Product architecture,organizational capabilities and IT integration for competitive advantage

Increasingly, firms recognize the strategic implications of front-end product design for improving total cost effectiveness. Computer-aided design (CAD) is becoming firms’ competitive weapon beyond its traditional function as a product design tool. Yet, it is unclear how the full potential of IT system, particularly the usage patterns of 3D CAD system, may be realized through organizational capabilities. This paper presents a model of IT system configurations and CAD usage patterns. Next, a typology of IT system configurations is presented based on (1) the degree of CAD integration between assembly makers and suppliers and (2) the structure of product design information (i.e., product architecture). The product architecture of four electronic firms illustrates that information integration through organizational capabilities is more important than IT investment itself. The findings suggest that a Korean firm accomplishes a greater level of IT integration compared to the other two Japanese firms and thus attain better market performance. This study offers valuable insight on effective IT integration strategy for competitive advantage in the global market.     

基于比较优势的组织绩效评价方法及实证研究

摘要：本文按照目标规划的思想,依据q-范数距离,从最有利于被评价者的角度确定其权重系数,提出了一种基于比较优势的组织绩效评价方法。在此基础上,本文从现有赢利能力、市场对未来赢利能力的预期、风险度、成长性与短期偿债能力五个维度构建了绩效评价的指标体系,以50家上市公司作为研究样本,采用本文提出的基于比较优势的组织绩效评价方法进行了实证研究。研究发现：首先,不同上市公司在绩效评价各维度上的表现是不同的,这体现了它们各自的比较优势;其次,分别站在每家样本企业的角度对50家样本企业的绩效进行了排序,使之找了自己学习的标杆;最后,在汇集所有参评对象意见的基础上,获得了50家上市公司比较优势排序的综合结论。     

Roadblocks to competitive advantage: how organizational constraints and individual decision biases hinder investments in strategic assets

Resource-based theory suggests that unique and tacit resources may be key sources of sustainable competitive advantage. This framework is particularly compelling for technology-driven firms, where knowledge-based strategic assets are critical resources. In this paper we argue that managers pursuing a resource-based advantage are impeded by two mutually reinforcing and potentially interacting barriers: [a] structural and procedural characteristics of the resource-allocation process, and [b] individual cognitive biases in decisions involving uncertain, long time horizon investments. While the competitive challenge of implementing resource-based theory arises from the strategy literature, we describe how firms must address problems that exist at the organizational and individual levels to achieve a sustainable advantage.     

企业外部环境、绿色经营策略与竞争优势关系研究:以环境效益为调节变量

既往的文献在研究企业实施绿色经营策略对于竞争优势的影响作用时,很少将企业外部环境与绿色经营策略结合起来进行分析,同时也忽略了环境效益在其中的调节作用。本文以环境效益为调节变量,提出了企业外部环境、绿色经营策略与竞争优势理论模型,并结合我国浙江绍兴与江苏吴江89家化工印染企业的问卷调查进行了实证研究,研究发现:(1)企业外部环境对绿色经营策略与竞争优势都产生显著的正向影响;(2)环境效益在绿色经营策略与竞争优势之间起到显著的正向调节作用。研究结果明确了企业外部环境与环境效益在企业实施绿色经营策略中对于竞争优势的影响作用,进一步完善了前人的研究结论,同时也为我国企业实施正确的绿色经营策略提供了建议。     

企业打造核心竞争力的动力来源及途径分析

分析了企业打造核心竞争力的动力来源及途径。首先,阐述了企业核心竞争力应具备的条件,指出了核心竞争力的作用;然后,分析了企业打造核心竞争力的动力来源,并重点分析了企业打造核心竞争力的途径,引申出企业打造核心竞争力应依靠动态意识的观点;最后,提出了打造企业核心竞争力意味着要持续改进自身的不足。     

技术创新是制造型中小企业培育和提升核心竞争力的关键

企业核心竞争力是企业获取持续竞争优势的来源和基础,技术创新则是制造型中小企业培育和提升自身核心竞争力并不断发展壮大的关键。本文围绕技术创新和企业核心竞争力,阐述了技术创新对于培育和提升我国制造型中小企业核心竞争力的重要作用,分析了制造型中小企业核心竞争力缺失的主要原因及其改进措施。     

Performance assessment for non-Gaussian systems by minimum entropy control and dynamic data reconciliation

Control performance of the industrial process is inevitably influenced by the measurement noises and non-Gaussian external disturbances. This influence has not been fully considered in the traditional variance-based controller design. To reduce the influence, a novel scheme that can enhance the control performance is developed by integrating dynamic data reconciliation (DDR) into minimum rational entropy control (MREC) in this paper. Firstly, the influence of measurement noise is fully considered, and a novel DDR method is proposed to deal with the minimum entropy control (MEC) process such that the influence of measurement noise can be reduced, and the control performance will be improved. Then, based on the DDR-MREC performance index, a benchmark for evaluating the control performance of non-Gaussian systems is established. Finally, the proposed control performance assessment (CPA) method is applied to the wind energy conversion system and compared with the CPA method based on DDR-minimum variance control. The experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed new method is more effective than existing works.     

中国区域绿色创新绩效评价及其时空差异分析——基于2005-2015年的省际工业企业面板数据

绿色创新是新时代下区域持续健康发展和增强竞争优势的重要途径，对绿色创新绩效的评价是区域提升绿色创新发展质量的基本前提。文章从界定绿色创新绩效的内涵出发，认为绿色创新绩效是过程维度下的“转化效率”与结果维度下的“产出效益”两方面的集成，并依据转化效率与产出效益的高低组合将绿色创新绩效划分成四种水平。在此基础上，选用2005-2015中国30个省市地区工业企业的面板数据对中国各区域绿色创新绩效及其时空差异进行实证分析。结果表明：①考察期内中国绿色创新绩效水平整体呈现波动变化，其中半数以上区域仍处于“低效率、低产出”水平状态，绿色创新的产出与效率已经逐渐实现均衡发展；②绿色创新绩效水平空间差异明显，东部地区最高，其他地区均低于全国平均水平。最后，提出了中国区域未来开展绿色创新活动取得高绩效水平的一些政策建议。     

团结动员广大科技工作者 为提高全民科学素质 增强自主创新能力 建设创新型国家而努力奋斗——周光召在中国科协七大上的工作报告

各位代表:我受中国科协第六届全国委员会的委托,向大会作工作报告,请各位代表审议,请列席会议的同志们、朋友们提出意见。五年来的主要成就五年来,我国经济和社会发展取得巨大成就,科学技术事业蓬勃发展。在党中央、国务院的领导下,广大科技工作者深入实施科教兴国战略、人才强