体验智慧：教师专业化成长的一种境界

如果说体验良心可以称之为教师道德成长的一种高境界的话,我以为教师专业化成长的高境界则可以概括为体验智慧。这种提法基于对时下人们逐步重视起来的教师专业化问题的反思,严格说来,是基于人们重视教师专业化却并没有充分地弄清专业化的实质。长期以来,教师都只是具有学科专业化却不同时具有职业专业化的群体,有两种至今都不曾被质疑的事实可以证明这样的判断。一是人们在师范教育中长期讨论却莫衷一是的“师范性和学术性谁轻谁重”的莫须有的问题,这个问题本身表明师范性不是学术性,教师不具有职业的专业化。二是向社会招聘教师并不突出…     

体验智慧：教师专业化成长的一种境界

如果说体验良心可以称之为教师道德成长的一种高境界的话，我以为教师专业化成长的高境界则可以概括为体验智慧。这种提法基于对时下人们逐步重视起来的教师专业化问题的反思，严格说来，是基于人们重视教师专业化却并没有充分地弄清专业化的实质。     

论大学教师师范性及其养成困境

大学教师师范性是基于学术性与道德性的教学智慧,是大学教师自身专业化的必备素养,体现了教学在向教学自身回归,也是研究型教师的有效成长途径。重视教学、提高人才培养素质必须重视大学教师师范性的养成。当前,大学教师师范性养成中存在的若干问题使得大学教师师范性养成之道的探讨尤为重要。伴随大学教师专业化,师范性养成是一个长期的内外修炼过程。     

以师范职业能力培养为核心的高师美术教育研究

高师美术教育是美术专业的师范职业教育,以师范职业能力培养为核心是高师美术教育的定位和特色体现,也是高师美术教育的功能与职责所在。在注重提高学术性的同时,应突出师范性,充分重视教师职业技能训练的研究,探究、更新师范职业能力培养模式,促进教师专业成长,为实现美术教师教育专业化奠定基础。     

关于我国教师教育中三个论争的思考

师范性与学术性、文理分科还是综合、教师上岗凭借学历还是教师资格证书 ,这三个问题是我国教师教育正在研究和探讨的问题。本文认为学术性与师范性并不是非此即彼的对立关系 ,二者是可以融合和协调的 ;文理分科还是综合只是课程设置形式上的问题 ,最根本的是要在教师或准教师头脑中形成文理汇通的教育理念 ;高学历不等于高素质 ,实施教师资格证书制度是保证教师专业化水平的基本措施     

论教师教育学术性与师范性之整合

学术性与师范性是教师教育的一对基本矛盾,教师教育一直面临着学术性与师范性之争的问题,而且始终未能较好地协调好这一对关系.教师专业化作为教师教育发展的目标和趋势,已成为教师教育学术性与师范性逐步整合的根本途径.     

师范性与学术性：从对立走向整合

师范性与学术性是高等师范教育的两大基石，学术性是体现师范性的学术性，而师范性则是学术性保证下的师范性，两者的有机整合是教师教育专业化的基本要求，其实质在于融学术性要求于其中的师范精神。     

民国时期教师专业化与教育类课程发展

民国时期高等师范院校教育类课程的曲折发展历程充分印证了在教师教育领域中的＂钟摆＂现象。正是人们对教师专业化认识与理解的左右摇摆与飘忽不定,最终演绎了高等师范院校教育类课程发展的曲折变化。学术性与师范性是教师专业性的两大体现。民国初期教师专业化中师范性特征明显,教育类课程获得稳步发展;民国中期教师专业化中学术性倾向突出,教育类课程一定程度上被边缘化;民国后期教师专业化中学术性与师范性的整合,为教育类课程提供了广阔的发展空间。追求学术性与师范性的整合将成为教师教育课程发展的历史必然,而这也将是今后教师教育课程改革的选择方向。     

创新管理机制:高校医学教师专业化发展的有效路径——兼析新型院系合作教学管理模式

职业道德的双重性、学术性、师范性是高校医学教师专业化的三个特性。大学医学教育、入职培训、职后系统的"双职业"培训是高校医学教师专业化发展的基本路径。创新与完善管理机制是促进高校医学教师专业化发展的核心环节。     

我国教师教育：从定向教育到专业教育

一、定向教育与专业教育 :概念辨析我国教师教育理论和实践长期存在着“学术性”与“师范性”之争。学术性是指人文社会学科和自然学科及其研究的科学性—严谨性、客观性、有效性 ;而师范性是指教育学科及其研究的性质。换言之 ,人文社会科学和自然科学等具有学术性 ;培养教师所涉及的学科则具有师范性。对学术性和师范性的争论存在着两种主要的观点 :一是“对立观”———把学术性与师范性对立起来 ,人文科学学科和自然科学及其研究的学术性高 ,而教育学科及其研究是师范性的 ,学术性低。要想提高教师教育的质量和水平 ,就需要加强其学术性…     

Having a Whale of a Time

A classroom practical exercise exploring the reliability of a basic capture‐mark‐recapture method of population estimation is described using great whale conservation as a starting point. Various teaching resources are made available.     

对公推直选乡镇长与乡镇党委书记的比较

公推直选乡镇长与乡镇党委书记出现的时间、发展现状与趋势、制度依据、选举成本,以及乡镇长与乡镇党委书记在乡镇政权中的作用有明显的不同。在我们看来,直接选举乡镇党委书记,发展的空间更广阔,对乡镇民主建设与乡镇政府职能转型所起的作用更大。     

一道联赛题的推广

题1 已知实数a、b、c、d互不相等，且n＋1/b=b＋1/c=c＋1/d=d＋1/a=x．     

关于循环矩阵求逆的一种算法

给出了利用多项式的欧几里德算法判断循环矩阵的可逆性和求逆的方法     

向量与数的乘法

Vectors may also be multiplied by a number. The productof the vector a by the number λ is defined as the vector a λ=λa, the absolute value of which is obtained by multiplying theabsolute value of the vector a by the absolute value of thenumber λ, i. e. |λa|=|λ||a|, the direction coinciding withthe direction of the vector a or being in the opposite sensedepending on whether λ>0 or λ<0. If λ=0 or a=0, then λ a     

三角形的一个性质的推广

本对[1]给出的三角形的一个性质进行推广．     

向量与数的乘法

（参考译文）。 向量也可和数做乘法．向量a与数字A的乘积定义为向量aλ—λa,它的绝对值是向量a的绝对值和数字A的绝对值的乘积,     

Paving a clear path in a thick forest: a conceptual analysis of a metacognitive component

The concept of metacognition refers to one’s knowledge and control of one’s own cognitive system. However, despite being widely used, this concept is confusing because of several reasons. First, sometimes it is not at all clear what is cognitive and what is metacognitive. Second, researchers often use the same term, namely, “metacognition” even when they refer to very different aspects of this complex concept. Alternatively, researchers may use different terms to indicate the same metacognitive elements. Another foggy matter is the interrelationships among the various components of metacognition discussed in the literature. This conceptual confusion regarding the concept of metacognition and its sub-components calls for in-depth theoretical and conceptual clarifications. The goal of this article is to portray a detailed example of a conceptual analysis of meta-strategic knowledge (MSK) which is one specific component of metacognition. This specific example is used to draw a general model for conceptual analyses of additional metacognitive components. The approach suggested here is to begin with a clear definition of the target sub component of metacognition, followed by a systematic examination of this sub component according to several dimensions that are relevant to metacognition in general and to that sub component in particular. The examination should include an analysis of how the details of the definition of the target sub-component refer to: (a) general theoretical metacognitive issues raised by prominent scholars; (b) definitions formulated and issues raised by other researchers who have investigated the same (or a similar) sub-component and, (c) empirical findings pertaining to that sub-component. Finally, it should be noted that since metacognition is a relational rather than a definite concept it is important to situate the context within which the conceptual analysis takes place.     

Rate of a maintained operant as a function of temporal position within a session

McSweeney and her colleagues (e.g., McSweeney, Hatfield, & Allen, 1990) have demonstrated reliable, large magnitude rate changes in maintained operants within daily sessions under a wide variety of reinforcement schedules. The present paper examined the role of schedule of reinforcement, reinforcement rate, and total amount of food access in determining those within-session rate changes. When median rates across birds were considered, all procedures resulted in a brief period of an increasing rate, followed by a modest rate loss across the major portion of the session. However, not all individuals exhibited that pattern. When the amount of food access per session was limited by lower reinforcement rates, shorter sessions, or shorter reinforcement durations, the magnitude of the withinsession rate change was reduced from that occurring without those constraints. Additionally, under the conditions that produced strong within-session rate changes, the magnitude of the within-session rate loss was correlated with the bird’s body weight. These effects are consistent with what is typically labeledsatiation.     

Developing a professional vision of classroom practices of a mathematics teacher: views from a researcher and a teacher

The term professional vision points to the many nuanced ways professionals see. This paper traces the development of a professional vision of a researcher and a teacher looking at classroom practices. The researcher’s interest was to capture and study notable aspects of the teacher’s practice. Through a coding scheme, disparate classroom events were organized and analyzed to yield a researcher’s professional vision of the teacher’s practices. For the teacher, through reviewing the video records of his own classroom practices, his professional vision provided a basis for him to reflect and develop professionally. Leveraging on the work of the researcher, he initiated and transformed his own practices. Their collaboration yielded a mutually informed development of professional vision of classroom practices. In juxtaposing the two developments, the researcher and the teacher’s views can be contrasted, their distinctive interests highlighted and common grounds explored. Some implications for developing professional vision are drawn, and it is in the common grounds of the teacher’s professional development and seeing with a goal of enhancing of student learning that hold some promise of a mutual interest in developing a professional vision of classroom practices.