Single,double, and triple minorities and the evaluations of persuasive arguments

The study examines the relationship between positional minorities, social minorities (i.e., African‐Americans and women) and the evaluations of persuasive arguments within the context of hypothetical small groups. Specifically, the study predicted that positional majority arguments would be evaluated most positively when identified with social minorities and that positional minority arguments would be evaluated least positively when identified with social minorities. Results demonstrated that when majority arguments were attributed to an African‐American spokesperson, they were evaluated more favorably than when the spokesperson was European‐American. However, spokesperson race did not influence evaluations of minority arguments. Spokesperson gender also did not influence argument evaluations for either position.     

Construct comprehensiveness and cognitive complexity as predictors of the number and strategic adaptation of arguments and appeals in a persuasive message

Subjects differing in construct comprehensiveness and cognitive complexity wrote persuasive messages directed at a fictitious target person and gave written justifications for each argument or appeal used in their messages. Messages were scored for number of appeals used and appeal justifications were scored for the degree of strategic adaptation to the message target they reflected. Construct comprehensiveness correlated positively and significantly with level of strategic adaptation; cognitive complexity correlated positively and significantly with number of appeals used and level of strategic adaptation.     

The persuasive force of similarity in cognitive style between advocate and audience

Prior research indicates that when a bargaining representative is held accountable by a constituency, tough, distributive bargaining is often the result and deadlocks become more probable. This study focuses upon two variables that have been hypothesized to mitigate against such debilitating effects: authority to reach agreements and self‐monitoring. The results confirmed the debilitating effects of accountability. Bargainers held accountable made more extreme initial offers, thought they were perceived to be less cooperative, took more time to negotiate, were more likely to deadlock, and were less satisfied with the outcomes than bargainers not held accountable. Authority interacted with accountability to influence straying from the group's aspiration level on initial and final offers. When accountable, bargainers with authority initially strayed further from the group's position but deviated less on their final offer than bargainers without authority. Delegated authority significantly reduced the number of deadlocks experienced by accountable bargainers but the level of deadlocks remained greater than when accountability was absent. Correlations involving self‐monitoring usually were significant only within the accountability conditions and indicated that high self‐monitors initially strayed less from the group's position but deviated more on their final offer than low self‐monitors.     

A comparison of distributional and sequential structure in cooperative and competitive group discussions

This study examined the sequential and distributional structures emerging in cooperative and competitive group discussions in an effort to determine whether group motivations or time of preparation accounted for earlier findings reported by Gouran and Baird. Both explanations received support. Analyses of obtained data suggested that the amount of preparation time allowed a group affects the overall degree of interaction structure, while the group members’ motivations determine specific structural patterns.     

The relationship between the developmental level of persuasive strategies and their effectiveness

Research on the development of persuasive communication skills has described the emergence of four basic strategies in persuasive messages. This study includes two experiments to assess the role these strategies play in the process of gaining compliance. In both, college students received messages requesting they volunteer for an experiment and advocating compliance. Messages differed in the level of strategic adaptation of the compliance‐gaining appeal they offered. In general, form of request (supported versus unsupported) and content of specific message appeals influenced compliance, but level of strategic adaptation made little or no contribution to message effectiveness.     

Establishing the structure of reality for an industry: model and anti-model arguments as advocacy in Nike's crisis communication

This study illustrates the potential role of model and anti-model arguments in organizational crisis communication. Specifically, model and anti-model arguments are described as a strategy for moving the focus of a crisis from an organization to its industry. Model arguments enable organizations to establish their corrective action as industry standards that merit imitation. Conversely, organizations can set minimum standards for their industries with anti-model arguments. Phil Knight's May 12, 1998, speech announcing Nike's new initiatives in global manufacturing is analyzed as a case study. The essay concludes that model and anti-model arguments can suspend criticism of the organization, create the foundation for a return to industry prominence by the organization, and establish proposed new industry standards that are favorable to the organization.     

Audience commitment and source knowledge of audience as determinants of attitude change following counterattitudinal advocacy

This study tested two hypotheses growing out of the aversive consequences interpretation of counterattitudinal advocacy effects: first, that persons encoding counterattitudinal messages for a known audience will report greater attitude change toward the position advocated than persons encoding counterattitudinal messages for an unknown audience; and, second, that persons encoding counterattitudinal messages for an uncommitted audience will demonstrate greater attitude change toward the position advocated than persons encoding counterattitudinal messages for a committed audience. After completing an attitude pretest, subjects encoded counterattitudinal essays favoring two years of mandatory military service for all male high school graduates. Analyses of the attitude change scores produced confirmation of both hypotheses.     

Fred Allen and Radio Comedy as a Vehicle of Social Criticism

Fred Allen, a leading network radio comedian from 1932 to 1949, was one of the few broadcast comics to specialize in social commentary. In a medium which strove to avoid the controversial, Allen performed three important functions of the social critic. He denied the truth of cherished American beliefs and toppled sacred national idols. He challenged the authority of dominant social groups, particularly business leaders, most particularly network radio executives. Finally, he defended the freedom of the individual artist especially writers and performers, in the mass media. Allen's legacy is a reminder that radio during the 1930s and 1940s offered more than diverting amusement.     

图书馆作为公共空间的社会价值及能力提升

图书馆公共空间具有促进社会民主与公平、促进社会和谐与包容的社会价值。图书馆公共空间能力可以通过优化阵地服务,开展延伸服务,构建文化公共空间与网络公共空间等方式加以提升。     

社交媒体平台作为档案库的内涵及特点解析

充分诠释社交媒体平台的档案特质有助于形成更加成熟可行的社交媒体信息档案化管理方案,亦可推进档案管理理论与方法的数字转型。本文以理论构建的方法从社交媒体档案库的形成基础、档案特性、新特征三个层面逐级推导社交媒体平台作为档案库的内涵及特点。本文论证了社交媒体平台可被视作档案库这一提法,并提出形成的社交媒体档案库是基于社交媒体活跃的信息活动构建的信息资源库,因其具有档案价值和日益普遍的档案化管理行为而实现档案库的建构,这个档案库亦从时空、主体、关联性以及价值等方面呈现新特征,由此成为档案管理数字转型的重要阵地。     

Gladwell and group communication: Using The Tipping Point as a supplemental text

Objectives: Students will apply group communication concepts, terms, and theories to their reading of The Tipping Point through short quizzes, presentations, and papers.

Courses: Undergraduate Group Communication courses (could also be adapted for Organizational, Leadership, or Interpersonal classes)     

Television and Social Identity: Race Representation as "White" Accommodation

The influence of race representation on White viewers' feelings, perceptions, and opinions is evaluated. Participants indicate more liking for Black as opposed to White commentators. Participants perceive the least similarity between a Black and a White commentator who disagree with each other, but great Similarity between a Black and a White commentator who agree with each other. Results are discussed with respect to aversive or enlightened racism and the accommodation of White identity.     

以书育人开展以青少年为主体的社会读书活动

作为人民的终身学校的公共图书馆应该大力开展社会读书活动,本文介绍了常德市图书馆开展社会读书活动所收到的良好效果。     

从情报学角度看社会科学学术评价

由于学术评价活动中蕴含着丰富的信息评价、信息管理内容,文章试从情报学角度对社会科学学术评价进行理论解读,以揭示出社会科学学术评价活动过程中的信息内涵,从中领悟出科研管理与信息管理之间的联系和沟通。     

北京市第四届社科优秀期刊评选工作圆满结束本刊荣膺北京市社科"优秀期刊"

本刊讯 7月27日,北京市新闻出版局发出《关于我市社科期刊1997年质量评定及第四届社科优秀期刊评选情况的通报》.     

权力因素在档案建构社会记忆中的消极作用及其应对策略

自由的、不受拘束的人文科学知识是不存在的。档案是社会活动的产物,其生成管理过程中必不可少地会受到各种因素的影响,其中来自权力的积极和消极作用是不可忽视的。本文     

The Institutionalization of Community Radio as a Social Movement Organization: 4ZZZ as a Radical Case Study

The Australian community radio sector has played an important role in the social movement of media democratization, both locally and more broadly, however, little attention has been paid to this sector as a social movement. This research maps the organizational history of Brisbane community radio station, 4ZZZ, to examine the impacts of institutionalism on the station, viewed as a social movement organization (SMO). It argues that while SMOs typically move from an oppositional position of protest to one that is increasingly institutional, this does not necessarily dilute the effectiveness of SMOs over time.     

公共图书馆作为城市“第三空间”的社会功能与构建策略

随着移动通信技术与互联网的发展,公共图书馆的社会功能与地位受到了很大的影响.“第三空间”视角的出现,为解决当前公共图书馆面临的尴尬处境提供了有效的解决思路.文章对“第三空间”的概念和特点进行探讨,分析了公共图书馆作为“第三空间”的必要性及功能,最后对构建作为“第三空间”的公共图书馆提出了一些建议.