论面向真实科学

加强科学教学与科学实践的联系 ,使科学教育面向真实科学 ,是当今科学教育的一个基本理念和有重大意义的研究课题。改革传统授受模式 ,开展探究教学 ,让学生以类似科学探究的方式学习科学 ,是实现面向真实科学的基本途径。开展科学见习 ,让学生直接参与科学家的研究活动是必要的辅助措施     

真实和科学是开展探究活动的基石

科学课教学应该以探究为核心,注重让学生亲身经历一个科学探究的过程,从而形成科学的概念。所谓科学探究,就是个体通过自主地调查和研究来认识和理解自然的活动。笔者在几年的教学实践及学习活动中,发现了一些关于科学探究活动存在的问题,同时也深刻认识到科学课教学要将探究活动落到实处,要体现其真实性和科学性。     

后现代科学观及其对科学教育的启示

后现代科学观来源驳杂,其共同的特点在于质疑科学的真理性和价值中立,主张科学理论的开放性和多元性,主张科学与人文的融合。其观点虽有偏颇之处,但理性地把握其对科学教育的辨证意义,有助于在科学教育中培养创新思维、渗透人文教育。     

让学生经历真实的数学体验

波利亚指出：学生要牢固地掌握数学,就必须用内心的创造和体验方式来学数学．在数学教学中,如何根据学生的认知特点把抽象的数学“物化”为学生的生活经验,再帮助学生用在数学重组生活经验的过程中,促进学生真实的数学体验,让学生充分体验数学知识发生、发展的自然性、流畅性、合理性,在愉快真实的数学体验中有效建构有意义的数学知识,是我们应该认真思考的问题．教学案例用平实的语言,在行云流水般自然的教学行进脉络中,让我们和学生一起,体验了“三边对应相等的两个三角形全等”形成的完整过程,为我们展示了一个关注学生真实数学体验的优秀案例．现在,笔者试结合该案例就数学体验这个话题谈谈自己的看法．亟盼广大读者朋友也能认真关注学生在数学教学活动中的真实数学体验,切实提高数学教学效益．     

经历探究过程体验科学乐趣

上科学实验课,我们不仅要引领学生经历探究,更应该注重探究活动的效益,让学生体验科学的乐趣,这就要求教师精心设计典型的探究活动,根据学生的情况确定探究活动的目。具体方法如下：1、创设情境,激发探究,2、生成问题,引领探索,3、展示交流,体验探究,4、评价激活,深化探究。     

经历科学·体验科学·理解科学——我的教学主张

中国古代称科学为格物致知——即格物而致知,既要去格物,去调查、研究、观察、实验等,同时又要格出物的性质、物的规律性这些知来。爱因斯坦指出:科学是探求意义的经历。他所谓的意义,就是关于自然的性质、规律性、理论解释模     

科学探究的内涵及其在科学教学中的运用

由小学自然课发展而来的科学课,在教育理念上发生了重大变化.由对科学知识的重视转向对学生动手体验的重视,进而发展为对科学探究的重视,是一个巨大的进步.但当前人们对科学探究的理解有失偏颇.科学探究不是一种特定的方法,而是灵活的迭代的过程.科学探究与科学知识紧密地联系在一起.在科学探究中,学生可以获得对科学探究本质的理解和对...     

经历探究过程 建构科学概念

在科学课教学中,教师如伺引导学生展开自主、合作、探究学习,从众多客观事物中舍弃个别的、非本质的属性,抽象出共同的、本质的属性,把事物的共同特征归结在一起,概括形成科学概念,是中高年级科学启蒙教育必须深入研究的课题。科学概念的建构,必须建立在学生自己原有的生活经验的基础上。     

幼儿园科学探究模式研究

我国幼儿教育改革的热点之一,是幼儿园的科学教育改革。幼儿科学学习的核心是激发探究兴趣,体验探究过程,发展初步的探究能力。本文分析了影响幼儿探究行为的因素,总结了幼儿园科学探究的几种模式,旨在帮助幼儿吸取科学经验,为进一步学习科学奠定基础。     

初中科学教师探究式科学教学自我效能感的影响因素研究

通过问卷调查法对236名初中科学教师进行了调查。结果表明,修编的教师探究式科学教育自我效能感具有较好的信度;省重点中学教师的探究式科学教学效能感显著高于一般中学教师,和性别、职称、学校类型以及教龄这些因素相比,教师对科学本质的认识对教师探究式科学教学自我效能感具有相对更为重要的预测作用,可以解释教师探究式科学教学自我效能感变异量的10%。     

美国基础科学教育改革及其主要特点--兼谈加强我国科学教育研究

美国20世纪80年代中期以来开展的新一轮基础科学教育改革，是60年代科学教育改革的继续和深化。其基本特点蕴含着值得我国科学教育改革借鉴的丰富经验，如科学教育改革得到全社会的支持，尤其是科学界和企业界的大力支持；科学课程改革具有系统性和配套措施；科学教育改革高度重视科学探究和科学教育的普及；尤其值得我们重视的是，美国科学教育改革有大量的科学教育理论研究的支持。     

中小学科学教师探究教学观的国际研究述评

探究教学成为国际科学教育领域的热点问题,中小学科学教师的探究教学观直接影响他们的教学实践,本文综合考察了国际上有关该领域的研究成果,以期对探究教学理论和实践研究提供启示。     

Air Toxics Under the Big Sky: examining the effectiveness of authentic scientific research on high school students’ science skills and interest

Air Toxics Under the Big Sky is an environmental science outreach/education program that incorporates the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) 8 Practices with the goal of promoting knowledge and understanding of authentic scientific research in high school classrooms through air quality research. This research explored: (1) how the program affects student understanding of scientific inquiry and research and (2) how the open-inquiry learning opportunities provided by the program increase student interest in science as a career path. Treatment students received instruction related to air pollution (airborne particulate matter), associated health concerns, and training on how to operate air quality testing equipment. They then participated in a yearlong scientific research project in which they developed and tested hypotheses through research of their own design regarding the sources and concentrations of air pollution in their homes and communities. Results from an external evaluation revealed that treatment students developed a deeper understanding of scientific research than did comparison students, as measured by their ability to generate good hypotheses and research designs, and equally expressed an increased interest in pursuing a career in science. These results emphasize the value of and need for authentic science learning opportunities in the modern science classroom.     

美国社区大学

以美国伊里诺州TRITON学院为例，通过对学位及证书教育、大学预科教育、职业教育等的教学计划和教学方式的论述和分析，说明了美国是如何开办社区大学的，这对我国将要建立社区大学的计划具有参考意义。     

The effect of problem-based learning on the metacognitive awareness of pre-service science teachers

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of problem-based learning (PBL) on the metacognitive awareness of pre-service science teachers. In the study, an experimental design with pre-test/post-test control group was used. A total of 51 junior pre-service science teachers participated in the study. The study was carried out over 10 weeks and within the scope of an environmental science course. During the study, lessons in the experimental group were processed using a PBL approach while lessons in the control group were processed using a traditional teaching approach. Data were collected through a personal information form and Metacognitive Awareness Inventory. Data were then analysed using PASW Statistics 18 (SPSS Inc.). The findings of the study revealed that PBL could be an effective intervention to promote metacognitive awareness towards procedural knowledge, planning and debugging. The results are discussed based on the findings of the study.     

The effect of problem-based learning on the environmental attitudes of preservice science teachers

This study attempted to investigate the effect of problem-based learning (PBL) on the environmental attitudes of preservice science teachers. In the study, an experimental design was used with a pre-test and post-test control group. In all, 51 junior preservice science teachers participated in the study. The study was carried out over 10 weeks within the scope of an environmental science course. During the study, lessons in the experimental group were processed using a PBL approach while lessons in the control group were processed using a traditional teaching approach. Data were collected through a personal information form and environmental attitudes inventory. Data were then analysed using PASW Statistics 18 (SPSS Inc.). The findings of the study revealed a statistically significant increase in favour of the experimental group preservice science teachers’ environmental attitudes. An increase in environmental attitudes was also found in the control group; however, this increase was not statistically significant. As a result, PBL was found to be more effective than the traditional teaching approach in the development of environmental attitudes in preservice science teachers.     

Collaborative action research and project work: Promising practices for developing collaborative inquiry among early childhood preservice teachers

Excerpts from case studies of two preservice teaching teams exemplify a new approach for merging research and practice within an introductory early childhood methods course. Through participation in cycles of collaborative action research focused on the joint task of implementing long-term projects, preservice teachers evidenced change in the ways they participated in and developed an inquiry-oriented teaching stance. In particular, changes included (1) an increased awareness of the value and need to share responsibility with teammates for making curriculum decisions, (2) early attempts to self-regulate teaching behaviors through reflection-in-action, and (3) an appreciation for and use of documentation in making visible and public the relationship between teacher thinking, practice, and children's learning. While changes in level of reflectivity and practice are noted and valued, the ways in which preservice teachers’ participation begins to change may be as valuable an indicator of preservice teacher development as the possession of new knowledge and skills.     

开发资料信息 服务教学科研

院系资料室的主要职能就是收集、贮藏、传递和交流资料信息,为教学科研服务。要想为教学科研人员提供新、广、快的全方位的信息服务,就必须了解、参与和渗透到学院教学和科研活动之中,从而使服务由被动变为主动,由静态变为动态。     

The Parallels Between Philosophical Inquiry and Scientific Inquiry: Implications for science education

The ‘community of inquiry’ as formulated by C. S. Peirce is grounded in the notion of communities of discipline‐based inquiry engaged in the construction of knowledge. The phrase ‘transforming the classroom into a community of inquiry’ is commonly understood as a pedagogical activity with a philosophical focus to guide classroom discussion. But it has a broader application. Integral to the method of the community of inquiry is the ability of the classroom teacher to actively engage in the theories and practices of discipline‐based communities of inquiry so as to become informed by the norms of the disciplines, not only to aspire to competence within the disciplines, but also to develop habits of self‐correction for reconstructing those same norms when faced with novel problems and solutions, including those in the classroom. This has implications for science education and the role of educational philosophy in developing students' ability to think scientifically. But it also has broader implications for thinking critically within all key learning areas. Here we concentrate on science education. We present the parallels between philosophical inquiry and scientific inquiry that need to be realised to promote and engage with scientific inquiry in the classroom. We also discuss the conflicts between philosophical inquiry and the way inquiry science in the classroom is portrayed in the education literature. Based on philosophical and historical perceptions of science as inquiry, a practical approach to implementation of scientific inquiry in the science classroom is presented.     

关于教学型大学科研定位的文献综述

在相关文献的收集和整理的基础上,通过对大学分类和大学中科研和教学关系的研究综述,初步界定教学型大学的概念及其教学和科研的理想关系,以期提高人们对教学型大学科研定位的认识,高度重视和加强教学型大学科研定位的理论研究和实践探索。