Concept maps: a technique for assessing knowledge manager learning needs

This paper discusses an exploratory investigation of the role of concept mapping techniques for assessing knowledge manager learning needs and developing knowledge management (KM) training programs and courses. The research data were collected using seven concept map templates completed by 13 KM students during a 15-week higher education course. The study found that concept maps can provide a useful real-time feedback mechanism for knowledge managers undergoing structured learning, while enabling instructors to determine what KM practitioners require from their training and education. Additionally, the research showed that knowledge managers require a balance of foundational KM principles, concepts and methods coupled with examples of real-world implementations, tools and measures. The results also identify concept maps as a valuable research and evaluation technique for individuals engaged in the practice and process of training knowledge managers.     

Freelancers and the absorption of external knowledge: practical implications and theoretical contributions

The term absorptive capacity (AC) describes the process of utilising external knowledge. Although firms are becoming increasingly reliant on highly skilled freelancers as a source of external knowledge, the literature on AC has not incorporated this collaboration for freelancers. In this paper, we address this research deficit in two ways: First, we argue that the ability to collaborate effectively and efficiently with freelancers plays a crucial role in the process of absorbing external knowledge. Second, we argue that the example of freelancers challenges researchers to rethink the conceptualisation of organisational boundaries within the concept of AC. Our paper is based upon previous theoretical insights and exploratory empirical data from a research project on German IT freelancers. For the practice of knowledge management, our paper elaborates upon how organisations can enhance their AC by investing in practices and routines that contribute to successful collaboration with freelancers.     

对体育院校运动康复与健康专业“医用生物化学”课程建设的思考

体育院校运动康复与健康专业＂医用生物化学＂课程建设不同于医学院校,具有自身的学生认知及知识基础、专业人才培养要求和就业岗位需求特点。依据这些特点,我们尝试性地对此课程建设进行了一些改革,并取得了一些成果,但在今后的实践教学过程中还需进行多方面的探索。     

技术转移机构的专业化:理论内涵和发展实践

提升技术转移机构服务能力是推动科技成果转移转化、完善国家创新系统建设的重要抓手，“专业化”已经成为改造和升级技术转移机构服务能力的共识。但尚未有研究从理论层面系统探究技术转移机构的专业化是什么、如何发展等问题。文章借鉴职业社会学和医学专业主义相关研究，结合技术转移发展实际，创新性提出技术转移机构专业化概念。在此基础上，以专业知识、社会需求、职业身份为基础构建分析框架，利用多案例分析方法探讨技术转移机构的专业化发展实践，并提出发展建议。本文不仅扩充了社会治理的理论边界，还为技术转移机构的实践发展提供有益参照。     

Case study on four patterns of knowledge conversion: behavioural competency and social learning theory perspectives

Knowledge creation has been attracting academic attention for over 15 years, but existing theories are insufficient for explaining the output of knowledge conversion and seldom explore behavioural development of the employees after knowledge conversion. This study uses social learning theory to explore the social practice in the organization, so as to achieve knowledge conversion and the creation of behavioural competency. Cases from four different industries were chosen to analyse activities of different professional groups in the process of training new entrants. Research results show that interactions and practices in a combination of multiple situations were needed to generate the required behavioural competency of their employees. Furthermore, the Social Learning-Based Knowledge Conversion Model (SL-KCM) explains more clearly the relations between knowledge conversion and behavioural development. SL-KCM complements existing theoretical explanations of knowledge conversion outcome and is applicable to developing training models with enhanced behavioural effects.     

知识管理迭代下的概念导向及IT架构

知识管理的理论假设和工具创新是一个不断发展变化的过程,通过对知识管理迭代关系的模型刻画,来揭示知识管理概念拓展和结构演变的内在逻辑,并据此提出第四代知识管理的新概念.这一概念是以集管理组织为分析框架,以知识联盟为实践载体,以协同增值为显著标志,以集商为特征内涵,可全面满足学习、知识、价值共享与协同实践网络的虚拟整合.其次.在此概念导向下,相应描述了一个应用支持的IT架构,即基于知识联盟应用集成的解决方案.     

Artificial intelligence and knowledge management: questioning the tacit dimension

Knowledge management (KM) has matured to the point that many organisations either believe they have such practices in place or at least understand they are relevant to the knowledge work commonly undertaken in many industries. What is lacking from the literature, however, is a solid foundation for the philosophies underpinning KM and particularly for how tacit knowledge informs the KM space. Research over decades shows tacit knowledge underpins all other forms of knowledge, enabling the interpretation and judicious application of knowledge, leading (at its highest levels) to the concept of wisdom. As an academic discipline, artificial intelligence (AI) was established before KM, has been grounded in the computing discipline for many decades, and is applied broadly in many domains. This paper explores how AI can inform the KM debate. Rather than simply provide examples of AI success stories as applied to KM in practice, it explores the theoretical and practical limitations of AI and KM in unison, providing at the same time a strong epistemological understanding of both disciplines as a means of furthering the knowledge debate, with particular emphasis on the role of tacit knowledge within this jurisdiction.     

"一体化"教学模式与《电工与电子技术》课程教学

《电工与电子技术》是建筑设备工程技术专业的一门必修专业基础课程，具有实践性强的特点，实践证明，采用“一体化”教学模式，将理论学习与实际训练紧密结合起来，在学练中理解理论知识、掌握技能，实现高等职业教育的培养目标。     

做一株向日葵

记得小时候,每逢春天,姥姥都会带着我在自家的院子里种下一颗颗饱满的葵花籽。那个时候,我并不知道它们长大是什么样子,只听到姥姥说：＂这‘转转莲＇（唐山方言）啊,容易活,只要有阳光,它们就能结出大圆盘来。＂＂姥姥,为什么要叫它‘转转莲＇啊？＂＂因为它们每天会迎着太阳的方向生长啊,不论刮风还是下雨,它们就是这样活着做人也是这样啊!＂那时的我,似乎还不太明白姥姥话中的意味。过了不久,这向日葵羞答答地冒出了两片椭圆形的嫩叶。我时不时地去抚摸它们,盼望着它们快快长大,早早地结出果实来。姥姥经常叮嘱我为它们除草、捉虫、浇水、施肥。在姥姥和我的精心照料之下,     

大学生自主外语学习在线教学策略探究——以商务英语为例

该研究主要基于自主语言学习(SALL)理论体系关于材料来源、选材、自主学习者活动的组织和教师的作用,对在线商务英语自主学习的课堂教学实践进行总结和分析,描述了教学设计的理念是以“产出导向法”(POA)为依据,提出在线教学中自主语言学习能力提升的三个方面,即小组协作、语言基础、综合技能(包括写作和演讲),强调在在线自主外语学习中,教师可以利用丰富的在线资源,把个体反思与集体反思结合起来,把传统的知识传授变为知识升级。     

Beyond knowledge management – understanding how to share knowledge through logic and practice

The aim of this paper is to develop our understanding of how knowledge is shared within a professional service firm. Insights from a 1-year ethnographic study suggest that it is important to go beyond the ‘theoretical limitations’ of knowledge management in order to understand how to manage knowledge within a firm. From the analysis of how knowledge is shared in practice, three logics emerge that help us understand not only how, but also why knowledge is shared among professionals within a professional service firm. A conceptual framework regarding how to better understand sharing, handling and developing knowledge within an organization is discussed, and implications for managers and future research are outlined.     

Information,knowledge and wisdom: groundwork for the normative evaluation of digital information and its relation to the good life

This paper provides a general philosophical groundwork for the theoretical and applied normative evaluation of information generally and digital information specifically in relation to the good life. The overall aim of the paper is to address the question of how Information Ethics and computer ethics more generally can be expanded to include more centrally the issue of how and to what extent information relates and contributes to the quality of life or the good life, for individuals and for society. To answer that question, the paper explores and provides by way of a theoretical groundwork for further research, the concept of wisdom understood as a type of meta-knowledge as well as a type of meta-virtue, which can enable one to both know in principle what a good life is and how to successfully apply that knowledge in living such a life in practice. This answer will be based on the main argument presented in this paper that the notion of wisdom understood as being at once a meta-epistemological, meta-axiological and meta-eudemonic concept, provides the essential conceptual link between information on the one hand and the good life on the other. If, as we are told, this is the Age of Information, both the theoretical examination and analysis of the question of how information relates to the good life and the provision of an adequate answer to that question are essential for developing a deeper understanding of how to evaluate the theoretical and practical implications and ramifications of information for the good life, for individuals and societies generally.     

基于提高知识员工组织嵌入度的实践社群研究

知识经济时代,企业之间的竞争,最终都要依靠知识的载体--知识员工得以实现,吸引和留住知识员工显得异常重要。本文在提出"组织嵌入"概念的基础上,认为实践社群具备知识员工嵌入组织的粘性要素,并分别从"知识"和"学习"这两个粘性要素对实践社群提高知识员工组织嵌入度的作用机制进行了深入系统的分析,最后提出企业应创建和培育实践社群。     

Absorptive capacity and knowledge management in small and medium enterprises

Studies on knowledge management have generated an awareness that it is fundamentally important for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to be able to exploit sources of knowledge outside the firm by means of external relationships, but this understanding has not been followed up by an adequate theoretical and empirical research effort to analyse the role of relationships in an SME’s knowledge management processes. The present contribution first sketches this gap on the grounds of the available literature reviews. Then it proposes a framework – focusing the concept of absorptive capacity – with a view to filling this theoretical gap. Finally, based on the proposed framework, two specific topics of considerable importance to SMEs are discussed: (i) how capabilities are developed in the start-up phase of a new venture; and (ii) knowledge processes in geographical clusters.     

强化实践创新能力培养的工程结构检测实习改革与实践

针对目前工程力学专业工程结构检测实习以见习为主,未结合学生的专业应用背景,实习内容相对独立、缺乏创新教育等问题,该文树立了“以学生为中心”的理念,在“江苏大学土木工程技术研究院”和科技部“高端装备关键结构健康管理联合研究中心”实践基地建设的基础上,深化与企业间的合作,在实习教学理念、课程内容、运行管理、师资队伍及实践平台等方面进行了改革,工程力学专业学生对知识的掌握运用能力、实践创新能力得到了提高,该实践成果也可为其他工程实践课程提供参考。     

高职机电工程专业群实训体系规划探讨

专业群实训课程体系建设是高职院校专业建设的重要内容。机电工程专业群实训教学体系建设是培养学生动手能力、分析和处理问题能力的重要保障手段．也是提高专业群人才培养水平的重要途径。在现有教学条件下如何将专业理论教学体系和实践教学体系更好地融合．如何科学设计和实施专业群实训教学体系,显得尤为重要。     

医学模拟教学对独立学院医学生中医妇科临床技能影响的研究

目的:研究医学模拟教学对独立学院医学生中医妇科临床技能的影响。方法:以广西中医药大学赛恩斯新医药学院80名本科生为研究对象,随机分为对照组和研究组,对照组见习教学采用传统教学方法,研究组在传统教学方法基础上,采用标准化病人问诊并结合医学模拟人的应用。结果:研究组见习学生临床思路清晰度较高,病史采集完整性和临床操作技能考核成绩均优于对照组(P0.01)。结论:医学模拟教学对独立学院医学生中医妇科临床技能的提高有显著作用,适合在以教学应用型为定位的独立学院内部进行进一步完善和推广。     

Implementing a knowledge management system within an NHS hospital: a case study exploring the roll-out of an electronic patient record (EPR)

This research aims to contribute to understanding the implementation of knowledge management systems (KMS) in the field of health through a case study, leading to theory building and theory extension. We use the concept of the business process approach to knowledge management as a theoretical lens to analyse and explore how a large teaching hospital developed, executed and practically implemented a KMS. A qualitative study was conducted over a 2.5 year period with data collected from semi-structured interviews with eight members of the strategic management team, 12 clinical users and 20 patients in addition to non-participant observation of meetings and documents. The theoretical propositions strategy was used as the overarching approach for data analysis. Our case study provides evidence that true patient centred approaches to supporting care delivery with a KMS benefit from process thinking at both the planning and implementation stages, and an emphasis on the knowledge demands resulting from: the activities along the care pathways; where cross-overs in care occur; and knowledge sharing for the integration of care. The findings also suggest that despite the theoretical awareness of KMS implementation methodologies, the actual execution of such systems requires practice and learning. Flexible, fluid approaches through rehearsal are important and communications strategies should focus heavily on transparency incorporating both structured and unstructured communication methods.     

知识组织研究述评

知识组织是图书馆学研究的主要内容，研究涉及到理论基础、理念、现状、组织原则、方式方法、技术等。但理论研究系统不够完善，有等于在本领域开拓新的研究点。     

中西医结合专业医学生临床实习教育的思考

临床实习是医学生高等医学教育培养过程中最重要的一个阶段,中西医结合专业的医学生需要在实习阶段将中医学的宏观辩证和西医学的微观检查相结合,更需要临床实习来培养其诊治思维。但目前中西医结合专业临床教学存在医学生对中西医结合专业学科如何发展和定位的困惑、理论知识差和学习缺乏主动性、动手操作机会少、受就业和考研影响大等问题,临床实习教学模式的陈旧、临床教学老师带教意识薄弱也是临床实习教育较为突出的问题。因此,加强理论教学和实习教学的师资队伍建设,提高教学质量,转变临床教学模式,加强教学经费投入,积极引导医学生建立正确的择业观,处理好考研和实习的关系,是提高当前中西医结合专业临床实习教育质量的重要手段。