加拿大的高等教育研究:历史、新兴主题和未来方向

本文对加拿大高等教育作为一个研究领域的演变进行了大致的描述性分析,主要关注这一领域中学术成就的历史发展;其次聚焦于一些得到相当多关注的新兴主题和研究课题,包括公平、多样性和包容性,高等教育的本土化和非殖民化,国际化,以及学生经历;最后对未来的趋势发表了一些评论。     

Gallery of the Future: New Directions in Arts Education

The arts at the end of the 20th Century are dynamic: they are playing an increasingly important role in the life of individuals and the structuring of society. But they are also changing dramatically. It is my argument that arts education will need to change practice to match. The aim here is to discuss some of the key changes and values that will require a response from schools. Where do we look for evidence of these changes? Can we say what they are? I believe that we can. There are specific themes or directions now current in the arts which are likely to continue into the future. In the main they stem from the dynamism created by the interaction between art, technology and social change.     

Current Themes and Future Directions in Epistemological Research: A Commentary

This article summarizes and comments upon recent research on epistemological beliefs (i.e., beliefs about knowledge and knowing). I identify four emergent themes, outline directions for future research, and draw links between current theory and educational practice. The four themes pertain to the number relationship among, development, and measurement of epistemological beliefs. I address conceptual and methodological issues in future research. I also identify four educational implications: understanding teachers' beliefs, understanding students' beliefs, promoting critical thinking, and attempting to change teachers' and students' beliefs.     

Future Directions in Research on Mathematics-Related Teacher Identity

Mathematics education research has placed great emphasis on teacher identity, examining both pre- and in-service teachers, and within these cohorts, specialised mathematics teachers and non-specialists such as elementary teachers. Extensive research has already been done; hence, this paper discusses possible future directions for research on teacher identity in mathematics education. Among other issues, we highlight that general education research on identity has infrequently informed research on mathematics-related teacher identity. This not only limits the transfer of knowledge but also isolates mathematics education from general education research. We suggest that connecting these lines of research and their findings may not only strengthen mathematics education research and mathematics teaching and learning but also contribute to less isolation within the discipline as a whole.     

Situational Interest: A Review of the Literature and Directions for Future Research

This paper reviews theoretical and empirical research on situational interest. A distinction is made between situational and personal interest. The former is spontaneous and context-specific, whereas the latter is enduring and context-general. We summarize historical perspectives and recent empirical findings on situational interest. Five emergent themes are identified that focus on relationships among situational interest, information processing, and affective engagement. We also discuss important topics for future research.     

Home visitation programs: Critical Issues and Future Directions

As support for intervening early in the lives of vulnerable children has risen in the United States in recent years, so has interest in home-visitation programs. Home visitation is increasingly recognized for its potential to foster early child development and competent parenting, as well as to reduce risk for child abuse and neglect and other poor outcomes for vulnerable families.This paper provides a discussion of several aspects of home-visitation programs that warrant further development and evaluation, including the powerful role of context in determining program outcomes, as well as the impact of other factors, including service dosage, levels of family engagement, and characteristics of home visitors. The importance of more accurately understanding and measuring risk and engaging family members beyond the mother-child dyad is also discussed. Recommendations are made for making improvements in all of these areas, in order to strengthen home-visitation programs and produce better outcomes for the children and families they serve. Aspects of Nurse Family Partnership and Early Head Start, two widely replicated and rigorously evaluated programs, are highlighted to demonstrate how the issues discussed here are likely to affect service delivery and program outcomes. The multiple challenges inherent in replicating and evaluating home-visitation programs that are truly responsive to the needs of a wide array of families with young children are examined. This discussion concludes with a call to expand and improve methods for evaluating these programs, and to view home visitation as a component of a comprehensive system of child and family supports, rather than as a stand-alone model of intervention.     

科学教育与ICT角色文献综述:使命、问题与未来的方向

通过追溯英国科学教育的发展,对英国中学科学教育所发生的变革进行描述和境脉介绍,提出了英国科学教育的目标及目前教学存在的问题,重点讨论了ICT应用对科学教学的价值、影响和目前的局限。     

Teachers' Emotions and Teaching: A Review of the Literature and Directions for Future Research

The purpose of this study is to review the limited literature on the emotional aspects of teachers' lives. First, a multicomponential perspective on emotions is described, then the existing literature on teachers' positive and negative emotions is reviewed and critiqued. Next is a summary of the literature suggesting that teachers' emotions influence teachers' and students' cognitions, motivation, and behaviors. Four areas for future research are proposed: management and discipline, adoption and use of teaching strategies, learning to teach, and teachers' motivation. An overview of research methods used in a multicomponential perspective on emotions is provided. This review draws on a variety of research literatures: educational psychology, social and personality psychology, educational sociology, and research on teachers and teaching.     

The Future of Higher Education and the Future of Higher Education Research

Higher education research isclosely linked to the debates on highereducation policy and practice. It provides theinformation basis for decisions about thefuture of higher education. As the themes of the public debate on problems and reform needs in higher education change quickly, higher education research has to anticipate future problems andthemes of debates in order to develop conceptsand to generate knowledge well in advance.Future-conscious higher education researchmight aim to identify likely future changes inthematic areas which are already in thelimelight of public attention, as trends in theareas of expansion of higher education,diversification of structures of the highereducation system, system steering andinstitutional management as well asinternationalisation and globalisation suggest.Moreover, future-conscious higher educationresearch should try to identify thematic areasnot frequently discussed at present but likelyto be major issues in the future. For example,professionalisation of higher education interms of the emergence and expansion of newadministrative and service professions inhigher education institutions might havefar-reaching implications in the future and isworth to be paid attention by higher educationresearchers.     

Valuing the Physically Active Life: Contemporary and Future Directions

This paper addresses the contextual interference hypothesis, which was originally formulated by Battig (1966) and later adapted to motor learning by Shea and Morgan (1979). The hypothesis has generated much research, and its application has been readily suggested to practitioners. According to the hypothesis, high contextual interference (random practice) impairs acquisition but enhances retention and transfer, whereas low contextual interference (blocked practice) has the opposite effects. The empirical basis for the hypothesis—from laboratory-oriented and field-based settings—is examined. The generalizability of the hypothesis is also assessed. Recommendations are made for practitioners for optimal use of the contextual interference effect.     

拖曳式课件在生物教学中的应用

在一次复习课上讲一道题：“减数分裂过程中，染色体的复制发生在：A、同源染色体联会时；B、同源染色体联会后；C、同源染色体联会前；D、初级精（卵）母细胞”。我说答案是C，这下教室里可开了锅，许多同学拿课本上的减数分裂图来和我辩论，等我给同学讲明白后，禁不住感慨万千———千言万语不及一张图！在上新课时已明确讲过染色体的复制发生在减数分裂第一次分裂间期，可课后同学记的不是文字，而是图形。通过这件事，让我更深层次地认识到图形在生物课堂教学上的重要性。一、人类的记忆规律根据巴甫洛夫的学说，具有颜色、声音、气…     

脑科学与教育--尖端研究与未来展望

研究表明,大脑会经历“敏感期”,在“敏感期”内大脑能够响应外界刺激,在特定的区域形成神经网络,并使这些网络的功能逐渐发达。根据“髓鞘化”理论,我们应该从新的角度对“学习”、“教育”进行定义。脑科学与教育的研究,将使人们学会按照脑的特性,对不同人群进行针对性的“学习”与“教育”活动,从而培养人们的创造性,激发人们的热情,提高人们的适应能力,为人类的安宁和幸福做出贡献。     

运用现代教育技术创设初中生物教学情景

本文论述了运用现代教育技术创设初中生物教学情景的方法,主要包括利用网上文字和图片资源创设教学情景,利用flash动画创设教学情景,利用自制PowerPoint课件创设教学情景和利用电视录像创设初中生物教学情景。     

课程文化自觉研究:主要成效与未来方向

近十年来我国学者关于课程文化自觉研究中肯定了课程文化自觉研究的价值意蕴,注重了课程文化自觉的内涵阐释,凸显了课程文化自觉的特征分析,涉足了课程文化自觉的途径探究。研究虽取得重要的成效,但尚存在主题比较狭窄、重理论思辨轻实践操作、研究方法单一等不足之处。今后相关研究要拓宽课程文化自觉的研究主题,致力课程文化自觉的操作策略,重视课程文化自觉的实证研究。