生态美育与人类"诗意生存"

"诗意栖居"是人类的生存理想,然而日益恶化的生态环境却使人越来越远离这一理想。要改变这一状况,就应该改变人的意识,改变旧有的环境教育模式,大力发展生态美育。生态美育对改变人类以物质生存为中心的生存方式,提升人生精神境界,进入人与自然的精神和谐,具有独特的作用。生态美育的根本意义是对人生存境界的提升。这种提升具体表现在:使人由单一和谐走向人与自然、社会的整体和谐,由暂时的、一过性的快感享受走向持续的、长久的美感体验,由注重单一结果走向生命过程美的追求。广泛开展生态美育,是人类实现可持续发展和"诗意生存"的必由之路。     

Sensitising Children to Ecological Issues through Textile Eco‐Design

Human health is affected by pollution caused by toxic chemical substances, particularly vulnerable groups like children. So how can we make things better for people and for the environment through the textile products we design? By thinking about the environment when designing, choosing and using environmental‐friendly technology, we can play an important role in building a better world for the future. If we are going to live in a sustainable way, the technology and materials that we use have to be sustainable. This article provides an insight into how textile product design can provide a better future. It describes the design of ecological textile messages for sensitising and educating children. In the long term, such design may help towards ensuring a better quality of life for everyone, now and in the future. In this survey, the design of the sensitising messages was done using ecological techniques and raw materials to accentuate the message and took into account the intellectual and psychological level of children. All of the raw materials, process and plant dyes used were analysed from an environmental perspective.     

Liberalism and Communitarianism: a response to two recent attempts to reconcile individual autonomy with group identity

This article is concerned with recent attempts to balance the claims for political citizenship in a liberal democracy (liberalism) with competing claims for cultural identity within traditional non‐liberal communities (communitarianism). Claims of the first kind are usually seen as universal in that they are based on what it is to be human, while claims of the second kind are seen as particular in so far as they relate to membership of a specific culture. Singh (1997) argues for discussion method as a means of reconciling the claims of democratic citizenship with those of cultural attachment in non‐liberal communities. In an earlier and related paper, Singh (1995) also seeks an accommodation between shared and particular values in a multicultural society. Halstead (1997) is concerned about the dilemmas faced by liberal educators and by Muslims with regard to the sex education curriculum and Muslim pupils. In an earlier paper, Halstead (1995) makes proposals for a curriculum which combines a communitarian commitment to the cultural integrity of non‐liberal communities with active participation in the life of a liberal democracy. I will argue that whether we begin from a liberal commitment to individual autonomy (Singh) or from a concern for the cultural integrity and survival of non‐liberal communities (Halstead), there are very real difficulties in achieving a reconciliation between liberal and communitarian perspectives.     

论朱光潜“人生艺术化”思想的当代意义及其局限

朱光潜＂人生艺术化＂思想的内涵主要体现在审美超脱的人生境界、情趣化的人生态度、真善美相统一的人格理想等三个方面。深入挖掘出朱光潜＂人生艺术化＂思想的内涵有助于我们形成美好的人生情趣,建构审美超越的价值信仰,发展和谐完美的人性结构。同时,朱光潜＂人生艺术化＂思想存在着理论精英化、现实语境错位等方面的局限。     

THE PLAY'S THE THING

A series of workshops concerned with Repetition Strain Injury (RSI) and Video Display Units (VDUs) is described from its first traditional design where an expert transmitted latest findings and participants discussed them, through its evolution to final form. Participants arrived with a large collective, experiential knowledge which dispelled myths about RSI, and a view that job redesign, or organizational restructuring, was the strategy for the future. The unpredicted and complex nature of RSI together with the community's well‐informed perspective, demanded a research and learning approach to RSI itself and to creating non‐bureaucratic organisations for its prevention. Each workshop and its design built upon learning from the last. These evolutionary steps and their effects are described and evaluated. Both RSI itself and the workshops raise many issues: new approaches to holistic conceptions of human health, the long‐term and side‐effects of computerized technology, our organizational designs and particularly, our elitist conceptions of ‘research’ and ‘knowledge’ and the functions of Continuing Education in a world characterized by conflicting values and relevant uncertainty. Given that we are increasingly confronted by unexpected crises, these workshops may provide a model of an Adult/Continuing Education which adapts its methods to the needs of its clients for a more active, adaptive future.     

高等职业教育FRAME课程框架模式探索

通过分析我国目前高等职业教育课程改革在理论研究与实践操作、宏观指导与微观执行、"知识至上"与"技能至上"、"以教为本"与"以学为本"、人的生存与人的发展等方面存在的一些问题,在批判性吸收逆向课程设计和系统化教学设计模型理念的基础上,以人的"生存"与"可持续发展"为课程设计的核心理念,结合高职学生的学习风格和课程特点,以学生体验未来的社会生活和职场生活为切入点,提出"FRAME"课程框架模式。     

Structured extracurricular activities among adolescents: Findings and implications for school psychologists

One factor that contributes to adolescent positive mental health is active engagement. Engagement is defined as any activity that is initiated to attain an outcome. In general, two forms of activities exist that correspond with engagement: solitary, non‐structured, and non‐cooperative pursuits, often without adult supervision (e.g., playing video games, watching television) and highly structured, collaborative activities that are under the guidance of a competent set of adults (i.e., structured extracurricular activities, or SEAs). Although large amounts of time spent in unstructured activities is related to negative psychosocial outcomes, participation in SEAs has been related to a variety of positive outcomes for students. This paper reviews current research regarding adolescent participation in SEAs and its effects on academic and personal‐social variables (i.e., self‐concept, life satisfaction), as well as potential preventive effects for youths considered to be “at‐risk” for negative developmental outcomes. The paper also examines research investigating the potential benefits and shortcomings of different types of SEAs. Finally, suggestions for future research and school‐based preventive intervention are presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 31–41, 2004.     

Chapman's Coatesville address: A hermeneutic reading

Rhetoric has claimed Chapman's Coatesville address as its own, but the hermeneutic tradition adds to our understanding of it. As a speech act it was intentionally a non‐event, a memorial for its own failure. This was its strange rhetorical purpose and its claim on a posthumous textual life. In a strange way, it is more a hermeneutic than a rhetorical act, an anticipation of its own future life after death. The open‐ended strategy of the speech is a self‐reflexive enactment. Chapman's Coatesville address is a textual model, illustrating the passage from autobiography to rhetorical engagement, from self to community. Because its community is the nation that as yet has not dealt with its darkest problem, the narrative identity of the speech's audience is an identity in process. Caught up in the reception of the speech, we are still being invited to respond to that lynching at Coatesville.     

The Meaning and Value of Home‐Based Craft

My interest in craft‐based activity in the home was aroused by research I carried out for the Crafts Council in the mid 1990s, which found that craft education in secondary schools was in serious decline. Paradoxically interest in amateur crafts was increasing and many teenagers claimed to be ‘making things’ at home. At the present time, culture and life‐long learning are priorities on the British government's agenda and craft‐based projects are being used in community, family and health education schemes targeted, for example, at quality of life enhancement, improving participation in schools and neighbourhood regeneration. However the majority of such schemes operate with a narrow conception of the nature and scope of craft and ignore how it is learned and practised in everyday life. This article reports the findings of a review of literature about social and emotional benefits of participation in home‐based crafts and argues this is a neglected area of art and design education theory and practice meriting increased attention and research.     

For how long,where, and with whom: Narrative time,place and company as generic distinguishers and ideological indicators

The effects on narratives of their times and settings have received less attention than their characters. But the ways in which many or few characters are combined with long or short time spans, or with large or small or multiple sites, can provide a typology of narratives to help children organise their wider reading and their narrative writing. How types and amounts of time‐space are chosen, and how they are combined into what Bakhtin called 'chronotopes', is ideologically significant: revealing and suggesting notions about moral and political values and about relationships between human life and nature and history. Some comparative procedures and a form of tabulation are recommended as ways of bringing out these aesthetically interesting and ideologically important differences.     

To Work or Play? Junior Age Non‐fiction as Objects of Design

This paper examines change and variation in the design of non‐fiction texts which have a junior‐age readership. Using a multimodal analysis, which draws from Kress and Van Leeuwen’s work, it argues that different forms of presentation of non‐fiction offer different ways of reading non‐fiction texts, which as yet are neither fully described nor recognised. Using the contrasts between linear and non‐linear design, the paper suggests that non‐fiction texts can be more or less firmly orientated towards reading as work or reading as play, contrasts which readers’ own choices in different contexts of use make apparent. From this point of view, the eclecticism of the National Literacy Strategy’s references to non‐fiction texts provides a starting point for renewed exploration of what non‐fiction is and how it really works for its readers.     

Creating the Urban Village: Teaching Pre‐Service Teachers about Sustainable Design in Architecture and Community Planning

Sustainable design is a philosophy adopted by people concerned with the health of society and the natural environment. The practice of sustainable design works toward the improvement of the quality of the built environment, while reducing or eradicating the negative impact on the natural environment (McLennan 2004). It is a philosophical approach that may be used in designing any type of built structure, to include architecture, public art, products and community planning. This article will describe concepts that may be addressed in art education about sustainable design to develop an environmental awareness through artistic activities. An approach to teaching sustainable design is explained with an example of a multi‐faceted project taught in a pre‐service secondary methods course of prospective art teachers.     

Resource Provision in Primary Schools—An Australian Perspective

Abstract

This article gives an Australian perspective on resource provision in primary (elementary) schools. The overall current context is firstly outlined against the background of economic rationalism and devolution in schools. The conclusion reached is that primary schools regard themselves as a disadvantaged group in the area of resourcing, and supports the view that action should be taken to reverse this situation. A framework for conceptualizing resources as a partnership of human and non‐human factors with the supremacy of human resources is advanced. Finally, the notion of equality is explored and suggestions made for future developments, with a view to making resourcing more equitable in schools.     

Developing teacher competences for education for sustainable development through reflection: the Environment and School Initiatives approach

The introduction to this paper gives a short overview of the Environment and Schools Initiatives (ENSI) perspective on teaching competences. We argue that as change is one of the key elements of sustainable development, reflection that helps to adapt educational practice to a continuously developing world should be a starting point for every educator dealing with education for sustainable development (ESD). The ENSI perspective is that different competence lists constitute a basis for this continuous reflection. The paper gives two examples from ENSI activities in the field of developing teacher reflection regarding ESD in teacher education. For pre‐service teacher education a one‐year, action research based training course is examined. In in‐service education an analysis of a sequence of project supporting workshops is presented. The paper concludes by identifying some future steps, which are necessary if teacher competences are to be used in ESD.     

Fostering Empathy through an Inclusive Pedagogy for Career Creatives

With the emergence of an entire generation of technologically infused learners comes a new challenge for educators to combat their desire for technologically enhanced isolation. The impact of social media on self‐absorption and the ramifications of excessive screen time are already evident in our current generation of tech‐native students. Meanwhile, the need for more empathetic employees who show compassion toward clients, exercise tolerance for co‐workers and demonstrate cultural awareness in all aspects of their work is already being prioritised over discipline‐specific skills and even STEM expertise by current business leaders. Similarly, the demand for more empathetic creatives is being catalysed by a design industry that now values human‐centredness. Empathy brings the human component to user‐experience and interface design and is now widely acknowledged as the first step in any design process. As a corollary, the development of empathy as a pedagogical deliverable will not only be necessary for the workplace of the future but for future generations to become fully‐functioning members of society. This research explores how an inclusive art and design pedagogy can foster collaborative learner‐centred approaches to develop empathy as a key component of emotional intelligence. Our methodology for triggering meaningful experiences and transformational growth harnesses collaborative play as a way to engage learners in stimulating, socially conscious teamwork. By becoming more intentional about designing the future of higher education in order to nurture more empathetic career creatives, we also lay the groundwork in preparation for educating the most technologically advanced, yet potentially socially isolated learners of any generation yet.     

Towards an integrated model for developing sustainable assessment skills

One of the goals of current education is to ensure that graduates can act as independent lifelong learners. Graduates need to be able to assess their own learning and interpret assessment results. The central question in this article is how to acquire sustainable assessment skills, enabling students to assess their performance and learning throughout life, and preparing them to meet their own future learning needs. This article presents an integrated model for developing sustainable assessment skills, consisting of three components: conditions necessary for the development of sustainable assessment skills, elements of sustainable assessment and instructional methods for guiding students in the development of sustainable assessment skills. The article concludes with suggestions for future research to further develop the proposed model.     

Parents' experiences of applied behaviour analysis (ABA)‐based interventions for children diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder

Applied behaviour analysis (ABA)‐based programmes are endorsed as the gold standard for treatment of children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) in most of North America. This is not the case in most of Europe, where instead a non‐specified ‘eclectic’ approach is adopted. We explored the social validity of ABA‐based interventions with 15 European families who had experience with home‐based, mainly self‐managed, ABA‐based programmes for their own child/ren with ASD. The results of the study highlighted the overwhelmingly positive impact that ABA‐based interventions had on their children in areas such as social skills, challenging behaviour, communication, gross and fine motor skills, concentration, interaction, independence, overall quality of life and, most importantly, a feeling of hope for the future. Implications for European policy on ASD are discussed.     

Environmental Education as a Lived‐Body Practice? A Contemplative Pedagogy Perspective

Environmental education usually appeals to the students’ knowledge and rational understanding. Even though this is needed, there is a neglected aspect of learning ecologically fruitful action; that of the lived‐body. This paper introduces the lived‐body as an important site for learning ecological action. An argument is made for the need of a biophilia revolution, in which refined experience of the body and enhanced capabilities for sensing are seen as important ways of complementing the more common, knowledge‐based environmental education. Alienation from the physical environment is seen as one key element in producing environmental devastation. Consequently, human alienation from nature is seen as closely related to alienation from one's body. It is claimed that through overcoming the (Cartesian) dualist alienation of human consciousness from its lived body, we can decrease the alienation of human beings from their environment. Methods of contemplative pedagogy are introduced for addressing alienation. By getting in touch with the tangible lived‐body in yoga or mindfulness meditation we reconnect to the material world of nature. Contemplative pedagogy cultivates the body and its senses for learning intrinsic valuation and caring for the environment. Lived‐body experience is challenging to conceptualise; we use Maurice Merleau‐Ponty's concept of the flesh in our attempt to do so. Finally, this paper suggests some contemplative practices of the lived‐body for environmental education. Experiencing the flesh of oneself and the world as one and the same is an environmentally conducive experience that gives value and meaning to the flourishing of all life, human and non‐human.     

Impact of a Didactic and Experiential Sales Training Based on Empathy: A Quasi‐Experimental Study

This research examined the impact of a didactic and experiential sales training based on empathy on medical salespeople's self‐reported capacity for empathy. The study used a non‐equivalent, post‐test‐only quasi‐experimental design by comparing the capacity for empathy of an experimental group (n = 66) and a control group (n = 26). A Mann‐Whitney test showed no difference between the two groups. Managerial implications are discussed, as well as suggestions for future research.     

Education for Critical Thinking: Can it be non‐indoctrinative?

An ideal of education is to ensure that our children develop into autonomous critical thinkers. The ‘indoctrination objection’, however, calls into question whether education, aimed at cultivating autonomous critical thinkers, is possible. The core of the concern is that since the young child lacks even modest capacities for assessing reasons, the constituent components of critical thinking have to be indoctrinated if there is to be any hope of the child's attaining the ideal. Our primary objective is to defuse this objection. We argue, first, that even if the indoctrination objection can be dealt with at the level of beliefs by an account that distinguishes between beliefs instilled in the child at the non‐rational stage that are indoctrinative and those that are non‐indoctrinative, there can be non‐autonomous ‘proto critical thinkers’ who lack autonomy with respect to the requisite motivational components. We then ask what must be added to the account to ensure that proto critical thinkers develop into autonomous ones. We suggest that motivational elements, even if instilled at a stage at which the child has insufficiently developed cognitive capacities, can be ‘truly the child's own’ only relationally: the autonomous motivational elements are ones with respect to which the future child is self‐governing.