湖北省男子中级后期部分体操运动员肩关节屈伸力量发展状况的研究

本文采用ＣｙｂｅｘⅡ＋测力仪，通过对湖北省男子中级后期部分体操运动员肩关节屈伸力量测试和研究表明，肩关节两侧屈伸力量无显著性差异，具有均衡性发展特点。通过测试，建立了肩关节屈仲力量评价表。     

女子公开级赛艇队队员四肢关节力量特征的现状研究

本研究运用CYBEXⅡ＋型测力系统，对女子公开级赛艇队队员的肩、肘、膝、踝等关节的力量进行测试与现状分析，为运动员进行力量训练提供参考依据；为不同艇种（皮、划、赛）运动员建立四肢关节力量的理想模式奠定基础。     

三维测力系统数据采集板

一、引言瑞士KISTLER公司生产的三维测力系统在世界上是颇具声望的。目前,国內不少单位引进了该系统。一个完整的测力系统应包括:测力平台、数据放大器、数据采集接口板、微处理机及相应的计算机软什。为了节约起见,一般引进该公司生产的测力平台及与其配套的数据放大器。在此基础上发展成一个完整的测力系统。本文所讨论的是应用于体育系统的与IBM-PC机构成完整系统     

女子体操运动员下肢肌群力量素质现状与发展对策的研究

如何全面发展和提高女子体操运动员下肢肌群力量素质，并使其在做起跳动作瞬间达到高度同步性发力，已是急待解决的重要课题．为此，本文采用美国产CYBEXⅡ＋型等动测力系统对国家集训队的部分女子体操运动员下肢肌群力量素质进行了较为全面的测试，并做了量化分析，旨在为女子体操运动员下肢肌群力量素质训练提供一些理论依据和发展对策。     

肌电、测力、录像同步测试正足背推击踢球技术研究

采用肌电、测力、录像三同步测试方法,对我国６名健将级优秀球员正足背推击球技术进行了测试。结果表明：推击踢球大小腿摆幅摆速分配合理,减小“被动不足”和“主动不足”影响,有利于增加小腿摆幅摆速,实现爆发式协调用力动力效果。证明“摆动＋平动”原理具有客观性、合理性与实效性,是提高射门力量与准确性的有效方法。     

SL—1型数字测力仪

在体育运动中,力量和弹跳历来是各运动项目训练的重要组成部分.我们研制的 SL—1型数字测力仪(以下简称测力仪),是用电子测量技术的手段来测定训练中的用力情况,并用数字显示每次用力的最大值。该测力仪从1980年4月开始,前后经过五轮样机的试制,于1981年12月1日正式通过了技术鉴定。鉴定会对仪器和仪器中的“数字式峰值保持电路”,给予了较高的评价.一致认为试制是成功的.下面对测力仪进行简要的介绍.     

竞走时地面反作用力

用瑞士Kistler测力台以2Hz的采样频率测定了优秀竞走运动员及熟练竞走运动员的三维力。用微光测速法测定4米内的平均速度,第一步激光光束放在测力台中心的前1.5米处,第二道激光光束放在测力台中心的后面2.5米处。实验对象是6男1女,A-D四位运动员是全国比赛中的运动员。步行速度控制在每英里8、7和6分钟,相当于每秒3.35、3.8、4.5米。作者第二阶段的实验是在美国奥林匹克训练中心的生物力学实验室进行的。采用了测力台和高速摄影同步     

散打移动测力靶的研制

研制开发了一种用于散打教学、训练和评价的移动测力靶.利用该测力靶可以测定散打练习者移动中的击打力值,以及单位时间内的打点次数,为执教者和练习者即时提供数值化的学习和训练效果信息.     

TC—Ⅰ弹跳测力仪

简要说明和技术规格: 该仪器配合纪录设备,可对跳高、跳远、篮球、排球、体操、举重等项目的作用力进行描图或摄影。感光纸以清晰的图形显示力的大小和作用力的时间,为教练员和科研人员提供数据,从而正确制定训练计划。 1.弹跳测力仪通过电阻应变原理将被测力变为电压输出给动态电阻应变仪。 2.弹跳测力仪利用杠杆原理,将台面上任意一点上的作用力准确无误地通过电阻应变     

三维测力平台微机专用系统的研制

主要解决瑞士奇石乐(KISTLER)公司生产的三维测力平台配套微机处理系统,解决测力平台微机处理系统依靠进口问题。其特点:汉字显示,容易二次开发软件,直接可测三维空间力值、冲量、矢量等项物理量。     

Soccer

Many studies try to understand fundamental soccer skills, most focusing on kicking. However, a full picture of an efficient kick remains incomplete owing to constraints of test designs and difficulties that arise in synchronizing and analyzing information generated by multiple assessment techniques. Previous scientific studies may be generally categorized as: two‐dimensional kinematic analysis using high‐speed cameras, muscle activity studies using electromyog‐raphy, three‐dimensional analysis of the kicking‐leg using a partial‐body model, and kinetic studies using force measurements and modelling. No existing inquiries have used full‐body three‐dimensional motion capture and modelling to examine kicking. The current study remedies this deficiency and defines a full‐body model capable of revealing more detailed characteristics of kicking. Additionally, it reveals effects of long‐term training by comparing novices with skilled athletes and explores new parameters that have potential to aid quantitative evaluations of skill. Results show effective upper‐body movement to be a key factor in creating better initial conditions for a more explosive muscle contraction during kicking. It permits a more powerful quasi whip‐like movement of the kicking leg. Finally, the timely change of distance between the kick‐side hip and the non‐kick‐side shoulder provides a quantitative means of measuring kick quality.     

骨骼肌的力-长度-速度三者之间的关系

长度—力和力—速度关系是骨骼肌收缩的两个最重要的性质 ,但用其描述骨骼肌性质时仍有局限性。介绍了Baratta等的表示力、长度和速度三者之间关系的数学模型和用大白鼠小腿肌肉所做的验证实验 ,用三维曲面从一个新的视角描述骨骼肌的性质     

Development and validation of a method to directly measure the cable force during the hammer throw

The development of cable force during hammer-throw turns is crucial to the throw distance. In this paper, we present a method that is capable of measuring cable force in real time and, as it does not interfere with technique, it is capable of providing immediate feedback to coaches and athletes during training. A strain gauge was mounted on the wires of three hammers to measure the tension in the wire and an elite male hammer thrower executed three throws with each hammer. The output from the gauges was recorded by a data logger positioned on the lower back of the thrower. The throws were captured by three high-speed video cameras and the three-dimensional position of the hammer's head was determined by digitizing the images manually. The five best throws were analysed. The force acting on the hammer's head was calculated from Newton's second law of motion and this was compared with the force measured via the strain gauge. Qualitatively the time dependence of the two forces was essentially the same, although the measured force showed more detail in the troughs of the force-time curves. Quantitatively the average difference between the measured and calculated forces over the five throws was 76 N, which corresponds to a difference of 3.8% for a cable force of 2000 N.     

The reliability of linear position transducer, force plate and combined measurement of explosive power-time variables during a loaded jump squat in elite athletes

The purpose of this study was to determine the between day reliability of power-time measures calculated with data collected using the linear position transducer or the force plate independently, or a combination of the two technologies. Twenty-five male rugby union players performed three jump squats on two occasions one week apart. Ground reaction forces were measured via a force plate and position data were collected using a linear position transducer. From these data, a number of power-time variables were calculated for each method. The force plate, linear position transducer and a combined method were all found to be a reliable means of measuring peak power (ICC = 0.87-0.95, CV = 3.4%-8.0%). The absolute consistency of power-time measures varied between methods (CV = 8.0%-53.4%). Relative consistency of power-time measures was generally comparable between methods and measures, and for many variables was at an acceptable level (ICC = 0.77-0.94). Although a number of time-dependent power variables can be reliably calculated from data acquired from the three methods investigated, the reliability of a number of these measures is below that which is acceptable for use in research and for practical applications.     

Development and validation of a method to directly measure the cable force during the hammer throw

The development of cable force during hammer-throw turns is crucial to the throw distance. In this paper, we present a method that is capable of measuring cable force in real time and, as it does not interfere with technique, it is capable of providing immediate feedback to coaches and athletes during training. A strain gauge was mounted on the wires of three hammers to measure the tension in the wire and an elite male hammer thrower executed three throws with each hammer. The output from the gauges was recorded by a data logger positioned on the lower back of the thrower. The throws were captured by three high-speed video cameras and the three-dimensional position of the hammer's head was determined by digitizing the images manually. The five best throws were analysed. The force acting on the hammer's head was calculated from Newton's second law of motion and this was compared with the force measured via the strain gauge. Qualitatively the time dependence of the two forces was essentially the same, although the measured force showed more detail in the troughs of the force–time curves. Quantitatively the average difference between the measured and calculated forces over the five throws was 76 N, which corresponds to a difference of 3.8% for a cable force of 2000 N.     

The reliability of linear position transducer,force plate and combined measurement of explosive power-time variables during a loaded jump squat in elite athletes

The purpose of this study was to determine the between day reliability of power-time measures calculated with data collected using the linear position transducer or the force plate independently, or a combination of the two technologies. Twenty-five male rugby union players performed three jump squats on two occasions one week apart. Ground reaction forces were measured via a force plate and position data were collected using a linear position transducer. From these data, a number of power-time variables were calculated for each method. The force plate, linear position transducer and a combined method were all found to be a reliable means of measuring peak power (ICC = 0.87‐0.95, CV = 3.4%‐8.0%). The absolute consistency of power-time measures varied between methods (CV = 8.0%‐53.4%). Relative consistency of power-time measures was generally comparable between methods and measures, and for many variables was at an acceptable level (ICC = 0.77‐0.94). Although a number of time-dependent power variables can be reliably calculated from data acquired from the three methods investigated, the reliability of a number of these measures is below that which is acceptable for use in research and for practical applications.     

Athletics

The purposes of this study were to investigate (1) the relationships between official distance and selected ground reaction measures during discus throwing; and (2) the relationships between selected ground reactions and selected lower extremity joint kinetics. Three high‐speed video cameras and three force plates were used to collect three‐dimensional videographic and force plate data in this study. An inverse dynamic model was used to determine the lower extremity kinetics. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine relationships of the selected kinematic and kinetic measures with the official distance. Official distance was significantly correlated with ground reaction forces on the left foot during the first single‐support phase, on the right foot during the second single‐support phase and delivery phase, and on the left foot during the delivery phase. Also, the right‐hip extension and internal rotation moments and left‐knee extension moment during the delivery phase were significantly correlated with official distance. These results suggest that discus throwers should drive vigorously forward during the first single‐support phase and increase the landing impact force on the right foot after flight. Also they should increase forward and rightward ground reaction force on the right foot and backward and vertical force on the left foot by powerful right‐hip extension and internal rotation and left‐knee extension during the delivery phase. These results provide critical information regarding the training of discus‐throwing techniques, and the direction of future biomechanical studies on this event.     

男子一级和二级水平跳高运动员下肢肌力均衡性特征分析

采用生物力学研究方法对30名跳高运动员进行等动测试,针对跳高运动员下肢力量发展的均衡性特征进行分析,得出了跳高运动员下肢肌三关节强弱侧力量发展的特征,并给出了一级和二级水平跳高运动员下肢三关节伸屈肌力量的合理比例。     

A new device for measuring ski running surface force and pressure profiles

The pressure/force acting between the running surface of a ski and the snow may indirectly change glide friction. Thus, measuring the pressure/force distribution may be important for a deeper understanding of glide in skiing. The present aim was to construct a device that allowed the pressure/force underneath the ski running surface (SRS) to be recorded. Pressure sensors were attached on top of a platform. Sheets of different materials were used to improve the interaction between the SRS and the sensors. Possible functions of the device are demonstrated in three applications that emphasized comparison of force distribution underneath skis selected for similarity, force distribution under both skis and a single ski as well as backward weight distribution. The results show that the device with the pressure sensors mapped pressure/force distribution underneath the skis in the applications presented, and the system can thus be a useful tool for further optimizing e.g., ski designs.     

北京奥运旅游资源后续利用研究

探讨奥运旅游概念及发展,分析北京奥运旅游资源的价值构成与消费特征,提出了北京奥运旅游资源后续利用战略的构想：建立北京奥运旅游资源后续利用决策支持系统;建立北京奥运旅游目的地形象后续利用三维测量模型;统筹规划、实施北京奥运旅游资源后续利用系统开发战略;加强北京奥运旅游后续利用保险市场建设;设立专门的北京奥运旅游资源后续利用安全保障部门。