一种对付艾滋病毒(HIV)的免疫反应新观点

十多年来,人们一直认为AIDS的病原体HIV进入人体以后,可在体内潜伏四个月至十年,甚至更长的时间,直至受到第二次免疫激发,HIV才恢复活力,开始复制繁殖,破坏和攻击新的免疫细胞,最终导致AIDS发生.但是,最近英国《自然》杂志发表的来自纽约市阿伦·达尔蒙德AIDS研究中心和伯明翰亚拉马大学的研究报告指出,HIV一进入人体就与免疫系统开始了激烈的“阵地战”,在整个战争过程中,双方始终承受着巨大的消耗.他们认为.HIV一进入人体血液.就开始大量复制繁殖,每天约复制繁殖数亿个,同时造成每天约10亿个免疫细胞的死仁.与此同时人体免疫系统也每天制造出约10亿个新的T细胞(免疫细胞)与之抗衡,并且在一个月之内消灭将近99%的HIV.但由于HIV具有变异性快之特点.因此在数亿个HIV中,有少量的突变体,由于其遗传因素的改变,因而可以不被T细胞立即识别而免受攻击、这样它们就获得了暂时生存的机     

爱与生命同在

<正>心育主题——生命尊严:自尊自爱,保护自己艾滋病(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,简称AIDS)是一种危害性极大的传染病,由感染艾滋病病毒(HIV)引起。HIV将人体免疫系统中最重要的CD4T淋巴细胞作为主要攻击目标,大量破坏该细胞,使人体丧失免疫功能。因此,感染了艾滋病毒的人易感染各种疾病,病死率较高。     

以艾滋病的背景的一组研究题

艾滋病是英文AIDS的音译,是"获得性免疫缺陷综合症"的简称.该病于1981年在美国首先被发现. 艾滋病是由"人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)"感染人体后引起的疾病.HIV属于逆转录病毒科,慢病毒属的成员.该病毒呈球形,外有蛋白质组成的外壳,内有两条完全一样的单链RNA.病毒粒子进入细胞后,其核心破裂,其中携带的酶被激活,病毒RNA逆转录成双链DNA,并进入细胞核中.HIV存在于人的血液中并能攻击人体免疫系统,特别是能侵入T淋巴细胞,使T细胞大量死亡,导致患者丧失一切免疫功能,使各种传染病乘虚而入.人体感染HIV后,经过2～10年潜伏期,可发展成艾滋病,患者一般在2年内死亡.AIDS症状表现为:长期不规则发热、盗汗、体重下降、腹泻、面容衰老和全身淋巴结肿大等,最终导致呼吸困难,心力衰竭,以至死亡.     

回归分析方法预测某市HIV／AIDS流行趋势的应用研究

根据疾病预防控制中心提供的数据,应用回归分析的方法,建立了某市HIV／AIDS逐年新增人数预测模型和经性传播HIV／AIDS新增人数预测模型,并分析得出该市未来3年HIV／AIDS的发展趋势：HIV／AIDS新增人数逐年趋于平稳,但是仍有上升的迹象;经性传播HIV／AIDS新增人数比例逐年上升且速度较快,性传播HIV／AIDS已逐渐成为该市HIV／AIDS传播的主要途径。     

揭开艾滋病的神秘面纱 艾滋病必读——常识篇

自1981年第一份艾滋病报告问世至今,艾滋病大有肆虐全球之势,人们谈“艾”色变,称之为世纪瘟疫.艾滋病全称为获得性免疫缺陷综合征,英文缩写为AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome),由人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV,Human Immunodeficiency Virus)侵入人体而引发.HIV攻击和杀伤人体免疫系统的细胞,使机体逐步丧失基本的防御能力.艾滋病患者最终可能患上由各种病毒和细菌引发的伺机性感染(Opportunistic Infection)疾病,而健康的免疫系统却是伺机性感染的天然防线.     

艾滋病及其防治研究进展

艾滋病（AIDS）是由人类免疫缺陷病毒（Human Immunodeficiency Virus,HIV）感染引起的以T细胞免疫功能缺陷为主的综合征。本文对AIDS的病理机制和防治研究进展作一综述。     

高校HIV/AIDS健康教育的意义与方法

了解高校HIV／AIDS健康教育的意义,掌握具体的教学方法,加强在大学生人群中开展HIV／AIDS知识的宣传,发挥大学生在HIV／AIDS防治工作中的作用,对控制AIDS的流行具有重要的现实意义。     

学校预防爱滋病健康教育处方

爱滋病(AIDS)全称为获得性免疫缺陷综合症。它是由爱滋病毒(HIV)引起的一种目前尚无预防疫苗、又无有效治愈办法、病死率极高的传染病。爱滋病病毒(HIV)通过严重破坏人体免疫功能,造成人们的抵抗力极度低下,最终致全身衰竭而死。     

Cell子刊:靶向作用休眠状态的HIV彻底攻克艾滋病

<正>近日,蒙特利尔大学医院研究中心的研究人员通过对进行抗逆转录病毒疗法(ART)的HIV患者进行研究,开发了一种新型技术,该技术能够在患者机体中鉴别出HIV隐藏的罕见细胞,相关研究刊登于国际杂志Cell Host&Microbe上。为何病毒会被唤醒?为了杀灭HIV,研究者们进行了多项研究来寻找HIV/AIDS的疗法,如今研究者们开发了一种能够检测隐藏HIV的罕见细胞的高精准技术,隐藏HIV的细胞能够有效阻断当前疗法对     

浅谈艾滋病防治

艾滋病医学全称为获得性免疫缺陷综合征(Acguired Immunodeficiency Syndrome 简称AIDS)艾滋病是AIDS的音译,习惯称“艾滋病”。该病是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(Human Im-munodeficiency Virus简称HIV)通过血液和体液传播的传染病。本病发病70年代末,现世界HIV/AIDS广泛流行,HIV主要侵犯人的免疫系统,从而造成病人多种机会性感染和恶性肿瘤,最终死亡,AIDS潜伏期长(5—10年)发病及病程缓慢,整个病程都具有传染性,HIV/AIDS尚无特效疗法,目前只有可能延长病人生     

艾滋病研究现状

艾滋病全称获得性免疫缺陷综合症.艾滋病由HIV引起.艾滋病有三条传播途径——性传播、血液传播、母婴传播.1981-2000年期间世界有3610万人感染HIV.HIV侵入人体CD_4~ 为主的免疫细胞,破坏免疫功能.采取有效措施预防与控制艾滋病的流行.     

Dilemma of concepts and strategies for the prevention of spread of HIV in relation to human behavior, law and human rights

The new prevalence data regarding the estimated global number of human immunodeficiency virus positive (HIV⁺) cases, i.e., including people who are either aware or unaware of their HIV infection in 2010, lead many to wonder why the increase in incidence has reached today’s unprecedented level and escalated within such a short time. This, in spite of prevention campaigns in countries affected by HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) with their urgent messages aimed at preventing HIV transmission by promoting changes in individual’s behavior. This article analyzes the background of the prevention strategies, in particular their political, social and legal concepts in terms of human rights, and reveals traits of human behavior not considered thus far. A radical reappraisal is necessary, at social and legislative levels, as well as options additional to current concepts. When ethical issues come up, they become blamed for outmoded moralistic positions. However, ignoring the reality has led to dire consequences from prioritizing individual human rights over society’s collective need to prevent the spread of HIV.     

境外艾滋病对构建云南边疆和谐社会的影响

艾滋病现在是人类最大的威胁,有人称它为没有硝烟、没有流血的第三次世界大战,这一点也不为过。艾滋病首先在西方国家发现后,不久就传播到世界各地,迄今为止已经夺去了几百万人的生命。艾滋病已经成为无国界的疾病。中国的艾滋病是从东南亚传过来的,对此,就东南亚地区艾滋病的历史现状及其对中国云南边疆构建和谐社会的影响做一简单阐述。     

Mediating HIV/AIDS Strategies in Children’s Literature in Zimbabwe

The Ministry of Education and Culture in Zimbabwe has introduced an intervention into the school curricula to complement the already existing mechanisms in the fight against HIV/AIDS. The literature in this programme is said to be designed to develop children’s knowledge of HIV/AIDS and to maximise both individual and community commitment to the safest protective behaviour possible. This paper argues that despite the Ministry’s efforts there is a dearth of such literature which would depict human relations and experiences in the context of HIV/AIDS in the corpus of Zimbabwean children’s literature in schools. It proposes that more fiction about HIV/AIDS could effectively complement the current non-fictional texts used in most Zimbabwean schools. This paper seeks therefore, to clarify the need for fictional narratives in which the disease plays a part since they will provide the main context in which young children learn to cope with the realities associated with HIV/AIDS through education. It posits that Zimbabwean children’s literature should also depict the conceptual framework within which health, human interaction and sexuality are understood in relation to the epidemic. Hazel Tafadzwa Ngoshi is with the department of English and Communication, Midlands State University, Zimbabwe. She teaches Renaissance and 20th century English literature and autobiography. A holder of a Master of Arts degree in English from the University of Zimbabwe, her research interests include children’s literature and autobiography. Currently, she is writing a book on Zimbabwean female (auto) biographies. Juliet Sylvia Pasi holds a Master of Arts degree in English from the University of Zimbabwe. She teaches Communication and African literature in the department of English and Communication at the Midlands State University, Zimbabwe. Currently, she is researching on aspects of orality in Zimbabwean children’s literature and the mediation of gender identities in African literature.     

中西方艾滋病广告中的女性形象对比研究

艾滋病公益广告中的女性形象在西方发达国家和中国大陆之间存在着极大的差异.西方艾滋病公益广告中,女性形象多用真人女性扮演,不少广告内容大胆、火爆而奇异.中国大陆艾滋病公益广告里,女性形象模糊而抽象,多用符号替代.中西方的艾滋病广告从主题到广告表现形成迥然不同的风格,与艾滋病的国情差异及中西方不同的文化背景有关.     

高等师范院校预防艾滋病健康教育的意义及课程设置

艾滋病是威胁人类健康与社会安全的重大传染病之一。迄今为止,世界上无治愈艾滋病的特效药,也无预防艾滋病的疫苗。世界各国防治艾滋病的经验表明:健康教育是目前预防和控制艾滋病唯一有效的措施。本文从大学生的特点与现实之需及对大学生预防艾滋病健康教育能力提升入手,对在高等师范院校开展预防艾滋病健康教育的意义进行了探讨。与此同时,分析了在高等师范院校开展艾滋病健康教育的课程设置方式,包括单独开设健康教育科目,载体科目,融合到其它科目,组合方式。以期对高等师范院校开展预防艾滋病健康教育有所借鉴。     

Automated Evaluation of AIDS Messages with High‐Risk,Low‐Literacy Audiences

A series of televised public service announcements (PSAs) about acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was evaluated with 100 black participants attending a Sexually Transmitted Diseases Clinic in Atlanta, Georgia. Since the literacy level of the participants was suspected to be low, questions were administered orally and an electronic data collection technique was used which permitted the participants to push buttons, as opposed to speaking or writing responses. In this way, data were collected regarding: (i) the participants’ demographics; (ii) their self‐perceived AIDS knowledge and awareness; and (iii) their second‐by‐second continuous responses to the video presentation. Participants who perceived themselves to be at high risk of contracting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection gave more positive continuous responses to the PSA sequence than did self‐perceived low‐risk participants. Men gave more approving responses than women. The results were considered in relation to previous findings concerning the interacting effects of PSA design and perceived risk. Debriefing sessions indicated that the automated approach to data collection is particularly useful informative evaluation studies requiring rapid data collection from audiences drawn from diverse educational backgrounds.     

‘I don’t want to catch it’. Boys,girls and sexualities in an HIV/AIDS environment

This paper examines young South African school children’s understanding of HIV/AIDS. Based on ethnographic work in two schools in Greater Durban, it explores the impact of HIV/AIDS on the ways in which gender and sexuality are articulated against the backdrop of race and class specific contexts. The first part of the paper examines the children’s discourses of sex, sexuality and HIV/AIDS. We show that young children’s meanings of sex, sexuality and are not straightforward and are actively produced and defined through a range of social processes. These processes shape the extent to which young children experience sexuality within discourses of fear and pleasure. Young children’s meanings of HIV/AIDS are explored in the second part of the paper. Here we show how their knowledge of HIV/AIDS is socially structured through class/race and gender and these forms of social relations provide the framing and reference points for children’s constructions of meanings around HIV/AIDS. We finish the paper by raising some theoretical and practical/political questions about the implications of what we have found for HIV/AIDS education in South Africa.     

UNESCO艾滋病预防教育策略初探

艾滋病已成为危害人类社会的国际问题.到目前为止,预防教育是解决艾滋病问题最为有效的方法.联合国教科文组织提出艾滋病预防教育的目的是增进人们对艾滋病传播和预防的知识、意识、技能,形成和树立正确的态度和价值观念,减少艾滋病的传染,减轻艾滋病对社会造成的影响,同时缓解艾滋病对教育系统带来的压力.本文介绍了UNESCO在全球性和地区性两个层面实施艾滋病预防教育的策略,并讨论了这些策略的意义.     

A Study of the Relationship Between Child Care Providers' Use of HIV/AIDS Information Sources, Knowledge of HIV/AIDS, and Attitudes Toward Caregiving Policies

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), has been a part of American society for over two decades. Today, HIV/AIDS touches all demographic groups, including young children. It is for this reason that child care providers need to be informed about HIV/AIDS and related policies that impact their work with young children. The purpose of this study was to examine child care providers' use of different HIV/AIDS information sources in relationship to their knowledge about HIV/AIDS and their response to common childhood behaviors and classroom situations involving an HIV-infected child. Results suggest that different types of information sources are associated with different aspects of providers' knowledge about and response to pediatric HIV/AIDS. Implications for the planning and delivery of HIV/AID training involving child care providers are discussed.