Narrative understanding: Developing a theoretical context for understanding how children make meaning in classroom settings

Drawing on research in several disciplines, I examine recent developments in social and cultural approaches to understanding child development. I argue the case for considering narrative understanding as a key aspect of meaning-making. The implications of this case are discussed in the context of educational research and classroom practice.     

翻译中语境对意义理解的影响

没有语境,就没有文本。脱离了语境要想准确理解文本的意义是不可能的,因为脱离了语境,意义本身存在着多义性和歧义性。在翻译过程中,语境对文本意义的确定起着决定性的作用。译者必须通过语境才能抓住原文的意义。本文通过把语境分成三类——语言语境、情景语境和文化语境,探讨了翻译中语境对文本意义的制约作用。     

新课程背景下课堂教学目标的设计与实施

课堂教学必须有明确目标,这应该没有异议.但在开展新课程倡导的自主学习、研究性学习时,一些教师似乎淡化了课堂教学目标,对课堂教学目标的重视程度不够,在设计、实施课堂教学目标时不可避免地存在诸多问题.本文试图在论证课堂教学目标重要性的基础上,探讨新课程背景下课堂教学目标设计的基本原则、实施的注意事项,以期时中小学教师有所裨益.     

Student understanding and application of science concepts in the context of an integrated curriculum setting

The integration of science with other disciplines is a popular curriculum reform strategy. However, there is an absence of empirical research into how students understand and apply science concepts in integrated curricula settings. This case study focuses on three pairs of Year 9 students and their understanding and application of the concepts of electrical circuit and current in the construction of a solar-powered boat. Our results revealed some limited evidence of students applying formal science knowledge to complete their projects and bridge the discipline boundaries. However, students did not always hold and use the accepted scientific view of electrical current as they undertook their projects. We conclude that integrated approaches to teaching science may be appropriate to engage students in using scientific knowledge as a tool to solve real-world problems, but raise some questions as to whether they improve conceptual understanding.     

论教师在“以学习者为中心”的课堂教学中的角色

从教师的视角考察了“以学习者为中心”的教学方式的内涵，试图揭示“以学习者为中心”与教师角色之间的关系，并就教师在“以学习者为中心”的教学方式中所扮演的角色以及所承担的责任进行了详细的论述。     

Teacher identity in the context of literacy teaching: Three explorations of classroom positioning and interaction in secondary schools

This article presents the results of three separate studies of literacy teaching and learning in the U.S. that explore the social functions of language, specifically focused on the identity development of literacy learners and teachers. Each study offers a detailed account of how literate identities are constructed and enacted and the positive and negative consequences that occur for teachers and students when they are enacted. Taken together, these three studies demonstrate how teachers' and students' understandings of identity can promote or inhibit literacy teaching and learning.     

论教师在"以学习者为中心"的课堂教学中的角色

从教师的视角考察了"以学习者为中心"的教学方式的内涵,试图揭示"以学习者为中心"与教师角色之间的关系,并就教师在"以学习者为中心"的教学方式中所扮演的角色以及所承担的责任进行了详细的论述.     

Teacher and school characteristics and their influence on curriculum implementation

Reform‐based curriculum materials have been suggested as a mechanism to make inquiry‐based instruction more prevalent in secondary science classrooms, specifically when accompanied by comprehensive professional development (Loucks‐Horsley, Hewson, Love, & Stiles, 1998 ; Powell & Anderson, 2002 ). This research examines the implementation of a reform‐based high school chemistry curriculum in a large, urban school district. We explicitly consider the role of the teachers' knowledge and beliefs in their implementation of the reform‐based chemistry curriculum, as well as school level factors. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected in the form of beliefs interviews and classroom observations from 27 high school chemistry teachers. Analysis of the data revealed that implementation of the curriculum was strongly influenced by the teachers' beliefs about teaching and learning, and the presence of a supportive network at their school sites. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 44: 883–907, 2007     

Relationships in the classroom: The child and the context

The primary purpose of this study was for teacher education students to develop a framework for assessing the performance of children in their current ecology or environment. To that end, data were collected relevant to child and context variables that might influence learning. Relationships between variables emerged that are of interest and provocative of further study. A discriminant analysis revealed that children who were identified as being hyperactive and as having academic problems tended to be male, Anglo, and from a large family. Although it is much too early to use this model to predict or classify, if replicated, patterns might be identified that would contribute to instructional decision making.     

英汉翻译中语境问题的探讨

英汉翻译的过程是多角度、多层次的,更是是语言内容、形式、语义、文化等方面的综合交流。本文强调了语境分析在英汉翻译中的重要作用,并结合实例从语篇语境、情景语境、文化语境三方面重点探讨了如何在英汉翻译中进行语境分析。     

A review of curriculum in the UK: internationalising in a changing context

The present article focuses on the growing emphasis on international dimensions of the curriculum in the UK. Educators and policymakers increasingly grapple with the thorny issue of how best to prepare future generations for life in a world changing so rapidly that no-one is able to predict precisely what knowledge and skills will be relevant for the adult of tomorrow. Overlapping with debate relating to the national context is that pertaining to the global environment, which manifests itself in current educational discourse relating to a growing number of concepts such as global citizenship education, international education, development education, world studies, and education for international understanding. Beginning with consideration of the curriculum context, this article highlights the growing number of international curriculum programmes being developed and offered worldwide, and in the UK in particular, before considering some of the reasons behind this growth and the implications of increased interest in programmes with an international focus.     

新课程背景下思想政治课堂有效提问的实践探索

课堂提问是一项综合性教学艺术,是一种最直接的师生双边活动,也是教学中使用频率最高的教学手段,更是教学成功的基础。在思想政治新课程教学中,教师若能重视课堂提问的艺术性,善加指点,可以激发学生的内在驱动力,活跃课堂气氛,促进学生思维发展,启迪学生的心智,从而取得良好的教育教学效果。     

Teacher efficacy of pre-service teachers in Taiwan: The influence of classroom teaching and group discussions

The greatest benefit of teacher preparation programs is field-related training where pre-service teachers contextualize the learned knowledge and theories with tasks and students during training. This preliminary study is based on the collaboration between a teacher training program and an elementary school to investigate the effect that exposure to various sources of teacher efficacy has on pre-service teachers in Taiwan. The results of this study show some influences of classroom experience and group discussions on the teaching efficacy of this group of pre-service teachers. Pre-service teachers demonstrated a higher level of PTE after the classroom experience and group discussions.     

Testing virtual classroom in the school context

The development of information and communication technologies has made it possible for schools to establish inter‐institutional electronic networks to enhance the quality of education in small schools in sparsely populated countries like Finland. Along with this development, new kinds of virtual classrooms have emerged in symbiosis with conventional schools. A virtual classroom in a school context is a new, mostly uninvestigated, phenomenon. In this article we discuss some theoretical aspects of a virtual classroom in the school context. We also report results of a Finnish project which links two lower secondary school classrooms with the use of video‐conferencing.     

浅析翻译语境与汉译英选词

在汉英翻译过程中,语境对翻译选词极为重要。本文首先简述了翻译语境的理论,然后举例分析了语言语境、情景语境和文化语境对汉译英选词的影响。作者旨在说明只有在透彻理解翻译语境的基础上吃透原文和推敲译文选词,才能创造出好的译文。