网络百科全书公众参与影响因素研究

 网络百科全书是随着Web2.0技术的发展而出现的新的知识创造和传播方式。网络百科全书的成功依赖于广大用户的积极参与和贡献。本研究基于虚拟社区感的概念和理论,建立互联网用户参与网络百科编写的影响因素的理论模型,并进行了实证研究。研究结果表明网络用户在网络百科系统中的成员感、影响力和沉浸感,以及网络百科社区中的社会资本、评级制度和系统平台质量对其参与度有着显著的影响。     

A method of measuring information in language,applied to medical texts

In this study, quantitative measures of the information content of textual material have been developed based upon analysis of the linguistic structure of the sentences in the text. It has been possible to measure such properties as: (1) the amount of information contributed by a sentence to the discourse; (2) the complexity of the information within the sentence, including the overall logical structure and the contributions of local modifiers; (3) the density of information based on the ratio of the number of words in a sentence to the number of information-contributing operators.Two contrasting types of texts were used to develop the measures. The measures were then applied to contrasting sentences within one type of text. The textual material was drawn from narrative patient records and from the medical research literature. Sentences from the records were analyzed by computer and those from the literature were analyzed manually, using the same methods of analysis. The results show that quantitative measures of properties of textual information can be developed which accord with intuitively perceived differences in the informational complexity of the material.     

战略联盟构建的风险感知分析

本文应用风险感知原理,分析了战略联盟构建的具体过程。对这一过程中的重要环节,如联盟企业感知风险的形成、联盟企业感知风险与其结构偏好的关系、联盟企业感知风险与联盟结构的匹配、联盟企业之间不同结构偏好的统一等都作了详尽的分析,从而从原理上阐释了不同联盟状况下不同联盟企业确定战略联盟结构的过程。     

Subjective perception patterns of online reviews: A comparison of utilitarian and hedonic values

Online reviews are very important for the decision making of tourists, and such importance continues to grow as these reviews affect not only the tourism industry but also the operators of review platforms. Therefore, those factors that affect the perceived value of online reviews need to be investigated. Although the criteria and viewpoints for judging the value of these reviews may differ from one person to another, the existing studies on online reviews have not considered such differences. Therefore, this study aims to identify the differences in the patterns of the perceptions toward the utilitarian and hedonic values of online reviews. Building on a theoretical discussion of how information is processed during the decision making of individuals, this study develops a conceptual model that comprises three factors (i.e., the heuristic-reviewer, heuristic-review, and systematic-review factors) related to online reviews. For the data analysis, 2616 cases collected from Yelp.com were analyzed by using the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis approach. The four patterns of perceptions toward the utilitarian value of online reviews (i.e., administrative reader, analytic reader, synthetic reader, and collaborative reader patterns) were derived. The three patterns of perceptions toward the hedonic value of these reviews (i.e., administrative-expertise-, synthetic-reviewer-, and nurturer-authenticity-focused readers) were also extracted. The results revealed some differences among those factors that influence the recognition of the utilitarian and hedonic values of online reviews.     

农户风险偏好、风险认知对节水灌溉技术采用意愿的影响

本文旨在探讨不同风险特质的农户采用节水灌溉技术需求异质性中的作用机制,为寻求农户最优风险管理策略以及为构建节水灌溉技术采用的政策激励机制提出政策建议。利用甘肃省张掖甘州区节水灌溉技术推广示范区540份农户调查问卷,探讨了风险偏好、风险认知对农户节水灌溉技术采用意愿的作用机制。研究发现：① 节水灌溉技术具有降低干旱风险损失的功能,因此农户采用节水灌溉技术意愿随风险认知水平的提升而增加,而随风险偏好程度增加而减弱;② 农户风险认知、风险偏好交互决定了节水灌溉技术采用意愿,即当农户感知到更大风险时,风险喜好型农户采用节水灌溉技术的意愿显著低于风险厌恶型农户采用意愿;当农户属于风险喜好型时,风险认知较高农户采用节水灌溉技术的意愿显著高于风险认知较低农户采用意愿;③ 农户风险偏好通过风险认知的中介作用,间接影响农户节水灌溉技术采用的意愿,风险厌恶型农户随其风险认知水平的增加而对增加节水灌溉技术采用意愿变得更加强烈和显著;同时,研究也发现风险规避型农户并未因风险认知水平提升而提升对节水灌溉技术采用的意愿。     

Customer perception of the deceptiveness of online product reviews: A speech act theory perspective

With the presence of fake reviews on e-commerce platforms, the reliability of reviews becomes questionable. The extant literature demonstrates the impact of fake reviews on product sales and proposes several algorithms to prevent fake reviews from being displayed on the platform. However, what has largely remained uninvestigated is how customers perceive reviews present on the e-commerce platform. Based on the speech act theory, we develop a theoretical framework that explains how the linguistic style (both at the word and the structural level) acts as a cue for assessing a reviewer’s (in)sincere intentions. We evaluate the framework on a corpus of 120 online product reviews – each examined by at least 50 customers – using the fractional logit model. Results suggest that the communication style of a speaker reflects his/her intention. Reviews with less contextual embedding, argument structuring, and flattering through non-verbal cues trigger customers towards perceiving a review as deceptive.     

裁员幸存者的威胁感与资源获取对创新的影响

本文探讨了高科技企业员工在裁员后的威胁感知对其创造力的影响机制,并结合资源获取因素分析它们对创造力交互影响的作用机制。运用大样本调研的方法,我们发现,当员工裁员后感知到威胁时,会对创造力产生负面影响;反之,当员工裁员后感知到机会时,会对创造力产生正面影响,而员工在裁员后是否能够从组织中获取充足的资源和员工创造力之间存在正向的相关关系。同时,资源获取还会调节威胁感知和员工自我感知创造力之间的关系。与裁员后感知到机会的员工相比,裁员后感知到威胁的员工如果能从组织中获取创新所需要的相关资源,则他们将体验比在低资源获取时更高的创造力。但是这种效应在员工感知到机会时,不那么显著或不存在。也就是说,员工在裁员后感知到威胁时,其创造力在不同的资源获取情况下的差别,要远大于感知到机会的时候。     

Academic discipline and risk perception of technologies: An empirical study

This article brings together two areas of research: studies on risk perception of technologies and studies on vocational/career choice. This is an important link since decisions concerning technologies are influenced by decision makers’ risk perceptions and these in turn may be related to educational and career paths.We analyze students of different academic disciplines with regard to their risk perception of four technologies. The aim is to find out whether there is a relationship between area of study (as a precursor of vocational and career choice) and risk perception of technologies regarding health, environment and society. The four technologies under study are renewable energies, genetic engineering, nanotechnology and information and communication technologies (ICT). Key results are: irrespective of academic discipline risk of genetic engineering on average is rated highest and renewable energies lowest. This holds for all the risks studied (environmental, health, societal risks). On average, students from different academic disciplines differ in their risk perception. Factor analyses show that common dimensions of risk are the technologies and not the kind of risk. Regression analyses show that the variables influencing perceived risks vary between the technological fields.     

私营企业家外部环境风险感知与企业创新投入

企业家是私营企业中的灵魂人物,企业家在企业创新战略的制定中发挥了决定性作用。本文使用中国私营企业调查（CPES）数据库,研究了企业家外部环境风险感知对企业创新投入的影响。具体的,我们按照综合因子得分将企业家外部环境风险感知划分为高值组与低值组,使用PSM的方法,估计了高值组企业与低值组企业创新投入的平均差异水平（ADL）。研究发现：企业家市场环境风险感知越强,企业创新投入水平越高;而企业家制度环境风险感知越强,企业创新投入水平越低;综合来看,企业家外部环境风险感知越强,企业创新投入水平越低。在企业创新投入决策中我国私营企业家风险规避动机强于风险寻求动机,而且低个人地位感知度的企业家的风险规避动机强于高个人地位感知度的企业家。     

食品行业突发事件风险感知的传染病模型研究

日本2011年的"地震-引发海啸-引起核泄漏-导致核辐射"一系列突发公共危机事件对我国经济和消费者的生活产生了较大的影响,特别是对我国的食品行业,衍生了诸如菠菜滞销、抢购食盐的食品供给安全突发事件。本文运用传染病模型,研究了食品行业突发事件风险感知传递的特征和过程,建立了食品行业突发事件风险感知传递的传染病模型,并以日本大地震衍生的我国抢购食盐的食品供给安全事件风险感知为例进行模型仿真模拟,提出了规避食品行业突发事件风险感知传递的措施建议。     

开放获取期刊的学术声誉风险及其预警研究

【目的】 针对开放获取(Open Access,OA)期刊的学术声誉风险,提出识别异常OA期刊的预警方案,引导OA期刊规范出版行为,净化学术环境。【方法】 从声誉激励理论分析OA期刊学术声望的构成：先赋优势和自致努力,评估OA期刊承担的学术声誉风险维度并且提出相应指标。选择某种异常国际OA期刊进行测度分析,实证异常OA期刊识别模式的可行性,并分析该模式的适用范围。【结果】 OA期刊比传统期刊具有更明显的先赋优势,但是在后天发展过程中经常出现异常行为,主要体现在发文规模、自引行为、研究价值、作者来源和同行评议等方面。提出的识别异常OA期刊的模式具有一定的可行性,适用于自然科学以及综合类学科期刊。【结论】 OA期刊可持续发展的关键在于自致努力,异常OA期刊的识别能够帮助作者、读者筛选期刊来源,规范学术行为。     

新兴技术风险感知扩散机理分析

摘要：第四次工业革命的到来,催生了新兴技术的快速发展。社会公众在享受新科技带来的便利同时,会对新兴技术所引发的未知风险产生一定的恐慌与抗拒心理,并经由特定的渠道进行扩散,产生风险感知的耦合效应。因此,掌握社会系统中新兴技术风险感知的扩散规律,对于新兴技术风险的治理具有重要的理论与实践意义。本文界定了风险感知扩散的耦合概念,分析了新兴技术风险感知在社会系统中的“耦合—演化”扩散机理,构建了风险感知的社会扩散量化模型,并通过数值仿真,探讨了内、外部不同要素对新兴技术风险感知扩散的耦合影响及风险感知社会扩散效率。研究结果表明,随着个体对新兴技术风险的心理距离与公众参与新兴技术风险治理程度的增加,风险感知在社会系统中扩散的叠加效应逐渐减弱,独立效应逐渐增强,风险感知的扩散效率逐渐降低;而随着个体对传播者信任程度的提高,风险感知在社会系统中扩散的吸引效应作用逐渐凸显。     

基于系统动力学的线上供应链金融信用风险研究

在分析影响线上供应链金融信用风险因素以及其因果关系的基础上,运用系统动力学方法,建立各影响因素之间关系的系统动力学模型。根据融资主体、供应链运营状况、外部环境三个子系统,找出影响线上供应链金融信用风险的三方面因素。结论:研究系统动力学模型提出的对策,可降低线上供应链金融信用风险,为商业银行风险管理提供理论基础。     

风险认知、抗险能力与农户宅基地退出

农村宅基地退出对于提高农村土地集约利用水平、推动城镇化发展具有重要意义。而农户作为宅基地退出主体,其风险认知与抗险能力将极大程度地影响宅基地退出实践。基于江苏和安徽的1094户农户的问卷调查数据,通过相关性和差异性的多重实证检验,考察农户风险认知、抗险能力对宅基地退出意愿的影响,同时探究不同特征群体的农户在抗险能力方面是否存在个体的显著性差异。研究发现：样本地区农户的风险认知、抗险能力对其宅基地退出意愿产生显著影响,而且农户抗险能力与退出意愿之间存在非常明显的倒U形特征,即一旦抗险能力的财富效应大于宅基地退出改革成本效应,抗险能力便从总体上表现出了对农户宅基地退出意愿的抑制;另外,宅基地区位、宅基地利用类型、试点地区与非试点地区的差异会导致农户抗险能力方面表现出显著的个体差异。故此,农村宅基地退出改革政策须关注不同特征农户群体的多样化需求,并提高农户对宅基地退出改革风险认知的能力,同时健全农户就业、培训服务体系,加快城乡统一社会保障制度建设以提高农户的抗险能力;在此基础上,针对宅基地的区位类型和利用类型,实施差别化的宅基地退出政策安排,诸如差别化的补偿方式、补偿标准、实施步骤。     

结直肠癌营养风险筛查研究进展

营养风险是指现存的或潜在的与营养因素相关的导致患者出现不良临床结局的风险。结直肠癌是常见的恶性肿瘤,在我国发病率逐年升高,由于生理病理原因,以及治疗方法使其更易存在营养风险。现将营养风险及其筛查常用工具进行简单综述,并重点综述结直肠癌营养风险筛查2002（NRS 2002）的应用现状,以期指导临床实践。     

科技期刊编辑的学科专业准入标准初探：以医学科技期刊为例

【目的】 以医学科技期刊为例,探讨制定针对学科专业的科技期刊编辑准入标准的必要性,提出医学期刊编辑的学科专业准入标准。【方法】 分析当前科技期刊尚无针对学科专业的编辑准入标准的现状,探讨制定学科专业准入标准的必要性,提出医学科技期刊编辑的学科专业准入标准,分析实施学科专业准入标准应处理好的关系。【结果】 当前非常有必要设立医学科技期刊编辑的学科专业准入标准,提出体现医学知识结构要求、临床实践要求、科研素质要求的医学编辑学科专业准入条件,并设置具体的准入标准。【结论】 医学科技期刊应制定基于学科专业要求的编辑准入标准,以适应医学科技创新的学科发展要求,并为优化科技期刊人才结构、促进期刊可持续发展奠定坚实的人才基础。     

新一轮退耕还林工程农户风险感知的影响因素分析——基于新疆阿克苏地区的调研数据

退耕风险感知是影响农户退耕参与意愿和决策行为的关键要素。基于新疆阿克苏地区1451户农户的调查,应用广义有序Logit模型,从预置性因素、政策性因素、过程性因素与外部性因素出发,探索新一轮退耕还林工程农户风险感知的影响因素,为降低农户退耕参与风险感知、激发农户退耕参与意愿、优化退耕还林政策设计提供信息支持。研究结果表明：① 农业经营收入比重等预置性因素、退耕还林配套政策等政策性因素、退耕还林直接成本等过程性因素、非农就业能力等外部性因素具有统计显著性;② 家庭收入水平、社会保障情况、退耕还林政策认知水平、退耕配套政策、非农就业能力等变量对显著降低农户参与退耕的高风险感知或提升低风险感知的概率相对较大,农业经营收入比重、退耕还林直接成本、林业自然生产弱质性、林产品市场销售损失等变量对显著提高农户参与退耕高风险感知的概率相对较大;③ 退耕政策认知水平、退耕还林直接成本、林产品市场销售损失等是影响农户参与退耕风险感知水平的关键变量,也是降低农户退耕风险感知水平的关注重点。     

Defining the determinants of online impulse buying through a shopping process of integrating perceived risk,expectation-confirmation model,and flow theory issues

Since much online shopping is attributed to online impulse buying, it is important to define this particular shopping process. This process has three important issues, perceived risk for virtual stores as well as e-store design and psychological state for online shopping. This is because consumers are both system users and impulse buyers when shopping on e-stores. E-store design is based on the interaction of customers with e-stores and the expectation-confirmation model supports examination of this issue with a wide familiarity in IT use. Psychological state is emotional responses to the stimulus of products in e-stores and flow theory, with task skill and task challenge as precursors, is suitable for exploring this issue. Grounding on the three issues, this study proposes a new research model with these considerations to thoroughly examine the determinants of online impulse buying. Flow state and customer satisfaction also interact with each other. Empirical research shows an important link for the three defined issues of online impulse buying.     

Measuring extreme risk of sustainable financial system using GJR-GARCH model trading data-based

This paper investigates the role of gold as a safe haven for stock markets and the US dollar by examining the extreme risk spillovers. The extreme risk is measured by Value at Risk (VaR), which is estimated by GJR-GARCH model based on skewed t distribution. Two test statistics of one-way and two-way Granger causality in risk are used to detect extreme risk spillovers. In general, the empirical results show that there are negative extreme risk spillovers between gold and stock markets and between gold and foreign exchange markets of US dollar, which indicate that gold can act as an effective safe haven against extreme stock and US dollar exchange rate movements. In addition, the global financial crisis can affect the safe haven role of gold.     

技术认知、风险感知对黄土高原农户水土保持耕作技术采用意愿的影响及代际差异

黄土高原农户对水土保持耕作技术的认知和对水土流失风险的感知是水土保持耕作技术采用意愿的关键影响因素,探究二者对技术采用意愿的作用有利于促进农户技术采用率的提高、控制水土流失、减少入黄泥沙量、改善生态环境。本文利用黄土高原1237户农户的调查数据,基于代际差异的视角,采用逐步回归法和分组回归法,分析了农户技术认知和风险感知对其水土保持耕作技术采用意愿的影响及代际差异。结果表明：①技术认知对水土保持耕作技术的采用意愿有显著的正向影响,技术认知对等高耕作、沟垄种植、少免耕、深松耕、秸秆还田、残茬覆盖和地膜覆盖技术采用意愿的作用强度均是新生代农户大于老一代农户。②风险感知对新生代和老一代农户等高耕作和沟垄种植技术采用意愿均有显著的正向影响,其影响强度存在代际差异;对新生代农户少免耕技术采用意愿有显著的正向影响,对老一代农户深松耕、秸秆还田、残茬覆盖和地膜覆盖技术采用意愿有显著的正向影响。③风险感知在技术认知和采用意愿之间发挥正向调节作用,在等高耕作、沟垄种植、残茬覆盖和地膜覆盖技术采用意愿中,风险感知对于老一代农户的调节作用强于新一代;在少免耕、深松耕和秸秆还田技术采用意愿中,风险感知对于新一代农户的调节作用强于老一代。户主年龄、受教育程度、家庭劳动力数量等控制变量对新生代和老一代农户水土保持耕作技术采用意愿的影响有显著差异。建议农业技术和政策推广视新老农户区别对待,提供有针对性的补贴,并通过鼓励土地流转为技术采用提供便利。