大学生参与度评价:高教质量评估的新视角——美国“全国学生参与度调查”的解析

美国"全国学生参与度调查"(NSSE)是一项在全国范围内调查四年制本科学生对有效学习活动投入程度的年度研究.该调查通过对"学生投入到有效学习活动中的时间与精力"以及"高校在多大程度上促进学生更好地参与"这两大因素的分析来评价学生的学习效度和高等院校的质量.NSSE调查注重学生真实的学习经验,关注高校的教学能力,是一项真正基于学生学习和高校教学的院校评价方式.     

Student Group Project Work: A Pioneering Experiment in Interactive Engagement

Fully half of the curriculum of Roskilde University, Denmark(RUC), is student-driven group research project work, often interdisciplinary. I shall describe the practice of group project work in the sciences at RUC, and evaluate implications for educational practice in the U.S.     

Improving Student Engagement in Commercial Art and Design Programmes

The continued viability of art and design programmes depends on our ability to produce graduates able to contribute successfully and confidently to the future of the creative industries. This in turn depends on our ability to lead students to develop both the ability and the motivation to learn. A significant proportion of our students however, are not adequately prepared or inclined to engage with the learning environment. Based on a review of the literature on student engagement, this article attempts to identify the origins and examine the impact of the perceptions and attitudes (the ‘mental pictures’) that currently limit our students' ability and inclination to engage as well as those factors (including the features of our programmes) through which these ‘mental pictures’ may be inadvertently reinforced. It then proposes a number of practical suggestions to make more effective use of the learning outcomes of art and design programmes in order to mitigate their influence and thereby improve both our graduates' capacity and inclination to become more competent professionals, as well as self‐directed learners.     

基于视频案例下初中数学课堂学生参与度分析

学生是知识建构的主体,其课堂行为既能反映学生参与学习、知识建构的程度,同时也能体现教师教学的特点.课堂视频可以有效记录学生课堂参与的过程,是课堂教学研究的新途径.对初中数学课堂视频分析,发现初中生课堂参与行为有以下特点:学生应答行为发生最频繁;学生集体回答次数远多于学生独立应答次数;学生应答和课堂练习所占时间最长;在课堂练习阶段,学生的参与行为出现的次数最多;学生在课堂上极少提问.     

Engaging Minds in the Common Core: Integrating Standards for Student Engagement

With the implementation of Common Core State Standards (CCSS) many teachers continue to search for ways to engage students in the learning process while meeting the rigorous demands of the standards. Researchers suggest that by providing opportunities for higher order thinking, student choice, and creative ways to showcase knowledge, students will find engagement and motivation in the classroom. Many teachers of adolescent students struggle with ways to integrate these approaches while meeting the standards. The purpose of this article is to provide examples of engaging literacy strategies that focus on the Common Core State Standards for middle and high school students.     

The Construct Validity of Student Engagement: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis Approach

As institutions seek to promote student engagement on campus, the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) is increasingly being used to chart progress and compare results using the Five Benchmark Scores. While recent research has begun to decompose the five benchmarks in a variety of ways; few research studies have sought to explore the underlying structure of these five benchmarks, their interdependence, and the extent to which the items do reflect those five dimensions. This study begins to address the instrument’s construct validity by submitting a single, first-time freshman cohort’s NSSE responses to a confirmatory factor analysis, and proposes as an alternative, eight “dimensions” of student engagement that fit this set of data slightly better and in a more useful way. Results have practical implications for institutions utilizing NSSE, but also contain conceptual implications pertaining to the application of these benchmarks.     

A Typology of Student Engagement for American Colleges and Universities

The Carnegie classification system has served as a framework for research on colleges and universities for more than 30 years. Today, the systems developers are exploring criteria that more effectively differentiate among institutions. One approach being considered is classifying institutions based on students educational experiences. This study explored whether it is possible to create a typology of institutions based on students experiences. Results indicated that such a typology could be created, and the types were somewhat independent of institutional mission (i.e., Carnegie classification)Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Institutional Research, Boston, MA (May 2004)     

Engagement with research: acknowledging uncertainty in methodology

Method creates relationships in research. It positions everyone and everything in the research process. When method is based on a misrepresentation of science, the relationships formed are technical, closed and self-referential. Using a Deleuze–Guattari framework we are concerned that scientific method in qualitative research solidifies, crystallizes and archaeologizes the research. This paper questions what is being ruled out and deemed as unimportant, or indeed contaminating and fallacious in such research. We argue for the acknowledgement of uncertainty as this allows for more engagement with the research and researched. Deleuze and Guattari argue for multiplicity, connectivity and becoming. This paper calls for acknowledging and mentoring uncertainty at every stage of the teaching and learning of method.     

学习性投入调查:本科教育质量保障的新视角

分析美国大学生学习性投入调查产生的背景,介绍其调查内容、调查结果及结果运用,以及对我国本科教育质量保障的借鉴意义：本科教育质量保障应将质量关注的视点从学校主体转向学生主体,将质量保障的焦点从资源投入转向资源利用,将质量监控的重点从教育结果转向教育过程,将质量评估的落脚点从等级评估转向诊断改进。     

Philosophy of Education and Economics: A Case for Closer Engagement

Relatively little contemporary philosophy of education employs economic concepts directly. Even where issues such as marketisation of education are discussed there may be little clarification of underlying concepts. The paper argues that while much contemporary economic thinking on education may be philosophically naive, it is also the case that philosophy of education can productively engage with particular economic insights and perspectives. The paper examines particular conceptualisations of ‘economics’ and ‘the market’, drawing upon these to consider aspects of an issue that is significant for the philosophy of education: human becoming. An example, the notion of ‘wellbeing’ is briefly discussed.     

Student Engagement and School Burnout in Finnish Lower-Secondary Schools: Latent Profile Analysis

Self-ratings of behavioural engagement, cognitive engagement and school burnout were used in person-centred analyses to identify latent profiles among 2,485 Finnish lower-secondary school students. Three profiles were identified: high-engagement/low-burnout (40.6% of the sample), average-engagement/average-burnout (53.9%), and low-engagement/high-burnout (5.5%). Another sample of lower-secondary school students was used to validate the 3 profiles. The factors most strongly associated with the high-engagement/low-burnout profile of lower-secondary school students’ were high levels of support from teachers and family, good academic performance, and lack of truancy. The study indicated that teacher and family support and students’ academic achievement are pivotal in understanding student engagement and school burnout.     

Faculty do Matter: The Role of College Faculty in Student Learning and Engagement

This study uses two national data sets to explore the relationship between faculty practices and student engagement. Our findings suggest that students report higher levels of engagement and learning at institutions where faculty members use active and collaborative learning techniques, engage students in experiences, emphasize higher-order cognitive activities in the classroom, interact with students, challenge students academically, and value enriching educational experiences.     

A Case for Coach Garfinkel: Decision Making and What We Already Know

The purpose of this article is to deconstruct the decision-making processes of sports coaches through the writings of the sociologist Harold Garfinkel. Specifically, the authors draw upon Garfinkel’s (1967) writings on jurors’ decision making to challenge current cognitivist bound conceptualization to better interpret coaches’ sense-making–why and how they make their decisions. The significance of the work lies in further deciphering the meaningful structures of daily coaching lives; within whose limits coaching decisions unfold. Following a brief review of literature related to coaches’ decision making, the principal tenets of Garfinkel’s work are outlined. This gives way to an examination of Erving Goffman’s (1974) work of “frames of reference” in terms of how coaches’ decision making can be developed and improved before a reflective conclusion summarizes the main points made and their implications for future coach education.     

美国“大学生学习投入性调查”介绍及对中国高等教育的启示

基于中国高等教育质量评估的现状与问题,从多维度的评价指标,合理的机构体制,调查形式不断拓展,及时提供反馈等四个方面分析美国"大学生学习投入性调查"(NSSE)在实践中的价值,提出对中国高等教育的启示。     

Mentoring and Work Engagement for Female Accounting,Faculty Members in Higher Education

Women have comprised the majority of accounting graduates with bachelor and master degrees since the 1980s and 1990s, respectively, but currently only account for about 30% of doctoral students. Their representation in the accounting professoriate is essentially the same. Supportive strategies, such as mentoring, assist disciplines in which women are under-represented in attracting and retaining them in the work environment. Work engagement is one measure of a person’s commitment to their current employer. Therefore, understanding which aspects of mentoring increase the level of work engagement of those women currently in academia is important and can guide institutions in developing mentoring programs. In my study, I investigated factors that predict work engagement for female accounting professors.     

A Study of Detecting Student Engagement Modes in an Online Learning Platform

In this paper, we used the platform log data to extract three features (proportion of passive video time, proportion of active video time, and proportion of assignment time) aligning with different learning activities in the Interactive- Constructive-Active-Passive (ICAP) framework, and applied hierarchical clustering to detect student engagement modes. A total of 840 learning rounds were clustered into four categories of engagement: passive (n = 80), active (n = 366),constructive (n = 75) and resting (n = 319). The results showed that there were differences in the performance of the four engagement modes, and three types of learning status were identified based on the sequences of student engagement modes: difficult, balanced and easy. This study indicated that based on the ICAP framework, the online learning platform log data could be used to automatically detect different engagement modes of students, which could provide useful references for online learning analysis and personalized learning.     

Charging to the End: Course Activities for Semester‐Long Student Engagement in an Undergraduate Product Development Capstone Course

Setting instructional goals to drive student engagement in the classroom is essential, as research has shown that improved student engagement in a course will affect student success, as well as the development of key personal and professional skills. Student engagement is a multifaceted concept with multiple perspectives. In focusing on the behavioral perspective of student engagement, various effective teaching practices can be implemented to encourage engagement in a diverse study body. Utilizing validated tools, such as the Natl. Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) Engagement Themes and Indicators, can ease the development of classroom approaches to student engagement with convenience and flexibility. Semester‐long student engagement in a food science undergraduate product development capstone course was encouraged through instructional approaches styled around the NSSE Engagement Themes and Indicators. The variety of instructional approaches utilized in the capstone food science course are described in detail and discussed in relation to the NSSE Engagement Themes and Indicators with which they align.     

Democracy Plaza: A Campus Space for Civic Engagement

This article examines “Democracy Plaza,” a campus space dedicated to written and spoken communication about issues of public concern. The Plaza gives students opportunities to become civically engaged through self-expression and the exchange of ideas. A series of chalkboards on the Plaza allows them to write their thoughts and read the comments of others, and events where students can speak and deliberate about important civic matters are hosted in this space. This article discusses the concept of Democracy Plaza and its development, maintenance, and utilization as a campus space for civic engagement. Johnny Goldfinger is an Assistant Professor of Political Science at Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis. He received a B.S.Ch.E. and B.A. from the University of South Alabama, the M.A. in political science from the University of New Orleans, and the Ph.D. in political science from Duke University. His research interests include political deliberation, democratic decision-making, and civic engagement.     

盲生个别教育个案研究报告

本文运用个案研究法,通过观察和访谈等探讨盲生个别教育的有效教育对策。在对家长、学校教师及个案学生个别教育需求分析的基础上拟定个别教育一日活动表,并分领域对其进行个别教育训练。得到如下启示:在肯定家庭式个别教育的同时应充分认识到其不足之处,协调好它与学校教育的关系;充分发挥个训教师的协调作用;提高家长自身的教育素养,增强教育的一致性;大力开展伙伴教学;提供持续系统的个别教育。