Relationship Between Client-Learning Style and Preference for Counselor Approach

A client-counselor matching model based on Kolb's experiential learning theory was examined. A questionnaire, which included Kolb's Learning Style Inventory (LSI) and four counselor approach profiles, was completed by 205 counseling clients. The clients indicated which counselor they preferred. The following four preference patterns were predicted: concrete learners—experiential approach, abstract learners—rational approach, active learners— behavioral approach, and reflective learners—client-centered approach. The results did not confirm the hypothesized four-way model, although limited support for the matching concept was evident when only two counselor approaches were considered. Clients who preferred directive counselors were more abstract learners. Clients preferring nondirective counselors were more concrete learners. Overall, clients preferred the rational counselor approach. A nonclient comparison group (n = 75) preferred the client-centered approach.     

Beyond Professionalism: or Professionalism Reconsidered

The historical concept of professionalism is questioned as a model for the future of ACES as an organization. Two major issues are raised. The first issue is the lack of clarity of purpose within ACES and counselor education. Counselor Education in ACES and APGA usually refers to school counseling. Questions are raised about the nature of ACES and the structure of APGA. The second issue speaks to the question of the social responsibility and role of a profession. It is suggested that counselor education has strong social responsibilities, including the possibility of opening new career patterns for the poor.     

Educating Who for What?

This article suggests that basic differences among appropriate methods of counselor education are directly related to one's model of man. Two models of man, the behavioristic and the phenomenological, are discussed. Four major differences among counselor educators are described, and, in each case, the relationship to a particular model of man is examined.     

Training Counselors in Persuasion

The interpersonal influence model of counseling has implications for counselor training. The behaviors and other cues used to establish counselor expertness, trustworthiness, and attractiveness—qualities associated with persuasiveness—are described.     

The Relationship of Counselor Self-Disclosure to Counselor Effectiveness

Counselor self-disclosure was investigated as a dimension of counselor effectiveness with a sample of forty-one graduate students in a counseling and guidance practicum. Effectiveness was measured by ratings from clients and practicum supervisors. Clients rated the counselors in three aspects of the counseling interview and supervisors rated counselors in eight areas. Counselor self-disclosure scores were correlated significantly with all the criterion scores of counselor effectiveness (p <. 05). It was suggested that the concept of psychological disclosure may have important implications for counselor selection and training.     

Extending Counselor Supervision

This article proposes that supervision of the counselor trainee be extended into the trainee's first employment setting following completion of his master's degree program. This extension would be of benefit to the producer (counselor training program), the product (counselor trainee) and the consumer (local school or agency). The proposed model is suggested as also being relevant to the training of counselor supervisors.     

Needed a Professional Identity: Aces or Jokers?

The ASCA statement on the role of the school counselor is a reification. As a generalist the counselor dissipates his professional identity. Institutional restraints on the job and upon the campus lead to incompetence in counseling practice and a pervasive belief that counseling is ineffective. A suggested alleviation of this problem specifically involves the abandonment of the teaching experience requirement, increasing counselor education staff commitment to counseling, and the introduction of a paid internship for counselor candidates. Two specialists are recommended to replace the present guidance model: A Counselor-Consultant and a Career Information Specialist.     

Altering Counselor Expectancies of Young Entry Level Workers

A training model designed to involve practicing counselors in a reexamination of their views of entry level workers is described. A brief presentation of the rationale, procedure, and effect of the experience on participants is provided as one response to a neglected area of counselor education—involvement with and training experiences for employed counselors.     

The Dimensions of Common Factors in Counseling

Common factors is a concept that offers an explanation as to what makes counseling effective. Evidence from outcome studies has implications for training and practice. The particular purpose of this paper is to review the components of a popular model of common factors, the evidence supporting them, and subsequent implications for counselor educators and practitioners. The author specifies the parameters of clinical decision-making within the common factors model and discusses the limits of relational factors in counseling.     

The Counselor Trainee Portfolio

Problems with both sides of the “skills versus personal growth” dispute are presented as evidence that a third counselor education paradigm is needed. The portfolio concept is introduced as a means of assessing counselor trainees' competence against their own integrated theory of counseling. The portfolio approach, as currently implemented in one counselor education program. is presented. The future of the portfolio system is explored.     

A Role for the Counselor Educator in Teacher Education

Teacher education can use the knowledge and skills counselor education takes for granted. This article outlines a role for counselor education in preservice teacher education by describing two programs in which a counselor education faculty has contributed to the improvement of teacher education. Both programs—one facilitating the career development of prospective teachers and the other, teaching human relation skills to prospective teachers—have been integrated into the teacher education curriculum.     

中国古代戏曲小说中“痴心女子负心汉”模式考察

中国古代戏曲小说中的＂痴心女子负心汉＂模式中的＂负心汉＂一般都是读书人。究其原因,实是封建社会男性的一种人格缺陷,而读书人——特别是科举成功、做了官的读书人更是彰显了这种缺陷。此外,婚姻观念的落后,男性主导社会的现实,也增加了这种悲剧产生的可能。     

Systems Techniques Applied to Teaching Listening Skills

The application of systems techniques to counselor education is explored as one means of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of counselor education. The application of systems technology to counselor education is demonstrated by the use of the systems approach in the teaching of a basic counseling technique—the open-end lead. The “Open-end Lead Training Package” is presented to demonstrate the necessary developmental steps involved in the application of systems techniques to the teaching of a counseling skill. The developmental steps are (a) determine the training objective, (b) identify the tasks that will best meet the objective, (c) arrange the tasks in the most efficient and effective order, and (d) collect data that will verify or question the success of the training decisions that have been made. The strengths and weaknesses of systems techniques as applied to counselor education are discussed.     

基于职业承诺视角下的辅导员职业化问题探析

高校辅导员是在高校中承担思想政治教育工作的骨干力量,但是近年来由于主客观因素的影响,高校辅导员队伍中存在着职业承诺偏低、队伍稳定性差的问题,这严重阻碍了辅导员队伍的健康发展。辅导员职业承诺偏低的原因是多方面的,然而辅导员岗位的非职业化是影响辅导员职业承诺水平的重要因素。客观地面对和解决辅导员职业承诺偏低问题,积极寻求辅导员职业化的对策,对提高辅导员队伍的职业承诺水平和职业能力,具有重要的理论意义和实际意义。     

Multicultural Complexity: an Intersectional Lens for Clinical Supervision

The author discusses the need for counselor educators and supervisors to promote the intersectional nature of identities in counselor trainees and supervisees, especially as supervision serves as the vanguard for professional development and provides a more individually tailored space. This article introduces the concept of multicultural complexity, along with its current dearth in the counseling literature. The utility of multicultural complexity is explored, and recommendations made in the form of sample action plans (Appendix) regarding how counselor educators and supervisors can further incorporate the concept into the practice of clinical supervision.     

高校辅导员职业化发展的现状与工作对策——基于以江苏八所高校为样本的调查

职业化发展是高校辅导员队伍建设的基本取向。基于对江苏省八所高校的调查表明,当前高校辅导员的职业化发展呈现出积极的态势。高校辅导员队伍的总体素质、职业素养及工作状态受到了学生的好评,辅导员队伍建设普遍受到高校的重视。与此同时,辅导员的职业化发展在思想理念及工作实践等方面还存在若干问题和薄弱环节,应当从更新理念、统筹协调、完善制度、分层管理、搭建平台、考评激励和学科支撑等方面着眼,进一步加强和改进辅导员队伍建设。     

Contracting in Consultation: Training Guidelines and Examples

Proposals for expansion of the role of the counselor to that of behavioral scientist, deliverer of indirect service, and consultant are cited as precedents for this discussion. The need for training materials related to specific consulting skills is suggested. Contracting, a specific skill component of consultation, is operationally defined. Guidelines for conceptualizing contracts along with case examples are offered as a basis for training modules for counselor education courses in consultation.     

Effects of Counselor's Ordinal Position When Involved in Role Play Practice in Triads

To investigate the effects of the order of being the counselor when involved in role-play practice, 36 novice trainees were assigned to counseling triads and then to the levels of ordinal position—counselor first, second, or third. Each participant also served as a client and as an observer within the triad. No difference among the three ordinal positions was found in the trainees' abilities to produce reflection of feeling responses. Similarly, there were no differences between those trainees who functioned as as observers before being the role-play counselor. There was a significant positive linear trend, however, for ordinal position (i.e., the accuracy of the trainees' reflection of feeling responses steadily improved from first counselor role play to third counselor role play). These results are discussed from a social-learning theory perspective.     

Relevant Training for Relevant Roles: A Model for Educating Inner-City Counselors

The inner-city counselor is expected to enter into his role with an understanding of his students and their culture, as well as with a knowledge of the processes of social change and his own potential contribution. Present programs of counselor education do not tend to provide the basis for development of these wide-ranging skills. It is suggested that counselor education should place potential counselors in public school settings working in teams with practicing counselors, providing relevant experience for future counselors and invigorating contacts for future supervisors. Course work would be inter-disciplinary and provided in the public school milieu.     

The Impact of Recent Academic Due Process Decisions on Counselor Education Programs

Although fairly recent to higher education, the broad concept and specifications of due process have had a major impact on the day-to-day operations of educational institutions. The due process concept and its accompanying rights and responsibilities is particularly applicable to counselor education programs in situations where a student is terminated from a degree program. This article discusses a recent United States Supreme Court decision involving a medical student in which the Court established guidelines for academic dismissals and terminations that are now applicable to counselor education programs.