"道"--一种对存在的形而上学思考

老子“道”的哲学实则是一种对存在意义的思考。“道”之存在是“无状之状，无物之象”，不是任何物的存在，故“道”是“无”；但“道”又不是非存在，不是虚无，而是真实的存在，故“道”为“有”。“道”之作为存在正是这种“无”与“有”的统一，是“无”之“有”，即不是任何事物之存在。由于“道”的存在是“无”，故为无限，是无限之存在，故能包容天地万物，为天地万物之母。“道”的这种“无”与“有”的矛盾统一是天地万物得以产生存在的形而上根源，整个宇宙就是一个在道的“无”“有”矛盾转化中的生生不息的逻辑过程。     

试释《老子》的"道"、"无"、"有"、"一"

“道”是老子哲学的重要范畴，它是宇宙万物的本源。“道”包括本体道和规律道两部分，本体道又包括“无”、“有”。“无”是宇宙万物最初的本源，它为虚空之神，有“虚”、“静”、“小”的特点，“有”是生养之神。有“混沌”、“动”、“大”的特点。道体是从“无”至“有”的，“无”虽有创造的潜藏力，但需要最初的鼓动力。在老子那里，由于更注重以“反”为内容的规律道，以至老子把规律道作为道体从无形质落向有形质的最初动力。     

什么叫“大象无形,大音希声”?

“‘大象无形,大音希声一”老子这话是说,至高的形象是看不见的．至大的声音是听不到的这话到底有什么含义呢？老于哲学的中心思想是“道”。“道”,是无形无象、不可名状的本体,但就是这无形无象的“道”,产生了宇宙万物,这也就是说,在无形的“道’冲,包含着无穷的有形的万事万物。“道”所具有的根本特性不是别的,正是“无为而无不为”,“道”就像大自然那样,并没有有意识地要去追求什么,达到什么,但包却在无形中达到了一切,成就了一切,反过来说,人不能凭感官去认识“道”,只能感觉到万事万物,但是在感觉万事万物的过程…     

美学的哲学品格

先秦哲学家、美学家老子提出了“道”、“气”、“象”的概念。他认为宇宙的本体和生命是“道”、“气”。“象”即物的形象,如果脱离“道”和“气”,那么“象”就是毫无意义的东西。沿着这个思路,魏晋南北朝的宗炳提出“澄怀味象”的命题。他的意思是,既要看到事物的具体形象,又要看到具体形象所显示的宇宙的无限生机,才是美。唐代刘禹锡明确指出:“境生于象外。”（《董氏武陵集记》）此处“象”指具体的物象,而“境”指大自然或人生的整幅图景,它们更能体现宇宙的本体和生命。至此著名的意境说诞生了。人们苦苦追求的物象背后的东西是什么?是宇宙的本体和生命。宇宙的本体和生命是什么?是运动的物质和人的认识能力及创造能力。     

“虚静”的文艺心理探索——中国古代文艺心理学思想研究之一

一、虚静由哲学向美学、文艺心理学的嬗变最早提出“虚静”这一概念的是老子。他说:“致虚极,守静笃”(《老子》十六章)。老子认为,宇宙的本体就是“道”,它是宇宙间万事万物产生的本原;同时,“道”又是认识的对象,并且是认识的最高目的。因此,人们对于万事万物的认识和观照都要进入到对其本原“道”的观照。然而在老子看来,“道”是“无状之状,无物之象”,具有“恍惚”的特征,一般人对它“视之不见,听之不闻”,“搏之不得”,把握起来十分困难(《老子》十四章)。正是为了认识这种“道”,老子提出了“虚静”     

《老子》“道”、“一”之象状及其内容

从象状和内容两个方面对《老子》之“道”、“一”进行了研究。认为《老子》之“道”、“一”二者都具有实体、过程、原则之义，这三方面的内容又渊于一源；《老子》对“道”之象状的直接描述虽惜墨如金，但它使用了“以‘一’写‘道’”的形象笔法对其作了泼墨尽写，这一笔法是《老子》所从属的荆楚文化的典型特点     

从《周易》《黄帝内经》看中国古代生命哲学观（续）

《周易》所阐述的哲理,是对宇宙发生的一种思考,即先把世界看成是混沌未分的世界——太极．再看成混沌中有显隐、静动、刚柔、虚实的阴阳差别,这些再演化成四象、五行,变成宇宙发生的图像。在古人看来,这一切演化都是构成宇宙的一种基本物质——“气”的运动变化。     

“文与道”:一个永恒的话题

“文与道”,它被史坛上的文章大家们谈论也有两千余年了.然而不同的时代赋予“文与道”的内涵是不同的.“道”,古人就赋予过它几个含义:（1）法则,法律.《易经》说“一阴一阳为之道”,这是把宇宙万物都看成阴阳对立的,互相转化的,并且是变化无穷的,这就是把“道”看成了宇宙中的矛盾统一规律.老子的《道德经》则说:“有物混成,先天地生.寂兮寥兮,独立而不改,周行而不殆,可以为天下母,吾不知其名,字之曰道,强为之曰大.”老子认为“道”是混沌之物,是宇宙中“独立而不改”的客观存在,是宇宙万物的本源,宇宙万     

宇宙新模型猜想

文中提出宇宙的本质——时空微点遵循着量变质变的基本普遍规律进行着各种变质导致产生了时空微点大爆炸(点爆),点爆是原始宇宙中经常普遍的活动。在此基础上论述了一种新的“时空微点大爆炸丛”宇宙与观点。扼要地讨论了我们生存的宇宙从无到有的起源渲化(包括力的衍变、混沌现象的产生等)和消亡过程,同时也解释了一些宇宙现象。     

《老子》哲学语境下的“无为”思想探析

老子在《老子》一书中首次提出了“道”的概念,并赋予它以形而上的意义。认为“道”是宇宙之最终依据,“道”生“有”和“无”,“无”是天地之始;“有”是万物之母,而“天下万物生于有,有生于无”,从而完整地完成了以“道”为宇宙之根本地宇宙本体论。在此基础上,该书提出了“无为”思想,并以“无为”作为人生活的根本根据,倡导不争、尚无、处下、守柔、虚静的思想理念。老子的“无为”思想具有独特的哲学语境。在哲学语境的笼罩下,该书蕴含了“无为”思想的深刻内涵。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.