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有些长跑运动员在脚落地时有一个无意识的内旋多余动作,引起内旋的原因是当脚跟接触地面时,一般是跟部外侧先着地承受重力,随后移向内侧,这样就自然地形成了内旋动作,而这一多余动作所带来的后果是加重了能供给量的负担,影响运动成绩,并容易使膝关 相似文献
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研究了长跑运动员小腿与脚非对称运动的现象。研究选取了29名男性长跑运动员,用高速摄影机拍摄了他们在跑台上跑动的全过程。试验分穿运动鞋和赤脚两种形式进行。选用了12个运动学参数进行了多元统计分析。经分析发现,长跑运动员的小腿和脚在着地、支撑和蹬伸过程中具有很多不对称运动。尤其小腿 相似文献
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王志强 《体育科技文献通报》2005,13(7)
1·研究对象上海市体工队及上海体育学院短跑运动员15人。其中一级及一级以上运动员7人,本研究将其界定为优秀运动员、二级运动员8人。2·研究方法:本研究还通过数理统计法对不同水平运动员支撑过程中的相关运动学参数、支撑反作用力参数进行了一般统计描述、均值比较(独立样本T检验)以及皮尔森相关分析。3·结果与分析(1)支撑过程中压力中心变化特征分析本研究中所有运动员支撑脚的压心变化均呈现后移———前移的趋势。只是不同运动员脚着地位置以及压心后移程度存在着不同。既然每个运动员着地时均存在着脚跟短暂的着地瞬间,那么为了缩… 相似文献
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短跑运动员在奔跑的过程中脚着地时会产生着地制动阻力。着地制动阻力的产生会影响跑速的提高。同时,不合理的着地动作将消耗运动员产生的能量,降低运动员能量的利用率。因此,如何减小运动员着地制动阻力将成为提高短跑速度的关键问题,本文就此问题提出一些解决的办法。1.短跑时脚着地制动阻力产生的原因运动员在短跑时,由于摆动腿的脚在下扒着地时,着地点如果落在身体重心投影点的前方时,运动员的小腿与地面形成了一个着地角,运动员奔跑时身体向前的冲量将通过小腿传到地面,这时地面会给小腿一个大小相等的反作用力。通过小腿传给身体。这… 相似文献
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本文运用生物力学原理,剖析了世界优秀中长跑运动员全脚掌着地的“滚动式”着地技术的力学机制,认为它比我国传统的前脚掌着地技术更为经济合理、节省能量、实效性强,并提出了进行滚动式着地技术教学与训练的基本方法。 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论,体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关,体育与教育部分重叠,体育与宗教最为近缘,体育可借用科学手段,体育的艺术禀性日益明显,体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献
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本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。 相似文献
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对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。 相似文献
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影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用:一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成(外周疲劳),另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降(中枢疲劳).对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩. 相似文献
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结合欧洲足球技战术的发展特点,就鲁能泰山足球队的体能训练、技术训练、防守阵型、进攻方式、定位球、职业态度、球星培养等诸方面所存在的不足进行了分析,提出相应的改进意见。 相似文献
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朱新新 《体育科技文献通报》2010,18(3):52-53,57
本文运用文献资料法,逻辑分析法,在遵循逻辑学、哲学、心理学原理的前提下,对竞技健美操技术的概念进行了界定,对竞技健美操技术进行了分类研究,在此基础上分析了竞技健美操技术的结构,为系统、科学的组织竞技健美操的教学和训练提供理论上的参考,为促进竞技健美操理论体系的完善和协调发展做出一定的贡献。 相似文献