HIGHER EDUCATION AND LIFELONG LEARNING IN THE GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC

The scientific, technological and social demand resulting from the GDR's advanced level of development has led to continuously growing tasks not only with regard to the traditional functions of higher education hut also to those which enlarge the possibilities for further professional, social and cultural development. The following article, written for “Higher Education in Europe” by Professor Willi Wolter of the Institute of Higher Education at Humboldt University in Berlin, presents these aspects of the GDR's higher education.     

HIGHER EDUCATION REFORM IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

The article gives an aperçu of the development of higher education in the Czech Republic from 1990 to 1993. The Higher Education Law of 4 May 1990 provides for the greater democratization of higher education structures and for increased institutional autonomy. Accreditation boards have been created. An Act of 9 July 1991 led to the creation of five new universities through the reform and amalgamation of pre‐existing institutions. Principles for a law setting up student tuition fees are given.     

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMAN RESOURCES PLANNING AND THE AVAILABILITY OF PLACES IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN NIGERIA

The relationship between the need for human resources in Nigeria and the availability of places in Nigerian higher education in the 1980's is critically examined. Data were collected, with the aid of a special instrument, on the intake of new entrants into humanities and science programmes. The analysis of the data showed that despite the quantitative expansion of universities in the 1980's, the supply of university places was not related to the real needs of Nigeria in terms of human resources. To redress this unharmonious relationship, in particular as education is trapped in a web of turmoil in the middle of an educational crossroad, the article makes a case for the vigorous pursuit of a rational comprehensive policy with built‐in but continuous planning and implementation strategies based on relations of “equity”.     

STUDENTS AND MODERN TEACHING ‐EXPERIENCE OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE UKRAINIAN SSR

The preparation of qualified manpower in the Ukrainian SSR is‐carried out by 143 institutions of higher education. There are 850,000. students, 446,000 of whom, are in full‐time courses.

During the 9th Five Year Plan (1971‐1975) a number of changes were made in order to improve the process of teaching and study, for example new study programmes were introduced which underline the role of the basic sciences. This development will be continued in the 10th Five Year Plan (1976‐1980) which was formulated by the XXV Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. We give below information on this subject.