再论西南联大外文系的文化精神 --外文系与中文系

现今中国大学校园文学创作者多为中文系学生，外文系更重视实用，进行的是语言训练而不是文学欣赏，培养的是“译员”而不是“诗人”。而在抗战时期的联大外文系产生了很多诗人，中文系浓郁的学术氛围更易培养学者。联大外文系的学生诗人是联大诗人群重要的一部分。本文从外文系和中文系以及联大的整体文学氛围对这一诗人群的影响入手，探讨了联大外文系所具有的文学精神，进一步表明正是这种文学精神造就了联大学生诗人开阔的视野和胸怀、他们诗歌中广泛的人生关照以及深刻的生命玄思。     

CRITERIA AND PROCEDURES FOR THE RECOGNITION OF FOREIGN QUALIFICATIONS

The criteria and procedures for the recognition of foreign qualifications are not sufficiently known to most evaiuators of foreign qualifications. This lack of knowledge results in inappropriate and incorrect evaluations and recognition decisions. The purpose of this article is to explain who evaluates and reaches decisions as to foreign qualifications, what the role of national recognition centres is, how such centres co‐operate internationally, and how international co‐operation has led to the advancement of agreed upon methods, criteria, and procedures for the recognition of foreign qualifications. The biggest step forward in this respect is the Draft Recommendation on General Procedures and Criteria for the Evaluation of Foreign Qualifications that was recently developed by an expert group and which, in its final form, will be a subsidiary text of the Council of Europe/UNESCO Convention.     

A brief statement of some needs of nontraditional foreign students in American colleges and universities

In recent years, a new population of nontraditional students has emerged in American higher education. That population is made up of foreign nationals and immigrants, refugees, and other aliens. Many of these students have other than traditional credentials. Some have unverifiable credentials, and still others have no credentials at all. Many lack adequate language proficiency, and many are inadequately prepared for success in the fields they have chosen, or been sent, to study. This article presents a glimpse of who these students are, where some are from, and how they are classified. It identifies some of their needs, and states briefly what steps institutions are being urged to take in order to help meet those needs.Professor Hansen is a recipient of the Amoco Foundation-Horace T. Morse Award for Outstanding contributions to Undergraduate Education.     

The application of a strategic management model to the internationalization of higher education institutions

The growth of international activities within higher education institutions takes place in a number of different ways ranging from the ad hoc (reactive) to the strategic (proactive). This paper draws on an earlier (1993) empirical study by the author of UK Business Schools in order to identify the key elements within any process of internationalization and to provide a framework for assessing levels of international activity within institutions. It concludes with an introductory model of internationalization which is to form the basis for future work. The paper is written from a UK perspective but can be adapted for the analysis of educational institutions in other countries and other subject areas.Abbreviations CATS Credit Accumulation and Transfer Schemes - CNAA Council for National Academic Awards - EAIE European Association of International Education - EC European Commission - ECTS European Credit Transfer Scheme - EFMD European Foundation for Management Development - ERASMUS European Community Action Scheme for the Mobility of University Students (EC programme) - HE Higher Education - MBA Master of Business Administration - TEMPUS Trans-European Mobility Scheme for University Studies (EC programme) - UK United Kingdom - UKCOSA United Kingdom Council for Overseas Student Affairs     

National Student Survey: are differences between universities and courses reliable and meaningful?

The National Student Survey (NSS) of course experience satisfaction is sent to final year students of all higher education institutions in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales (N = 171,290 and 157,342 students in 2005 and 2006) and results are made publicly available. The present investigation assesses the reliability and appropriate use of the NSS from a multilevel perspective. Although NSS responses provide a limited basis for discriminating amongst universities and courses within universities, the ratings of universities are highly reliable and stable over time due to the large number of students (2005 and 2006 rankings correlated r = .86). The unresolved question is whether very small (only 2–3% of the variance explained) but reliable and stable differences between universities provide useful information for benchmarking universities, self‐improvement, and informing student choice.     

The Patterns of Religious Struggle Among Undergraduates Attending Evangelical Institutions

Of the 900 religiously affiliated colleges and universities in the United States, a sizable portion (approximately 118) are members of the Council for Christian Colleges &; Universities (CCCU). As members of the CCCU, these institutions have a shared commitment to the academic and spiritual development of their students. However, relatively few studies have included data sets with multi-institutional types and longitudinal data. The purpose of this two-part study was to examine the patterns and predictors of religious struggle among traditional undergraduate students attending evangelical institutions compared to those at three other types of institutions. This article addresses the following question: How does the level of religious struggle change between the freshmen and junior years among college students attending evangelical institutions? A quantitative design using the 2004 and 2007 College Student Beliefs and Values Survey (CSBV)—which was last administered in 2007—with responses from 14,527 students attending evangelical, Catholic, other religious, and nonsectarian institutions was employed. Results indicate that significant differences in the levels and patterns of religious struggle exist between evangelical institutions and other types of institutions. Longitudinal measures revealed that students from evangelical institutions experience higher levels of religious struggle compared to their peers at other types of institutions at the end of their junior year. This article is the first in a two-part series and focuses on the patterns of religious struggle among students attending evangelical institutions.     

Spanish-Language Learners and Latinos: Two Community-Based Projects

The growing U.S. Latino dispersal is allowing for more interactions between students of Spanish and native Spanish speakers. By working with Latino community members, Spanish instructors help meet the standards for foreign language education developed by the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. This article describes 2 projects. In the first, students of Spanish and Latinos come together. Students tutor adult Latinos in ESL, math, and GED and citizenship preparation courses, whereas Latinos help students develop their conversational skills. In the second project, students visit local Latino businesses to make cultural comparisons and learn how Latinos enrich the community.     

Evaluation of Guidance Services in Higher Education in Finland

The Finnish Higher Education Evaluation Council (FINHEEC) implemented an evaluation of guidance services in higher education in 2000–2001. Altogether 25 higher education institutions participated in the evaluation. This article describes the evaluation process, findings and recommendations. The aim is to show how an evaluation process can serve the development of guidance policies and practices at the institutional and national levels. Additionally, the article demonstrates the use of evaluation methodology as a means of enhancing communication between staff and students. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Recruiting,Funding, and Hiring of Doctoral Students in Physical Education Teacher Education

ABSTRACT

This article examines trends and issues surrounding recruiting, funding, and hiring of doctoral physical education teacher education (D-PETE) students and graduates. Sources for this examination were background data collected by Boyce and her colleagues, the existing literature on these topics, and qualitative data gathered from 30 sport pedagogists during one round-table session at the National Association for Kinesiology in Higher Education (NAKHE) conference in January 2015. All three sources indicated the importance of recruiting and funding of students and hiring of graduates to the future of D-PETE programs. A number of paths were identified which sport pedagogists could follow in order to keep D-PETE programs safe and help them flourish. Unfortunately, agreement as to which of these paths the field should take was often in short supply. In the conclusions section, suggestions for future research of recruiting, funding, and hiring are made with the goal of providing data which could lead to sport pedagogists making more informed decisions regarding the future direction of D-PETE.     

Who teaches mathematics content courses for prospective elementary teachers in the United States? Results of a national survey

This article reports on a national survey of higher education institutions in the United States to answer the question, “Who teaches mathematics content courses for prospective elementary teachers, and what are these instructors’ academic and teaching backgrounds?” We surveyed 1,926 institutions, and a faculty member from each of 825 institutions (42.8?%) participated in the survey. The survey results demonstrate that the majority of institutions are not meeting the recommendations of the Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences (The mathematical education of teachers. American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2001), the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (Professional standards for teaching mathematics. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, Reston, VA, 2005), and the National Council on Teacher Quality (Greenberg and Walsh 2008) for prospective elementary teachers to take at least nine credits of mathematics content designed specifically for them. Additionally, most instructors for these courses do not have elementary teaching experience and have likely not had opportunities to think deeply about the important ideas in elementary mathematics, and most institutions do not provide training and/or support for these instructors.     

美国国家教育技术学生标准及其对我国信息技术教育的启示

国家教育技术学生标准是美国国际教育技术协会与美国联邦教师培训和评鉴委员会、联邦教育部等教育组织和机构为培养适应时代发展需要的、能有效使用技术的学生而联合制定的指导性标准。它还提供了与标准类别相联系的K-12教育四个年级段的有技术素养学生的行为表现指标。以及帮助教师将技术的使用贯穿于课程教学中的个案。这些对于我国中小学信息技术教育的开展有重要的启示。     

创造性教学在外语教学中的应用

创造性是杰出人才最基本的素质,培养和发展学生的创造性是教育,特别是学校教育的一项重要任务和目标。外语教学在培养学生创造性方面有着独特的优势。如何把这种优势运用到外语教学中,是每个外语教育工作者所担负的一项重要任务。本文从外语课堂教学的几个方面进行分析,试图探求外语教学与学生创造性培养方面之间的密切联系。     

Is there a gap between students’ preference and university presidents’ concern over college ranking indicators?: a case study of “College Navigator in Taiwan”

In order to help students make well-informed choices, reliable college ranking systems with comparable information about higher education institutions worldwide have been welcomed by many students. Because traditional college rankings had many methodological problems, a new type of user-based ranking, called “personalized college ranking” started to develop in many nations in the late 1990s. In 2008, Higher Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council of Taiwan (HEEACT), launched a ranking project called “College Navigator in Taiwan” which developed the first Asian student-based college search engine to provide local and international students with transparent information on Taiwan’s higher education institutions. The main objective of this paper, therefore, is to compare the rational, strategies and pathways for establishing personalized college rankings. In order to analyze the gap between students’ preferences and university presidents’concerns over ranking indicators, HEEACT’s “College Navigator in Taiwan” is adopted as a case study at the end of paper.     

The unrealized potential of American higher education

Alexander W. Astin is professor of higher education at the University of California, Los Angeles, and director of the Higher Education Research Institute at UCLA. He has served as director of research for both the American Council on Education and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation. For the past twenty-five years he has directed the Cooperative Institutional Research Program, an ongoing national study of some seven million students, 200,000 faculty and staff, and 1,300 higher education institutions. Dr. Astin has authored seventeen books and two hundred other publications in the field of higher education. His newest book, Assessment for Excellence: The Philosophy and Practice of Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, was published by ACE-Macmillan in January, 1991.     

国家担保：发挥社保基金参与助学贷款的独特优势

国家担保是助学贷款健康发展的根本保障。国家担保的助学贷款是优质的金融资产。社保基金机构拥有学生就业、薪酬、劳动保险和医疗保障信息,拥有与用人单位之间密切的业务联系网,拥有与商业银行之间信息资源共享平台,可以有效地监控、跟踪学生状况及回收贷款,发挥社会评估作用,促使高等教育机构为社会培养更多适用的优秀人才。社保基金参与国家担保的助学贷款,可以大幅度降低还款违约率,使社保基金安全地保值增值,实现双赢。     

Economics of Distance and Online Learning: Theory,Practice, and Research William J. Bramble and Santosh Panda,Editors

Business school deans at institutions accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business were surveyed on distance education programs offered at their respective schools. This study examined sixteen characteristics of the distance education programs: the number of offerings, the question of not offering distance education, future plans, degree level of programs, number of years offered, number of graduates, length of programs, public or private institutions, grant funding, faculty qualifications and student-faculty ratio, method of delivery, use of a librarian, geographic areas served, tuition rates, financial aid, and the successful aspects. The results of this study may be used to make decisions in planning new distance education programs and the enhancement of existing programs.     

‘What really matters to freshers?’: evaluation of first year student experience of transition into university

Measuring student experience in terms of satisfaction is a national measure used by prospective students when considering their higher education choices. Increasingly league tables are used as a means to rank universities with a limited interrogation of the reality of students’ experiences. This study explored the question ‘What really matters to freshers?’ during their transition into higher education through to completion. Students on an academic undergraduate Early Childhood Studies degree (n = 530) over a five-year period completed a Student Experience Evaluation in their first term and this data was correlated with the National Student Survey data collected about their cohorts in the final term of their degree. During the five year period, a number of interventions were undertaken by the academic staff to develop a learning community, based on the values linked to ‘being, belonging, and becoming’. The results of this study suggest that three things matter to students about their experience, that is, the academic staff they work with, the nature of their academic study and feeling like they belong. A model is proposed which aims to demonstrate the impact of academic staff, studies and the learning community that develops through social and academic experiences at University.     

A Researchon Foreign Language Anxiety among Vocational School Students

Foreign language anxiety is a negative emotion of fear or apprehension occurring in the specific situation of foreign language learning influencing language learning. The author made a research among vocational school students to investigate the level and sources of foreign language anxiety.     

A documentary analysis of the support services offered to adult learners with dyslexia in higher education

ABSTRACT

The National Student Survey (NSS) seeks to measure how ‘satisfied’ students are with their programmes of study and educational experience. Ongoing NSS data demonstrates that global satisfaction scores are increasing; however, when this is separated into disabled and non-disabled students, downward satisfaction trends for disabled students are apparent. Around half of these students will have dyslexia. This ‘snapshot’ documentary analysis evaluates the currently publicly available information outlining the support services that are available for students with dyslexia. The survey focuses upon a sample of higher education institutions (HEIs) in England. Findings indicate that there are notable differences in the types and consistency of support offered across the sample institutions. The most frequently used model is that of additional learning support (ALS), where support is provided outside of the usual class contact time. Mentoring provides benefits for students with dyslexia but fewer than half of the institutions surveyed offered this. Subject specialist mentoring is particularly beneficial but there is little evidence of this taking place. There is a level of support in all the institutions that appears to meet the requirements of the Equality Act (2010) but this does not necessarily indicate that dyslexic students are supported in the most effective way.     

美国《超常教育教师知识与技能标准》及其启示

2006年,美国国家教师教育认证委员会(NCATE)批准了由美国天才儿童协会(NAGC)和特殊儿童委员会(CEC)联合修订的《超常教育教师知识与技能标准》。文章分析了该《标准》制定的背景与过程,介绍了《标准》的内容特点,并阐述了《标准》对中国超常教育的重要启示。