Advanced manufacturing technology and planned organizational change

Developing countries like India, where technological change is the thrust in manufacturing industries, have introduced advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) to have competitive edge in the global market. Despite the claims that attractive benefits can accrue through the use of AMT in manufacturing firms, only modest benefits are reported. The superior performance of AMT firm in terms of maximum labor productivity, superior quality, and high customer satisfaction has not been achieved. Firms in which AMT has already been introduced have not progressed to higher levels of AMT to achieve manufacturing prosperity. The main reasons attributed to how performance are human factors in the implementation of AMT that have been overshadowed and organizational structure of AMT firm, which remains mechanistic in the changed environment. This paper presents a framework to illustrate low superior performance can be achieved by a planned change process. A set of propositions is offered suggesting that superior performance will result when there is a positive change in work attitudes as a result of elimination of psychological barriers to technological change and change in organizational structure compatible with new technology by a planned change process.     

基于ZigBee技术的智能家居网关设计

智能家居网关是智能家居系统的核心,文章提出了一种基于Zig Bee无线通信技术的智能家居网关设计方案,硬件采用三星S5PV210芯片为智能网关的核心处理器,软件使用嵌入式Linux操作系统以及轻量级Web服务器,家电内部网络的无线通信采用Zig Bee技术,用户使用智能移动终端通过智能网关实现对家中各种家用电器的远程控制和管理。     

利用高新技术改造提升装备制造业的对策研究

我国作为发展中国家，要保持经济和政治上的独立，最重要的是提高经济实力和国防实力，而这在很大程度上取决于国家装备制造业的基础。针对装备制造业在国民经济发展中的重要作用，以及目前所处的困境，提出了通过高新技术促使装备制造业走出困境这一思路，并结合其发展趋势，提出了利用高新技术改造提升装备制造业的对策。     

Intangible resources and technology adoption in manufacturing firms

Our objective in this paper is to analyse the determinants of the use of advanced manufacturing technologies in manufacturing firms. We go beyond more traditional approaches and consider the role of complementarities in technology adoption at two levels. First, we adapt Teece's (1986) framework to study the incentives to use new technology that stem from investments in R&D, human capital and advertising. Second, we analyse whether technology use is conditioned by a system effect that arises from the use of related technologies. We test our hypotheses on a representative sample of manufacturing firms in Spain. Our results fully support the idea that R&D investments increase the likelihood of technology use, but only offer partial support for human capital and advertising investments. Export intensity, being part of a business group and epidemic effects are also important determinants of adoption.     

信息化制造技术应用效果评价研究

企业信息化制造技术（IMT）应用效果的评价科学与否直接影响到企业的投资与决策。在已有研究的基础上建立了IMT评价指标体系,综合利用模糊层次分析法（FAHP）和模糊综合评价法建立了IMT应用效果的评价模型,并应用该方法进行了实际案例分析。     

加强食品安全科技是确保食品安全的根本保证

食品安全科技是确保食品安全的前提和必要条件,要在充分认识食品安全科技发展趋势基础上,通过加强食品安全科技能力和专业队伍的建设,推动食品安全科技进步,确保实现食品安全。     

北京制造业行业的技术创新效率评价

本文通过因子分析定权法测算了北京制造业行业的技术创新效率,结果发现技术含量较高的制造业行业其技术创新效率却较低,而技术含量较低的行业其技术创新效率反而较高。针对这一结果我们作了具体分析,认为北京制造业走技术创新的道路仅处于起步阶段,而市场环境是影响技术创新效率的最重要因素。     

信息化制造技术评价指标体系研究

从信息化制造技术的内涵及特征出发,阐述了企业信息化制造技术实施效果评价指标体系的设立原则,通过对典型制造企业的分析,明确了基本评价指标,并通过主成分分析法确定上层指标集,最终确立了完整的指标体系。     

第二脱氢反应器设计及制造技术方案

苯乙烯装置的核心设备是苯乙烯第一、第二脱氢反应器,采用的是进口设备,已经使用15年,出现了苯乙烯流出量不够及填料支持强度不足问题。文章分析了第二脱氢反应器的结构特点、工作原理、操作工艺流程等,通过计算,提出了第二脱氢反应器替代进口设备的设计、制造技术方案。     

运用元极图理论分析我国虚拟制造技术的发展策略

虚拟制造技术是近几年出现的先进制造技术之一,是企业以信息集成为孤一种新的制造哲理,结合我国国情,运用元极图理论分析虚拟制造技术与其它先进制造技术的关系,并论述了我国发展虚拟制造技术的策略及途径,希望为我国制造业的发展做些有益的探索。     

我国制造业技术创新思路探讨

制造业是我国国民经济的支柱产业,本文通过分析我国技术创新困难的原因,提出了我国制造业走潮流创新的新思路,在详细论述潮流创新优势的基础上,给出了实现潮流创新获取核心技术的路径,具有较强的针对性和可操作性,对我国制造业创新方向的选择,具有一定的参考意义。     

基于多代理技术的智能配电网自愈控制研究

智能电网的重要特征是"自愈",多代理技术在计算机网络自愈等诸多领域都有很多成功的应用案例。文章介绍了多代理技术的工作原理和特征,总结了智能配电网自愈控制的特点及其关键环节,针对多代理技术应用于电力系统,构建了基于多代理技术的电网自愈框架结构,阐述了各个代理的功能及其协作关系,最后对自愈控制流程进行了进一步的分析。     

快速检测技术在食品检测中的应用

食品安全一直以来都是我国社会关注的重点问题,为了能够快速有效的检测出食品中的有害物质,快速检测技术被广泛应用在食品检测中。本文首先对食品安全快速检测技术进行了简单的介绍,其次对快速检测技术在食品检测中的应用进行了研究,希望能够为促进我国食品检测水平的提升提供帮助。     

Transferring technology to the small manufacturing firm: A study of technology transfer in three countries

Case histories were compiled of 100 instances of technological change in 102 manufacturing companies in eight industries in Ireland, Spain and Mexico. The cases are analyzed for the source of initial ideas and for sources of technology employed in resolving major problems.Technology is found to flow principally through informal channels within industries. Very little information was obtained from the formal mechanisms or institutions normally considered central to the technology transfer process.Foreign subsidiaries obtain the greatest proportion of their technology from their parent firms. Surprisingly, they are found to have several channels of technology blocked to them, which are more readily available to domestic firms. Domestic firms, in many ways have easier access to foreign technology than do the subsidiaries of multinational firms.Product and process innovations originate in somewhat different quarters. Process innovations are slightly more likely to be based on foreign technology; product innovations are more likely to be based on domestic technology.The results reported in the present paper are very similar in many ways to results reported previously in Brazil and Australia.     

中国制造业技术升级对劳动力工资差距的影响

文章基于Schott（2008）模型,运用新型测算方法,测算了中国31个省级区域的出口技术结构,并采用系统GMM方法,从全国以及区域两个层面实证检验了中国制造业出口技术结构对熟练与非熟练劳动力相对工资差距的影响,结果表明：（1）近些年来,中国制造业出口技术结构在不断地升级,尤其是中西部地区的出口技术结构;（2）从全国层面来看,中国制造业出口技术结构升级显著地增加了熟练劳动力的相对需求,从而扩大了其相对工资差距;（3）从区域层面来看,东部地区的资本和劳动密集偏向型产业的出口技术结构升级对其相对工资差距的正向效应明显高于中西部地区,可见全国层面的出口技术结构升级对其相对工资差距的正向效应主要是由东部地区引起的。     

Fulfillment of higher-order psychological needs through technology: The case of smart thermostats

Smart home technologies (SHTs), such as smart thermostats, are a growing commercial opportunity. SHTs can offer a broad spectrum of potential functional, experiential and esthetic benefits, yet much of the prior research on the adoption of SHTs has been limited by a narrow TAM-based functional view. Relatively little is known about the salient user beliefs related to the experiential and esthetic benefits of SHTs that may affect SHT adoption. To address this gap in research, we conduct a mixed-methods study, wherein we inductively develop a set of factors that reflect salient user considerations associated with smart thermostats and we examine the effects of the elicited factors on the smart thermostat adoption intention. We find that performance expectancy, emphasized by TAM, has a relatively minor effect on the smart thermostat adoption intention and effort expectancy has no effect at all. We identify a novel factor, which we term techno-coolness, as the key predictor of the adoption intention in this context. Techno-coolness is a multidimensional construct that encompasses the perceptions that the technology can make a home look modern and futuristic, can make the user feel technologically advanced, and can be fun to use. Techno-coolness reveals that the technology capacity to fulfill higher-order psychological needs can dominate purely functional considerations in innovative technology adoption decisions.     

制造业低碳技术创新的动力源探究及其政策涵义

低碳技术创新是发展低碳经济的根本途径,但企业作为技术创新的主体,现实中其低碳技术创新的动力仍有待加强。为提高环境与能源政策的针对性,有必要进一步了解企业低碳技术创新动力的真实状况。本文首先通过理论回顾,提出了企业低碳技术创新可能的几个动力源,建立了动力源分析框架,然后以浙江某开发区为主开展问卷调查。论文将该调查结果与同时进行的上海某区调查进行横向比较,以考察当前企业低碳活动动力的分布特征;并与1994年许庆瑞研究团队的调查进行纵向比较,以考察动力源的变化和演变特征。最后,本文总结了实证研究的理论涵义,提出了相关的政策建议。     

增加环保意识大力发展绿色制造技术

随着经济的发展,环保问题已经成为世界各国关注的热点,那些不推行绿色制造技术和不生产绿色产品的,将会在国际市场竞争中被淘汰。我国制造业必须推行绿色制造技术的研究,重视绿色制造技术的应用,生产出保护环境、提高资源效率的绿色产品,促进我国机械工业的可持续发展,推进我国机械加工企业的国际化成长。     

我国制造业产业间技术外溢的实证研究

在分析技术外溢双方互动机制的基础上,测算出我国制造业10个产业的技术知识存量在1990～2002年的发展水平和趋势,并对各产业的技术同化能力系数和吸收的外溢技术知识存量进行实证研究,结果表明,同化外溢技术已经成为产业技术知识存量增加的重要来源。     

基于人员因素的先进制造技术成功实施研究

在对已有文献整理和比较的基础上,归纳出3类共12个指标作为先进制造技术(AMT)实施效果的评测指标体系,通过对87家装备制造企业问卷调查结果的分步多元回归分析,证实了人员因素与AMT实施效果之间的显著相关关系,并分析了人员因素对企业实施AMT的差异化影响。