高中生的大学升学抱负和升学选择--兼论其他社会经济因素的影响

根据对安徽省和上海市高中3年级学生的抽样问卷调查分析,结果表明,升学和就业选择不受大学升学抱负安定性的影响,但是本科和专科选择受升学抱负变化的影响,升学抱负形成越早,越有可能到本科院校学习。     

浅议高职高专毕业生就业去向的选择

如今,高职高专院校普遍存在,其毕业生就业问题成为关乎学校发展、关乎社会发展的重大问题,如何指导高职高专院校毕业生妥善选择就业方向至关重要。本文在分析高职高专院校毕业生选择就业去向时面对的各种问题的基础上提出了相应的建议。     

试论用体育疗法消除大学生择业时的心理障碍

结合大学生择业时产生的一些不良心理现象,运用体育自身的功能,提出了消除这一心理障碍的体育疗法和改善、调节大学生择业时心理状态的方法。     

Web挖掘在网络教育中的应用研究

在前人的基础上，给出了一个改进的数据挖掘算法，以此发现相似学习者群体、相关Web页面和频繁访问路径。     

Students' choice of college major and their perceived fairness of the procedure: evidence from Turkey

This study investigated the relative influence of factors and persons in college major choice and procedural justice perceptions of 449 undergraduate students enrolled in 1 private and 2 public universities in Turkey. Results showed that students found themselves to be the most influential person in their choice of college major, followed by parents/other family members. With regard to the factors, interest in the subject, guaranteed employment, expected earnings in the field, the university entrance exam score, and a prestigious career were ranked, respectively. Striking differences were found among majors. Findings also suggested that, whereas male and female students' choices were influenced by very similar factors and persons, female students declared more procedural justice.     

Elite destinations: pathways to attending an Ivy League university

As higher education expands and becomes more differentiated, patterns of class stratification remain deeply entrenched, in part due to class‐based differences in college choice. A qualitative study of 50 Yale students shows the effects of social class, high schools and peers on students’ pathways to college. For students from wealthy and highly educated families, the choice of an Ivy League institution becomes normalized through the inculcated expectations of families, the explicit positioning of schools, and the peer culture. Without these advantages, less‐privileged students more often place elite institutions outside the realm of the possible – in part because of concerns of elitism. These findings suggest that even low‐socioeconomic status students with exceptional academic credentials must overcome substantial hurdles to arrive at an Ivy League university.     

大学生婚恋观细化比较研究

采用随机抽样的问卷调查方法,以宁德师范学院在校生为调查对象,细化考察大学生的婚恋观现状,同步比较了男女生之间、有无恋爱经历者之间、大一和大二学生之间对所有调查指标的响应情况,尝试进行婚恋观差异绝对值、平均差异绝对值、差异度等数据的统计和分析．结果表明,不同群体的大学生婚恋观存在明显差异,有必要开展分类指导,对此进行细化研究有现实意义．     

On the Path to College: Three Critical Tasks Facing America's Disadvantaged

A middle high school student's likelihood of continuing on to college or university rests on the completion of at least three critical tasks: (a) acquiring at least minimal college qualification, (b) actually graduating from high school, and (c) applying to a 4-year college or university. Eighty-one percent of those 1988 eighth graders who completed these three tasks enrolled in college by 1994. The path to college among socioeconomically disadvantaged middle high school students can best be characterized as hazardous. By 1994, just 1 out of 10 of the original class of 1988 poor eighth graders was attending a 4-year institution. Comparative analyses of lowest and highest SES students reveal substantial differences between these two groups, favoring upper-SES individuals at each of the three tasks on the path to college. These substantial SES-gaps are reduced, if not eliminated, once a number of influential school-based and family background variables are taken into account.     

大学生职业生涯阻碍因素之比较研究

采用开放式问卷对118名大学生进行调查,结果显示:(1)大学生职业生涯阻碍存在着显著的性别差异。男生更注意来自个人内在主观方面的阻碍,女生所知觉到的阻碍则更多的来自于外在,尤其是社会人际因素对女生造成的心理负担比男生更大。(2)与国外大学生相比,我国大学生十分重视人际关系、家庭经济和自信心水平对自身职业生涯发展的影响。     

如何提高大学课堂教学质量

结合大学教学实际及笔者多年教学经验,分析了当今大学课堂教学中存在的主要问题,提出提高大学课堂教学质量的一些措施。     

Determinants of institutional attractiveness to bright,prospective college students

This article examines the institutional characteristics which affect the attractiveness of colleges and universities to bright, prospective students. The dependent variable was formed by using the expressed college preferences of the highest scoring third of all students taking the National Merit Scholarship Exam in 1964–65 and 1972–73. Twenty-eight independent variables were factor analyzed and selected variables entered into a stepwise multiple regression. Low tuition, well-credentialed faculty, research orientation, and fiscal strength appear as the important factors in raising institutional attractiveness.     

如何培养大学生自主学习英语的能力

当今社会英语被广泛使用,越来越多的信息通过英语直接传输。学好英语能够直接接受这些信息。本文讲述了在大学阶段如何培养学生英语自主学习的能力,以适应信息社会和终生学习的社会的需要。     

The power of positional competition and market mechanism: a case study of recent parental choice development in China

This article draws on data collected during a pilot study conducted in two west London schools exploring young people’s understandings of success. It considers ways in which ‘discourses of success’, as part of New Labour’s project of re‐inventing schooling, may shape young people’s subjectivity. The article examines articulations between New Labour policy and aspects of social difference and how these structure new identifications with success. In particular, the article explores how class, gender and ethnicity shape discourses of success and how they are implicated in their distribution. In conclusion, the article indicates how current education policy (particularly in relation to educational success) articulates the ‘public’ domain with dimensions of the ‘private’ self and suggests that understanding this is vital in the pursuit of social justice.     

The effects of the Kalamazoo Promise on college choice

On November 10, 2005, then Superintendent of the Kalamazoo Public School System, Janice Brown announced—to the surprise of Kalamazoo’s residents—the beginning of the Kalamazoo Promise. Fully funded by a set of anonymous donors, the Kalamazoo Promise is an urban revitalization program that offers up to four years of free tuition to any public college or university in the state of Michigan for graduates of the Kalamazoo Public School system who meet certain eligibility criteria. Using the subsidy as a source of exogenous variation in the price of college, we use quasi-experimental methods to evaluate the impact of the subsidy on college choice. We find that the Kalamazoo Promise increases the likelihood that students from Kalamazoo Public Schools consider public institutions in Michigan. In addition, we find that the Kalamazoo Promise especially impacts the college choice set of students from families who earn less than $50,000 in annual income.     

浅谈提高高校德育实效性的途径

高校德育是培养大学生正确人生观、价值观的主渠道、主阵地,对促进社会主义精神文明建设和塑造德才兼备的跨世纪人才发挥着重要作用,但目前高校德育效果却不太理想。本文主要分析探讨了高校德育效果不佳的原因,并从原因中探讨增强德育实效之法。     

交通方式划分的非集计模型——以蚌埠为例

为研究影响城市交通结构的主要因素,建立出行者属性与个体出行方式选择的合理关系模型.所有的出行者相关属性数据均由统计资料获得,方式选择数据由蚌埠市居民出行调查的数据获得.应用非集计模型来建立个人属性、家庭属性和出行属性与方式选择间的函数关系.建模结果表明：居民出行交通方式选择与个人属性、家庭属性和出行属性之间有较稳定的关系,其随着时间的推移变化甚微.非集计模型所推算的交通方式结构较为精确,可用于交通方式结构的预测.此外,所建模型亦能识别方式分担的主要影响因素,从而实现交通方式结构优化.     

A methodology to understand student choice of higher education institutions: the case of the United Kingdom

The need to understand how prospective students decide which higher education institution to attend is becoming of paramount importance as the policy context for higher education moves towards market-based systems in many countries. This paper provides a novel methodology by which student preferences between institutions can be assessed, using the United Kingdom as a case study. It applies both revealed preference and discrete choice modelling techniques to estimate the priority attributes and potential trade-offs of students choosing between different UK universities. Whereas the former methodology has the advantage of being based on actual decisions, the latter provides an experimental setting for more nuanced findings to be elicited; the combination of approaches allows for a rich and detailed set of results. This methodology can also be used to ask detailed strategic questions of higher education institutions and further applied to other international markets.     

Weighing the difference: the validity of multiplicative and subtractive approaches to item weights in an instrument assessing college choice decisions

The Admitted Student Questionnaire Plus (ASQ⁺) is a standardised measure that provides an analysis of the student's college selection process. Among other things, the instrument inquires about the importance of 16 college characteristics, followed by quality ratings of specific colleges that the student considered on these same characteristics. This study investigated the utility of importance weights in the assessment of college choice, examining how much the importance rating would improve one's ability to predict the student's actual college choice over and above what is possible with just the quality ratings. Another purpose of the study was to determine if importance ratings and quality ratings were independent of each other or associated in some way. Two types of weights were studied: (1) standardised weights created by averaging the importance ratings of the entire sample; and (2) subjective weights unique to each respondent. The weights were combined with quality ratings by either: (1) multiplying the quality rating by the importance rating; or by (2) subtracting the quality rating from the importance rating (gap score). Standardised weights did not improve prediction at all, and subjective weights only improved the predictability of college choice by a very miniscule amount (about 1%). Importance and quality ratings were found to be associated, especially in the ratings of the college that the student decided to attend. Some correlations were linear in nature, but many were non-linear, such that characteristics rated high or low were perceived as more important than characteristics assigned mid-range quality ratings. It was concluded that importance weights do not enhance prediction of college choice, but they may be useful for administrators in prioritising interventions.     

教育需求方对高等教育专业选择意愿的调查研究

高等教育的专业设置必须考虑教育需求方的要求 ,调查问卷表明 :学生选择时注重专业设置胜过学校声望与位置 ;学生喜欢选择与经济接轨的专业 ;家长与学生在法律、英语、心理、管理方向的选择上有显著性差异 ;高等教育的招生政策应更灵活 ;有必要对学生进行升学与就业指导。