Disposition versus situation: Neurocommunlcology and the influence of trait apprehension versus situational factors on state public speaking anxiety

Research indicates that individuals with elevated levels of public speaking anxiety report significantly different mental representations of the public speaking context, when compared to individuals with lower levels of anxiety. To examine the effect of the differences in mental representations, narratives for three public speaking contexts were developed. Results indicated that disposition (i.e., trait apprehension) was a better predictor of state anxiety when giving an impromptu speech. Situational factors (i.e., importance, skills, impression), however, were better predictors of state anxiety when either giving a speech to a 5^th grade class or giving a speech to friends.     

Two empirical tests of a videotape designed to reduce public speaking anxiety

These studies were designed to determine: 1) if a videotape could be used to help people cope with public speaking anxiety; 2) how this videotape compared with other interventions; 3) whether the video could be used on a self‐help basis; and 4) whether the video would be effective over time. These issues were addressed in two separate studies. These studies indicated that the videotape reduced self‐reported levels of trait CA, state CA, and negative thinking. The first study linked the videotape to reduced rigidity while the second linked the videotape to reduced agitation. The second study also found trait CA to be reduced over time. Meta‐analysis was used to compare these data with other interventions. That analysis revealed this videotape was generally more effective than other interventions in reducing trait CA in study one. The videotape was found to reduce state CA and negative thinking more than other interventions in study two. These and other results are discussed at the conclusion of these studies.     

大学生心理特征、问题与高校图书馆工作

对大学生进行心理健康教育是社会发展的需要,也是21世纪对人才素质的基本要求,更是高校图书馆义不容辞的责任。文章就大学生心理健康的现状,分析了大学生的心理特征以及存在问题,对高校图书馆如何参与大学生心理健康教育的主要路径与模式进行了探讨。     

A study of the characteristics of student raters of public speaking performances

Social psychologists generally have rejected the notion that leadership can be explained by divine inspiration, inherited characteristics, or by a fortuitous combination of personal traits. Some modern theorists have proposed instead a situational theory of leadership, arguing that persons who emerge as leaders do so because their special talents are essential to the group at the moment. The same person, therefore, is unlikely to persist in a position of leadership from one group setting to another unless the conditions are similar.

This study reports an attempt to measure the degree of consistency in leadership status of twenty‐five subjects who were randomly assigned to groups solving problems of a motor, artistic, mathematical, literary, social, and spatial character. At the conclusion of each stage of the experiment, nominations for group leaders were made for a second round of a similar activity. Status scores, based on perceived leadership adequacy, were then compared for the various group tasks, and correlation coefficients determined. On the whole, the results of the study tend to support the view that leadership is dependent upon situational variables, at least two of which seem to be changes in group tasks and membership.     

图书馆与大学生创新能力的培养

创新型人才的培养是我国高等教育的重要目标，作为高校三大支柱之一的图书馆，在培养大学生创新能力方面发挥着怎样的作用呢？本文从四个方面对此进行了论述；为创新能力的培养提供知识积累：为技术创新提供科技信息；为科研课题的选择提供指导作用；为大学生信息能力的提高提供培训。     

开展阅读疗法为大学生心理健康服务

通过对阅读疗法的介绍以及大学生心理健康现状的分析,阐述了学校图书馆开展阅读疗法的意义和作用,并提出学校图书馆如何开展阅读疗法服务,更好地为促进大学生的心理健康服务.     

关于中国大学图书馆向公众开放问题的思考

介绍了国内外大学图书馆向公众开放的历史和现状,认为中国大学图书馆向公众开放的条件日臻成熟,并提出实行中国大学图书馆对公众开放的思路.     

略论大学生的信息素质教育

本文论述了加强大学生的信息素质教育是信息社会发展的需要,信息素质教育应该是大学生素质教育的重要组成部分,传统的文献检索课教育将被信息素质教育所涵盖。     

大学生个人知识管理初探

针对大学生学习的特点,分析了个人知识管理的必要性,论述了大学生个人知识管理实施的步骤,在个人专业知识需求分析、个人知识管理工具的选择、个人知识获取、个人专业知识体系的建立和维护、个人知识的交流和共享等方面提出了一些建议。     

Teaching assistant communication apprehension,willingness to communicate,and state communication anxiety in the classroom

This study investigated the nature of teaching assistant communication apprehension in the university classroom. Teaching assistants were given a survey assessing their general level of communication apprehension and their general willingness to communicate. Additionally, teaching assistant state anxiety specifically associated with teaching in the classroom was assessed. Analyses revealed significant negative correlations between teaching assistant communication apprehension and teaching experience, training in content, and training in teaching. Teaching assistant willingness to communicate was positively correlated with teaching experience and training in content. Teaching assistant state anxiety in the classroom was negatively correlated with training in content and training in teaching.     

医学院校图书馆与公众健康信息素养

针对我国公众健康信息素养的现状,分析了医学院校图书馆参与公众健康信息素养教育的必要性和可行性,并提出医学院校图书馆参与公众健康信息素养教育的方法与措施。     

论面向大学生的信息素养教育创新

大学生应在掌握基本信息知识和信息技能的基础上,形成良好的信息意识及情感,具备一定的信息获取、加工、存储、鉴别、运用和交流的能力,严格遵守信息伦理道德,维护信息安全,能够自主承担社会责任并具有一定的创新发展能力。文章讨论了大学生信息素养的内容、培养途径以及教学模式。     

Faculty perceptions,use, and needs of library resource and services in a public research university

This research aims to examine whether faculty's perceptions of the importance of the library's resources and services for their teaching, clinical practice or research were different based on disciplines, and to explore the degree that faculty's perceptions of the library's importance and its role have changed over time. The findings revealed that online journals, databases, and Interlibrary loan (ILL) were considered by the majority of faculty as the most important for faculty's research. Another key finding indicated that faculty from social sciences perceived assistance from a subject specialist librarian as more important than faculty members from physical sciences. The top three strategies faculty use to obtain articles not available through the university include searching for a freely available online version, using ILL, and obtaining it from Google Scholar. These findings assist the library to better understand our user community's needs. As this survey is regularly deployed, it also allows us to observe potential changes over time, and as necessary, make strategic changes to library resources and services.     

高校图书馆学生参与管理委员会模式的探索

高校图书馆参与式发展理论的提出,突出了学生在高校图书馆管理中的主体地位,强调了学生与馆员的共同管理。文章借鉴参与式发展理论,探索学生参与管理委员会的组织体系和模式构建。     

论高校图书馆在公共文化服务体系中的有效参与

参与公共文化服务不仅是新形势下高校图书馆为促进地方经济、文化、科教等事业发展应尽的责任与义务,也是自身求得进一步发展的有效途径和必然选择。文章分析了高校图书馆参与公共文化服务的优势,并针对存在的诸如思想观念、管理制度、人力资源等方面的障碍,探讨了高校图书馆参与公共文化服务的有效途径。     

对大学生信息素质教育内容与方法的探讨

从信息素质教育的内容入手,进行研究与分析,并论述了信息素质教育在图书馆的重要地位和优势,从而提出了高校图书馆强化对大学生进行信息素质教育的方法和途径。参考文献4。