“转掌八势”培训班结业

3月18日,国家体委武术研究院在京举行了八卦掌普及套路“转掌八势”教练员培训班结业典礼。亚武联主席徐才、国家体委武术研究院副院长张山为60名成绩合格者,颁发了转掌八势教练证书。这个套路是为适应八卦掌普及和发展的需要,根据八卦掌技法特点、健身延年机制和八卦掌的运动规律,研究编制而成。全套内容虽仅八势32个动作,却包括了八卦掌的代表性动作。突出了八卦掌的技法特征和运动风格。据悉,该     

武当洪拳十大盘功

沛县武当洪拳是流传在沛县民间的一种长拳拳法。该拳内容有盘、势、法、理四个方面：盘即基础训练；势即套路；法即打手打法；理就是拳法理论。基础训练为“十大盘功”。     

武术套路的基本特性与再认识

对武术套路的基本特性进行了科学的分析研究，认为：武术套路的基本特性是历史的连续性、形式的多样性、内容的庞杂性、思维的开放性和发展的可迁移性。提出了武术套路的开放性思维表现在原创技法上具有丰富的想象力，在运用搏斗技术上兼收并蓄，导致了后来的武术套路技术极为多样化的新论点；而且整个发展过程是一个可迁移的过程，因此又能使武术套路在不同的历史条件下被传承下来。进一步归纳出中国武术套路是传统搏斗技术与理论的载体；是传统搏斗技术和理论的理性结合；是传统搏斗技术的“典范”。     

武当太极十三势推手

“武当太极十三势推手”是武当玄门丹派门内独有的一种推手锻炼技艺，也是太极拳技击用法训练的重要手段，它和“武当内功太极拳”套路相辅相成，拳架可谓理论，推手即是实践，当拳术套路炼得纯熟细腻，中正圆满，能内外合一，虚实刚柔具备之后，就可将在练架中得来的刚柔内劲，运用到练习推手对抗中，以充分发挥推手的独特技法。     

北派少林拳八大原则

少林拳法内容极其丰富，由单项功法练习的“单操”和以实战技术组合为主体的套路形式构成。     

我国高水平女子长拳自选套路难度动作编排特点分析

采用文献资料、问卷调查、数理统计等方法，从动作难度、连接难度、难度动作组合以及难度动作分值等方面，对我国高水平女子长拳自选套路难度动作的编排特点进行分析。结果表明：运动员参赛套路中编排的动作难度均为跳跃类；连接难度以动静连接为主，并且以B级和C级连接难度居多；编排动动连接难度组合、动静连接难度组合的次数不存在显著性差异；难度动作组合的顺序有一定的规律性。     

八卦飞云扇

八卦飞云扇主要以八卦掌传统武术技法为基础，以“以走为用”、“以掌为法”为要领，是以扇法练习替代掌法练习的新型武术套路。     

武术专业套路专项教学评价改革探析

武术专业教育评价改革对促进武术专业教学改革具有重要作用。当前，武术专业套路专项教学评价体系存在的主要问题有：1）评价形式采用单一的终结性评价，导致教学目标“重成绩、轻过程”；2）评价内容以套路为始终，导致教学内容“重练轻用”；3）评价标准制定过度依赖竞技规则，导致教学过程“重形式、轻内涵”。以武术专业教育培养目标和社会对武术人才的实际需求为依据，构建了“理、练、用、编、教”的武术专业套路专项教学评价新体系。未来，可探索以“练”“用”评价改革促进武术套路教学由平面向纵深转变，以“编”“教”评价改革提高武术套路教学内容的社会契合度。     

跆拳道品势修炼

所谓“品势”，就是跆拳道的练功套路，又称为“架型”，类似于中国的武术套路。但跆拳道品势与中国武术套路在风格上有着本质的区别，其动作简单、直接、实用、易学、易练，有些类似于日本空手道的套路风格或军警格斗术中的擒敌拳。     

新时代背景下普通高校武术选项课的改革

研究认为,①普通高校武术在弘扬和培育民族精神方面的定位是培养“在具备勇于拼搏、坚韧不拔的竞争精神的基础上,追求和谐相处”的精神;②在价值功能上的定位是让学生通过追求增强防卫能力的目标,来实现增强体质、增进健康,传承民族文化、弘扬民族精神的目的;③普通高校武术选项课的内容体系可按如下安排：技术课以简单实用的基本功、基本技术、基本组合、对抗性练习、实战练习为主,理论课以武术概论、技法原理、意志品质、武德教育为主,整个体系以实用技法为主。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

全国城乡学生体质20年动态分析

基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。     

定向运动对大学生身心健康发展的实践研究

采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

摔跤常见技术动作开始的发力特征研究

采用专门研制的摔跤测力装置,对过胸摔、挟颈背、拉臂转移和滚桥技术动作开始发力的力学特征进行测试分析,结果表明,上述动作开始的发力具有力值大和力的梯度大的特点,均有爆发用力的特征。其中过胸摔和滚桥主要把位发力最大,其总合力和力的梯度也最大。     

按摩器刺激对提高普通高校健美操专选学生柔韧性训练效果的实验研究

柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。     

我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究

采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究，提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点，提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。