尊重：儿童立场的起点

教育应有自己鲜明的立场。儿童立场,是现代教育的根本立场。儿童立场,就是遵循儿童成长的规律,研究儿童的心理,把儿童当主体,做到想儿童之所想,为儿童之所为。简而言之,儿童第一。构建儿童立场,首要的关键就是尊重。尊重儿童的生命,尊重儿童的自由,尊重儿童的权利,把儿童当作儿童。     

陶行知的学生观及其践行

陶行知学生观的重大价值只有在践行中才能得到体现。践行陶行知的学生观,必须信仰儿童是主人,热爱儿童,真正重视儿童;必须瞄准儿童,从儿童出发,为了儿童的生活;必须加入儿童队伍,与儿童共同生活,向儿童学习;必须当好儿童的顾问,做儿童的导师,激发儿童的主人意识和创造精神,还要做到学术儿童化。     

让儿童成为儿童问题的研究者——促进儿童参与研究的策略

倡导儿童参与儿童问题研究的理论基础是儿童权利和儿童发展。本文从儿童参与儿童问题研究的领域和程度、研究设计与实施、推动策略等,探讨了儿童在儿童研究中的角色转变。儿童参与儿童问题的研究涉及家庭生活、学校教育、社会及其他与儿童利益相关的各个领域,各领域中儿童参与的程度存在差异。在推动儿童参与研究的过程中,应注意研究伦理、研究结构调整、儿童发展等问题。让儿童成为儿童问题研究的领导者关键策略在于,给予儿童研究技能指导,信任儿童能完成研究任务。     

儿童权力缺位及其应对策略

在大力倡导保护儿童权利的过程中,儿童权利仍屡遭侵害。主要原因在于民众的儿童权力意识淡薄,儿童权力实现存在依赖性,成人权力对儿童权力的弩驾。为使儿童权力成为可能,应普及民众的"儿童权力"意识,培养儿童正确的"儿童权力"观念,完善"儿童权力"的法律法规,建立独立的"儿童权力"机构。通过对儿童权力与儿童权利的关系探讨,提出赋予儿童适当权力是保障儿童基本权利得以实现的良方。基于此,从揭示儿童权力的现实表征出发,对儿童权力缺位的原因深层剖析,并进一步为儿童权力成为可能提出了建议。     

苏霍姆林斯基儿童教育观及其启示

苏霍姆林斯基儿童教育观主要内容包括训练儿童的语言能力、对儿童美的教育、对儿童进行爱国主义教育、培养儿童的抽象思维、培养儿童的动手能力、培养儿童的创作精神等方面。苏霍姆林斯基儿童教育观给我们以启示:还儿童以儿童世界;加强儿童教育与生活的有机联系;重视儿童课程资源开发与利用;培养儿童的创造力和探究精神;保护儿童的想象力。     

儿童道德的"深层语法"与"道德教化"

儿童道德关乎儿童的成长.在儿童的成长中,儿童道德具有道德的"深层语法",即儿童之间的"爱"与"公正".根据儿童的年龄特征,儿童具有自身的道德逻辑,儿童的道德认知是一种"受限的理性",儿童的道德情感是儿童道德逻辑的首要特征,儿童的道德行为是儿童道德认知基础上的道德情感结出的硕果.由于儿童具有自身的道德逻辑,儿童的道德教化就要考虑到儿童的道德智慧,通过儿童的生命叙事,激发儿童的道德情感,在情感的作用下,通过交往、体验,实现儿童的道德内化.     

让快乐在课堂里飞扬

儿童教育的全部使命可以概括为12个字,那就是“发现儿童、解放儿童、发展儿童”。发现儿童是发现儿童的特点及其规律,解放儿童是打破对儿童的各种束缚,发展儿童是促进儿童全面协调成长。儿童心理学研究表明：多数儿童情感外显,好动、喜欢新奇刺激,几乎每个孩子都喜欢别人的夸奖。为了全面调动孩子们的学习积极性．解放儿童、发展儿童,我从培养学生兴趣做起。     

儿童的道德逻辑与道德教化

儿童道德关乎儿童的成长。在儿童的成长中,儿童道德具有道德的“深层语法”,即儿童之间的“爱”与“公正”。根据儿童的年龄特征,儿童具有自身的道德逻辑,儿童的道德情感是儿童道德逻辑的首要特征,儿童的道德教化就要考虑到儿童的道德智慧,通过儿童的生命叙事,激发儿童的道德情感,在情感的作用下通过交往、体验,实现儿童的道德内化。     

儿童人类学的儿童观及启示

儿童人类学的儿童观可以概括为如下3个主要方面:文化之网上的儿童、主位的儿童、具体的儿童。儿童人类学的儿童观对分析教育问题很有价值,例如对当今贫困地区儿童教育、儿童个性发展、儿童自主发展这3个议题进行的分析。     

论儿童的天性与父母的育儿观念

儿童的天性与生俱来,它规定着儿童的发展方向,影响着儿童的发展进程,是促进儿童发展的内在本源.儿童的天性本应受到父母的尊重和保护,但儿童这种内在的力量与父母对儿童的要求逐渐产生冲突.为了让儿童自由快乐地成长,父母应树立科学正确的育儿观念,了解儿童,发现儿童,尊重儿童的天性,顺应儿童的自然成长.     

Do you see what I see? School perspectives of deaf children,hearing children and their parents☆

Perspectives on academic and social aspects of children’s school experiences were obtained from deaf and hearing children and their (deaf or hearing) parents. Possible differences between (1) the views of children and their parents and (2) those of hearing children and their parents compared to deaf children and their parents were of particular interest. Overall, parents gave their children higher school friendship ratings than the children gave themselves, and hearing children and their parents were more positive about children’s friendships than were deaf children and their parents. Both children and parents also saw deaf children as less successful in reading than hearing children. However, deaf children having deaf parents, attending a school for the deaf and using sign language at home all were associated with more positive perceptions of social success. Use of cochlear implants was not associated with perceptions of greater academic or social success. These and related findings are discussed in the context of parent and child perspectives on social and academic functioning and particular challenges confronted by deaf children in regular school settings.     

流动对儿童意味着什么——对一项心理学研究的再思考

作为一个社会处境不利群体,流动儿童问题倍受关注也倍受争议。本研究从认知和人格两个角度来探讨流动儿童心理发展现状,结果发现:流动儿童的创造力水平与城市儿童无差异,显著高于农村儿童;流动儿童的自尊水平同农村儿童无差异,并显著低于城市儿童;流动带来的家庭环境和教育环境的变化对儿童心理发展具有重要意义。     

流浪儿童的性格与行为特点研究

本研究以235名男生（其中流浪儿童75名，流动儿童88名，处境正常儿童72名）为被试，采用问卷法，通过流浪儿童与流动儿童及处境正常儿童在性格和行为各重要指标上的比较来分析流浪儿童的性格和行为特点。结果表明：（1）与流动儿童及处境正常儿童相比，流浪儿童的自控能力、自我概念水平较低，享乐取向和潜在犯罪倾向较高，更倾向于外部归因；（2）流浪儿童的依赖、焦虑、退缩、冲动、夸大等行为更多，更具攻击倾向。     

A comparison of social skills in Turkish children with visual impairments,children with intellectual impairments and typically developing children

The purpose of this study was to compare the social skills of five groups of children: children with visual impairments attending inclusive education schools, children with visual impairments attending schools for the blind, children with intellectual impairments attending inclusive education schools, children with intellectual impairments attending segregated special education schools, and typically developing children. A hundred and sixty-nine children aged from 7 to 12 participated in the study. The children's social skills were rated by their teachers on the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS) – Turkish Form. The results suggested significant group differences between children attending inclusive education schools and children attending special education schools. Analysis of the findings indicated that children with visual impairments and children with intellectual impairments had poorer social skills than typically developing children; however children with visual impairments and children with intellectual impairments attending inclusive education schools had higher social skills than children attending segregated special education schools. The findings of the study were discussed and suggestions for future research were provided.     

论卢梭的儿童教育观

卢梭的儿童观给现代教育以重要启示:尊重儿童、解放儿童。解放儿童应从四个方面着手:让儿童主动探索学习,让儿童创造性地学习,把儿童从传统的师生关系束缚中解放出来,把儿童从家庭、教师和社会所寄予的沉重期望中解放出来。     

解构与建构:走向“独立”的儿童身体观

儿童身体观是社会大众对儿童身体的总体认知。儿童身体观直接影响儿童身体地位,作用于儿童身体锻炼方法与过程。通过解构儿童身体观,分析儿童身体与儿童、教育、社会三者的关系,批判目前儿童身心二元论的身体观,并且以现象学为切入点,重新建构儿童独立身体观。儿童身体是儿童存在于世界上的基本形式,应树立以下三方面独立儿童观:一是儿童身体是“流动的身体”,身体锻炼需全面化;二是儿童身体是“发展的身体”,儿童身体研究需科学化;三是儿童身体是“在场的身体”,儿童游戏活动情境设计需自然化。     

A comparative study of children's attitudes towards deaf children,children in wheelchairs and blind children in Greece and in the UK

This comparative study explores the attitudes of children towards deaf children, children in wheelchairs and blind children in Greece and in the UK. A total of 463 children participated in this study, with 229 children from Greece and 234 children from the UK, in the fifth and sixth grades in primary schools. The views of the children were elicited with the use of an attitude scale. The roles of prior contact and current contact were examined. Results indicated that all children were positive towards the three categories of children and that girls were more positive than boys. Comparative findings showed that children's attitudes in the two countries differed in several ways. Children in Greece were more positive than children in the UK. However, children attending schools with special education units in Greece held more negative attitudes than children attending schools with special education units in the UK. Also, children in Greece who had prior contact with deaf children were less favourable towards deaf children compared with children in the UK. Furthermore, the results indicated that children held positive attitudes at a superficial level, expressing mostly social and emotional concern, and not a willingness to interact with these children. The findings stimulate a discussion regarding the impact of sociocultural characteristics upon children's attitudes towards children with special educational needs.     

“荧惑说”与“童子之情”——从童谣的历史变迁透析传统儿童观和儿童教育观

传统社会视儿童为“小大人”或成人的附庸,这种儿童观深刻影响了童谣与儿童的关系。童谣自诞生之日起即与政治生活缠杂不清,远离儿童。王阳明提出儿童教育当顺应“童子之情”后,童谣才见转折,开始贴近儿童和儿童生活。清末时,在“西学东渐”浪潮的冲击下,传统儿童教育踏入近代的门槛。而就在这一时期,涌现出了大量真正意义上的童谣集。故此,童谣发展的历史恰好清晰地反映了传统儿童观和儿童教育观变化的历史。     

留守与流动儿童的网络成瘾现状及其心理健康与人际关系

为调查流动和留守儿童网络成瘾倾向发生率,探讨两类儿童心理健康、人际关系和网络成瘾倾向的关系,使用问卷法测查了3416名流动儿童、留守儿童和农村普通儿童,发现（1）流动儿童、留守儿童和普通儿童的网络成瘾倾向比率分别为12．99％、6．83％和6．82％。（2）初中女生的网络成瘾得分显著高于小学女生,男女流动儿童的网络成瘾得分均显著大于对应性别的留守儿童和农村普通儿童。（3）留守与流动儿童的网络成瘾倾向组与非网络成瘾倾向组相比,均存在较差的心理健康和人际关系。（4）留守和流动儿童中网络成瘾倾向组的心理健康状况比普通儿童的网络成瘾倾向组更差。     

积极愉悦：让游戏回归幼儿立场

游戏是幼儿最基本的活动方式,幼儿游戏应该从幼儿出发,树立游戏的幼儿立场。然而,现在的幼儿教育实践中却普遍存着游戏的非幼儿立场：“为了教学而游戏”“为了游戏而游戏”。文章通过对这两类游戏立场的批判,认为积极愉悦是幼儿立场的应有之义,并提出了游戏幼儿立场的实现路径。