Students’ expectations about earnings and employment and the experience of recent university graduates: Evidence from Cyprus

The employability of university graduates constitutes a major policy concern in both developed and developing nations. In this context, the present study uses self-reported data to compare the earnings and employment expectations of university students, and the realised earnings and employment paths of recent graduates. The sample consisted of 476 individuals (243 students and 233 graduates of the University of Cyprus). The analysis points to both differences and similarities in the effect of different variables on (a) the probability of employment for graduates and the probability of expected employment for students, and (b) the conditional salary of graduates and the conditional expected salary of students. The completion of postgraduate studies, the area of family residence and the department of study are the key factors affecting the graduates’ employment probability, while the students’ probability of expected employment is determined differently, namely by characteristics such as secondary education performance and studies in the business administration department. Gender and family income are among the main determinants of both the graduates’ actual earnings and the students’ expected earnings, with women earning or expecting to earn less than men, and graduates/students with higher family incomes earning or anticipating to earn more than their lower income counterparts. The findings are compared to those of similar studies in other countries.     

Public school aggression among children with varying day-care experience

59 children with varying amounts and types of day-care experience were followed over their first 2 or 3 years of public schooling. Schoolteachers rated aggressiveness of several types and in several situations by these children, and also supplied information about managing the children, about children's use of strategies to avoid conflict, and about several associated skills and behaviors. Multivariate analyses indicated that children who had attended a cognitively oriented day-care program beginning in infancy were more aggressive than all other groups of children who had attended day care. Aggression among these children, however, declined over time, the children were not considered difficult to manage, and they were well liked by teachers. It was speculated that the increased aggressiveness among children attending cognitively oriented day care may have been caused by several problems of adaptation to the school setting.     

中国农村剩余劳动力流向何处

中国的改革首先从农村开始,12亿人口有9亿在农村,这是我国的基本国情。因此,没有农民的小康,就不会有全国人民的小康;没有农业的现代化,就不会有整个国家的现代化。1999年农业产业沉淀了大约3．3亿劳动力,并且在“十五”期间,我国农村每年将增长劳动力850万人。现阶段,如何转移和吸纳这支庞大的劳动力大军已成为刻不容缓的问题。     

《诗经》女性劳动诗篇意蕴略论

《诗经》中的大量女性劳动诗篇,生动描绘了古代女性以蓬勃、欢快的心情参与劳动,以勤劳、灵巧的双手为社会创造丰富的物质财富的画面;体现了在社会发展中女性起到的社会必须承认、必须重视的重大作用。劳动女性以亲身经历将劳动与爱情相结合,谱写了《诗经》中相关的原始作品。     

中国劳动力就业结构变动评析

随着市场取向经济改革的深入、技术进步以及经济全球化发展的影响,我国劳动力就业结构发生了巨大变化。表现为城乡间就业结构变动、城市内部跨地区、跨行业、跨部门的结构变动以及跨国结构变动。它是中国现代化进程中必然出现的结果,同时反映了产业结构的演进,以及与开放式市场经济的发展相协调一致的规律和趋势。     

Education and earnings: A review of the evidence

An optimistic review of the relation between education and earnings is provided, even after nonschooling influences (family background and environmental and personal characteristics) are considered. The article reviews issues such as the distinction between quality and quantity of education, the effect of “ability” on the education-earnings relationship, and the “screening” hypothesis.     

The social experience of early childhood for children with learning disabilities: inclusion,competence and agency

This paper tells of the social experiences of three four‐year‐old children with learning disabilities as they negotiate their daily lives in their homes and early education settings in England. We apply a social model of childhood disability to the relatively unexplored territory of young children and use vignettes drawn from video observation to explore the interactive spaces contained in settings with different cultures of inclusion. Using a multimodal approach to the data we show the nuanced ways in which the children enact their agency. We explore the relationships between agency, culture and structure, and argue that children with learning disabilities are active in making meaning within social and relational networks to which they contribute differently depending on the barriers to doing and being that each network presents. Thus, the paper provides an original use of the notion of distributed competence.     

Keyboarding as general education: post-school employment and earnings effects

This study reports on the post-school attainment effects of offering courses in typing and keyboarding as part of general education. The analysis was designed to develop models to analyse the effects of keyboarding on employment, earnings, further educational attainment and related distributional and cost-effectiveness issues. We assess these models empirically using national survey data from the federal government's High School and Beyond data set. Results indicate significant positive ramifications on all aspects cited above.     

借鉴丰田经验培养技术人才

汽车行业自2002年以来，在我国出现了突飞猛进的发展。2003年汽车市场商用车和乘用车的总销量达到438万辆，2004年达到507万辆，2005年还会增长。根据相关预测，从2006年到2010年的五年中，商用车市场和乘用车市场还将飞速增长．2010年总销售量会突破1000万辆大关。乘用车市场将以个人购买为主，比例预计达到85％。随着汽车保有量的急剧增加，轿车进入家庭的步伐加快，汽车维修行业人才将会严重缺乏。     

Relative earnings of deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals

Much has been written, over several decades, about the economic damage done by hearing loss. This article compares earnings of male and female deaf or hard-of-hearing college graduates to those of the general population with the same levels of education. Although those hard of hearing appear to reach lower levels of education, with education there is little or no evidence of an earnings lag relative to those without hearing loss.     

女诗人:女性话语的自发者——唐代宫怨诗创作主体考察之一

唐代宫怨诗以作者身份看,大致可以分为两类:女诗人的自我抒发与男诗人的代言之作。女诗人包括有名号的后妃、和亲的公主、普通的宫女三类。这些女诗人的宫怨诗可以说是女性话语的自发者,以我手写我心,真实地透露了她们的心声,其诗歌中哀怨的内容不同而艺术风格相近,都呈现出明显的女性色彩的情感基调和抒情话语模式。     

对通过用工建立劳动关系制度的反思——从一则案例谈劳动关系和劳动合同的关系问题

《劳动合同法》确立了用工建立劳动关系制度.劳动关系因“用工”这一事实行为而发生的规定缺乏法理考量,用工所建立的劳动关系是空洞的法律关系,用工不能区分劳动关系和劳务关系,架空了《劳动合同法》所设计的劳动合同解除和终止体系.从真实生活镜像和理性思维逻辑出发,很难否认劳动关系正是通过劳动合同建立的.     

劳动价值论:价值形成的多元性与劳动要素重要性的统一

本文在正视与分析马克思主义劳动价值观现实处境的基础上认为:各生产要素共同形成价值,而不仅仅是劳动一个要素。在价值实现过程中,劳动生产要素具有不可或缺性,是最重要的和不可比拟的。我国的社会主义建设,要重视劳动要素,但更要避免忽视其他要素作用的错误认识,尽快塑造马克思劳动价值论的适用前提,即在保障社会和谐发展的同时,充分发挥各生产要素的综合效益,以加速建设步伐。     

Subject choice and earnings of UK graduates

Using a survey of a cohort of UK graduates, linked to administrative data on higher education participation, this paper investigates the labour market attainment of recent graduates by subject of study. We document a large heterogeneity in the mean wages of graduates from different subjects and a considerably larger one within subject with individuals with the most favourable unobserved characteristics obtaining wages almost twice as large as those with the worst. Moreover, gender differences in wages within subjects are also large. We then simulate a graduate tax to calculate a willingness to pay – in form of tuition fees – to capture these subject wage premia.     

理解劳动价值论 发展劳动价值论

在２１世纪新的历史起点上,江泽民同志在２００１年“七一”重要讲话中,充分肯定了马克思创立的劳动价值论在马克思主义发展史和经济现实中的地位。一方面,明确指出它“揭示了当时资本主义生产方式的运行特点和基本矛盾”的历史意义;另一方面,也紧密结合我国经济体制改革深化中出现的一系列新的实际问题,如资本、技术等生产要素参与收益分配、科学技术工作和经营管理作为劳动的重要形式在社会生产中所起的日益重要的作用等,向广大理论工作者提出了“结合新的实际,深化对社会主义社会劳动和劳动价值理论的研究和认识”的新课题。深化…     

The experience of story reading: deaf children and hearing mothers' interactions at story time

THE STUDY EXAMINED scaffolding interactions between deaf children and hearing mothers in which story reading was used as a tool to aid in the development of narrative comprehension and linguistic reasoning. The dyadic interactions were examined from the perspective of the theoretical works of Vygotsky (1934/1962, 1978, 1929/1981, 1960/1981). The sample group consisted of 7 dyads of hearing mothers and their deaf children ages 4.2 to 9.5 years. The mothers signed a story to their children. The dyadic interactions reflected the different levels of scaffolding and functioning within the zone of proximal development (Vygotsky, 1934/1962, 1978). The researchers found that story reading provides an excellent framework for both cognitive and emotional growth within the parent/child dyad. Mothers who engaged their children in mutual dialogue also used elaboration. This was reflected in their children's linguistic reasoning.     

The correlation between education and earnings: What does it signify?

This paper examines three alternative explanation of the basic finding that amounts of education and personal earnings are positively correlated in some 30 countries studied. Arbitrarily labelled (1) the “economic”, (2) the “sociological” and (3) the “psychological” explanation, (1) argues that better-educated people earn more because education imparts vocationally useful skills that are in scarce supply; (2) propounds that they do so either because length of schooling is itself correlated with social class origins or because education disseminates definite social values which are prized by the ruling elite of a society; (3) contends that education merely selects people in accordance with their native abilities and, obviously, abler people earn more than less able ones. The question is asked: Are these really conflicting explanations? It is concluded that a proper appreciation of the economic explanation in fact assimilates the other two. In a perfectly competitive labour market, earnings will necessarily reflect the relative scarcity of “vocationally useful skills”, and the vocational skills must include the possession of values and drives appropriate to an industrial environment. In the absence of competitive pressures, however, earnings may reflect purely conventional hiring practices. In the final analysis, therefore, the question posed by the paper highes on the strength of competitive forces in the labour markets. The question whether education contributes to economic growth turns out likewise to depend on the presence or absence of competitive labour markets. An analysis is made of the internal logic of the three explanations. Also examined is the small quantity of direct evidence available on the link between education and the productivity of workers. An attempt is made to view familiar questions from a new angle and to relate the education-causes-growth debate to contentious issues in the field of educational planning.     

高等教育与生产劳动相结合新论

教育与生产劳动相结合是马克思主义教育学说的基本原理之一，是对教育与社会实践关系的一般意义上的本质揭示。这一原理具有普遍性、发展性和时代性。在社会、经济和教育高速发展的今天，这一原理具有了新的内涵。     

让孩子体验生命的感动

《品德与社会》是新一轮课程改革中设置的一门全新的综合课程 ,与过去的相关课程相比 ,在课程理念、课程内容、课程目标和课程实施等方面都有了较大的突破和改变 ,对教师也提出了新的要求。教师在这门课程的实施过程中 ,必须遵循儿童生活的逻辑 ,突破原有的对课堂教学的认识 ,使教学源于生活、高于生活、指导生活 ;学会利用课程、开发课程、建设课程 ;使课堂教学立足课堂、开放课堂、延伸课堂 ;使这门课程真正成为促进学生发展的内在生命力量     

劳动与劳动力价值新论

本文以马克思劳动价值理论为基础 ,从一个新的视角对劳动、劳动力的价值和使用价值等进行了研究 ,得出了劳动力的价值不仅仅是由生产、发展、维持和延续劳动力所必须的生活资料的价值组成 ,还应包括家庭对其抚养教育的活劳动 ,特别是还包括劳动力自己的活劳动等重要结论