语是教师教学语言中不可或缺的一部分,对学生的课堂学习具有重要影响。基于学生视角,调查L大学189名本科生对教师体态语的感知,得出以下结论:大学教师面带微笑或表情丰富有助于学生投入课堂;大学教师的目光与学生的课堂投入状态密切相关;大学教师的副语言影响到学生的课堂投入状态;大学教师的服饰、身体动作和空间位置对学生课堂投入影响不大。在学生性别和年级方面,教师体态语对学生课堂投入的影响不存在显著差异;在专业方面,艺术生在面对教师严肃的表情和盯视的目光时,更不愿意投入课堂;在学习成绩方面,成绩偏后的学生更倾向于消极对待教师在教室来回走动的行为。因此大学教师应合理运用表情、目光和语气语调,使学生投入到课堂教学中。     

Teacher beliefs about the cognitive diagnostic information of classroom‐ versus large‐scale tests: implications for assessment literacy

Classroom teachers are in the front line of introducing students to formal learning, including assessments, which can be assumed to continue for students should they extend their schooling past the expected mandatory 12 years. The purpose of the present investigation was to survey secondary teachers’ beliefs of classroom and large‐scale tests for (a) providing information about students’ learning processes, (b) influencing meaningful student learning, and (c) eliciting learning or test‐taking strategies for successful test performance. Secondary teachers were surveyed because a majority of large‐scale tests are developed for secondary students (e.g., PISA, TIMSS). Results suggested that in comparison to large‐scale tests teachers believe classroom tests provide more information about student learning processes, are more likely to influence meaningful student learning, and are more likely to require learning over test‐taking strategies. The implications of these results for assessment literacy are explored.