大学教师教学工作量研究进展与应用

20世纪80年代以来,教师教学工作量的核算一直是大学教师管理中的棘手问题。本文在对教学工作量的内涵、核算及运用的研究文献进行述评的基础上,分析了我国32所大学的教学工作量计算办法,进而提出未来的研究应不断丰富对教学工作的内涵认识、努力简化课程的分类、重新评估教学工作量的数据价值。     

制度化时间视角下的大学教师工作量

制度化时间下的大学教师工作量,为教师工作提供了规范,提高了效率,增加了产量,但也引发了无效工作量、重复工作量和低质量工作量等问题。这些问题的根源在于：时间边界模糊限制了大学教师创造的积极性,时间加速文化使大学教师困囿于简单重复状态,行政管理体制僵化了教师工作量考核标准并控制了学术资源。重构制度化时间下的大学教师工作量,一要重新认识大学教师工作“量”的内涵,二要通过建立同行评议的工作量考核制度、充分尊重评价对象的学科多元性、实行“高门槛+低激励”评价模式等策略优化测量路径。     

美国大学教师工作量的构成与特点研究——基于美国教育统计中心调查数据的分析

美国大学教师的工作量是指教师开展的所有形式的专业活动的时间总和,包括教学、科研、管理、专业发展、服务等方面。美国高校教师调查的数据显示,美国大学全职教师每周工作量在53小时左右,其中大部分时间用于教学活动;教学工作量呈U型分布,每周教学工作量少于6小时的教师比例最大。美国大学全职教师每周工作量呈现出学校类型差异,研究型大学和博士型大学全职教师的工作量最大,公立社区学院和私立文理学院全职教师的教学工作量最大。     

美国高校教师的工作量与产出业绩

美国高等教育《教师工作量声明》于1968年4月得到“美国大学教授协会”的“学院和大学的教学、研究与出版委员会”批准,1969年10月,协会理事会予以采纳,并在第56届年会上通过。《教师工作量声明》旨在限定美国高等学校本科和研究生教育中教师最高教学工作量,     

印度高校教师的工作量与工资待遇

本介绍了印度大学拨款委员会规定的高校教师工作量标准和教师的实际工作量，介绍了印度高校教师的工资福利等遇情况，有助于我们全面了解印度的高等教育。     

研究型大学教师分类考核评价机制实践探索

对于高水平研究型大学而言,如何通过客观公正、科学合理的方式方法评价教师,提高教师从事教学科研工作的积极性和创造性,实现高校战略发展目标,一直是众多高校亟待研究和实践的问题。通过对现有教师评价方式和问题进行剖析,研究建立用KPI和岗位设置与聘用为理论基础,以Y大学教师基本工作量考核评价实践案例为切入点,全面展示教师分类考核评价的机制实践探索。     

关于高校教师工作量考核的若干思考

目前,我国高校普遍实行教师工作量考核制度,教师工作量是教师从事教育工作的数量与质量的量化评定与反映,是教师职称评定、评优评奖、职务聘任、发放岗位津贴等工作的重要依据,同时也存在着考核制度不够健全、考核标准不够科学、考核指标体系滞后等问题。文章重点阐述了现行工作量考核制度存在的问题,同时提出了完善教师工作量制度的几点建议。     

网上互动教学工作量管理的困境及对策

为了体现远程教育中互动教学工作的重要性,激发教师开展互动教学的热情,各校在教学工作量管理制度中给予了不同反映。调查部分省、市级电大网上互动教学工作量管理现行制度,剖析后发现,存在的问题是：难以测算网上互动教学的工作量,缺乏对网上互动教学过程和成效的合理评价。必须反思远程教育的教学组织结构体系是否合理、有效,制定科学、合理的教师工作量管理制度。     

高校教师教学工作量管理系统设计与实现

本文针对现实高校教师教学工作量考核管理工作中存在的问题,研究利用信息技术,设计和开发一个教师教学工作量管理系统,以改进现有的教学工作量管理工作方式,提高工作效率和水平,促进学校教学管理信息化建设与发展。     

高职院校教师工作量管理系统的设计与应用

高职学院教师工作量的计算是一项极其复杂的工作,设计和应用一套具有安全、稳定、透明、快捷的教师工作量管理系统可以减轻管理人员和教师的负担,使得工作量的计算准确、公开,每一步的计算都有据可查。本文对教师工作量管理系统的设计背景、设计原则、设计思路及系统特点进行了详细阐述和分析。     

Faculty acceptance of a workload survey in one major university

The faculty survey or workload instrument becomes the focal point for both praise and criticism about measuring how faculty spend professional time. While research on the workload instrument often centers on the design and administration of the survey, NCHEMS has questioned how faculty react to such workload analysis, a researchable area seemingly overlooked. In a 1973 report, NCHEMS suggested that faculty reaction or acceptance may be related to the degree of faculty self-governance, experience in completing the survey, the positive use of data for departments, and the expectation that faculty are required to complete the survey for an external governing board. Faculty on one large state-supported midwestern university were asked how they felt about the workload survey administered on campus and whether the NCHEMS' factors were related to their acceptance of the survey. Multivariate analysis and a path model helped to analyze and interpret faculty responses to a questionnaire administered by this author. Results upheld one of the four NCHEMS relationships, namely, that a positive attitude toward a survey is related to perceived value of the data for allocating faculty resources and communication in the department. Several practical and methodological considerations are reviewed to extend research on faculty acceptance.     

Personality-based faculty workload analysis

Faculty workload analyses have been with us for many years, but no study has ever grouped faculty by personality type or by academic rank. This paper examines the results of a study in which faculty at a large state university were classified according to Holland's theory of vocational choice. Multivariate analysis of variance showed that faculty members of the five Holland types not only differed on four self-reported measures of faculty effort, instruction, research, public service, instiutional-professional activities (all measured in hours per average week) but that the findings were supportive of Holland's theory. In addition, analysis by rank showed that while total hours per week were not statistically different among the ranks, hours in instructional and institutional-professional activities varied greatly but hours in research and public service did not. The conclusion is that changes in instructional workload will not affect research or public service activities of faculty members.     

美国大学教师的学术自由权利:历史的视角

美国大学教师的学术自由权利经历了"学院时代"与"大学时代"两大历史时期的发展。美国大学教师学术自由权利的争取过程,同时也是赋予学术自由权利以认识论和政治论意义的过程。历史证明,学术自由权利是保障大学教师从事知识创新与探索活动的基本权利,是保护教学与研究工作免受各种不合理干扰和限制的必要权利,是赋予大学教师适当社会地位和必要经济保障的重要权利,也是一项与学术责任相伴生的有限权利。     

Changing workloads of primary school teachers: ‘I seem to live on the edge of chaos’

The roles and workloads of teachers have been widely noted as changing considerably over recent decades. In this 2009 replication of a 1992 study, 379 New Zealand primary school educators are surveyed regarding their workloads, how these changed and their perceived sustainability. It investigates how respondents believe that educational reforms and initiatives impact on their work, their home life, their health, and their view of teaching as a career. Results from both cohorts signal warnings to school leaders as workloads increase in hours and complexity, leaving educators to grapple with the complicated balance of demands made of them.     

A comparison of scholarly productivity among current professors who obtained terminal degrees

ABSTRACT

Although scholarship is important in higher education and faculty productivity expectations are continually increasing, we still do not understand the holistic view of faculty productivity. This study takes a different viewpoint on faculty productivity examining differences by university classification and by discipline. Most importantly, we sought to obtain the effects of the delivery mode of terminal degree on later faculty productivity. The mode of terminal degree via Internet delivery looks attractive to students, but this study found that this has implications for future research productivity. These three elements illustrate a different scope that has important implications for administrative leaders looking to hire future faculty as well as students thinking about becoming a future faculty member. To capture this view, 600 faculty members from 59 American universities were surveyed. From this survey, five different variables emerged to create an overall faculty scholarly productivity factor. This factor was then compared against university classification, discipline, and mode of terminal degree. Results showed surprising significant differences between university classifications and disciplines as compared to scholarly productivity. One of the most noteworthy findings was that there is a significant difference in faculty productivity based on the mode of terminal degree. Furthermore, no difference in later faculty scholarly productivity exists between that of a hybridized, online degree and a purely online degree. Again, these results indicate significant finds which have a high influence on faculty scholarly productivity, which holds important implications for the future of the university.     

美国高校教师文化解读

教师文化是大学文化的亚文化之一。文章在分析教师文化概念的基础上,从学术职业文化、制度文化、工作文化和学科文化四个维度对美国高校教师文化进行了详细解读,以期对我国的教师文化及大学文化建设有所启示。     

冲突与合作:美国研究型大学教师评议会运作机制的案例研究

教师评议会是美国大学普遍设置的全校范围内教师参与大学治理的机构,东北大学是其中一个颇具特色的案例。透过该校校内各个群体对教师评议会的看法,理想状态下教师评议会的运作机制应是教师与行政人员之间既存在一定的建设性冲突,又互相合作。为此,我们需要重新认识教师评议会在美国大学治理中的作用及其在治理结构中扮演的角色,在现代大学制度建设过程中重视协调教师与行政人员之间的关系。     

市场权力协调下的美国大学教师聘任制度改革及启示

20世纪90年代以来,美国大学由于受到市场权力因素影响,实施百年的终身教职制度受到了更多的质疑,并面临改革。美国大学以市场权力因素影响下的院校协调力量来解决问题:继续实施终身教职,实施终身聘后评审制度,增加兼职与非终身轨教师的比例,或从原来的合同制改为终身教职制度。美国大学在进行教师聘任制度改革时每个大学总是把自身的发展与需要放在最为重要的地位,将聘任制度改革与教师职业发展、大学知识的创新宗旨结合起来,充分发挥了市场权力中院校协调的力量,避免了同质化。     

Impacts of university education reform on faculty perceptions of workload

Since the corporatization of national universities, the environment surrounding Japanese universities has dramatically changed in various respects. A series of government-led attempts have intended to support the domestic colleges and universities in gaining a competitive edge by improving the quality of teaching and research as well as guaranteeing the international validity of the country's higher education system. Impacts of all the challenges that have been tackled with internal efforts in the last few years could be enormous on the personnel workload. However, little is known about the impacts of Japan's recent university education reform, particularly on the changing workload of the faculty who engage at the forefront in student teaching and advising, administrative roles as well as research activities. Using results from individual faculty interviews, this paper attempts to link the changing workload of Japanese professors with specific reasons that are rooted in the country's recent university education reform. Reviewing the effects of the reform on faculty workload provides us with important insights for the long term and guides us to prevent the derailment from the endeavour to which a significant amount of resources have been dedicated by the country.     

Issues of diversity in academia: through the eyes of ‘third-country’ faculty

Third-country faculty are faced with significant challenges interacting with university students who come from different socio-cultural backgrounds and have different expectations regarding faculty’s role, behavior, and leadership style. This paper compares diversity practices and action options that can facilitate or hinder the integration of third-country faculty across five universities established in an equal number of countries. The proportion of third-country faculty in American universities abroad is also used to provide a measure of diversity. Notwithstanding recent trends pointing to the internationalization of higher education universities have yet to develop an appropriate institutional mentality along with supporting diversity policies that would help them gain global efficiencies by hiring qualified international faculty. This may have serious implications for organizational effectiveness with respect to resource acquisition and even the long-term survival of the organization. The author is Associate Professor and Chair in the Department of Management and E-Business in the School of Business, the American University in Dubai.