中美高等教育学硕士研究生培养制度比较研究——基于厦门大学与哈佛大学的案例分析

厦门大学与哈佛大学的高等教育学硕士研究生培养步骤或环节设置基本一致,都包括对招生制度、培养目标、修业年限、课程教学、实践实习、学位论文等的规定。但哈佛大学的硕士生教育中没有关于科学研究和学位论文的要求,而且具体到其他各个环节中,两国也各有侧重和特色。究其原因在于中美两国硕士研究生教育的性质、定位不同。也正因如此,我们并不能简单地比较两国硕士研究生培养制度孰优孰劣。但参考并借鉴美国一些成熟的制度经验对我国研究生教育来说也不无裨益。     

Logging in and dropping out: exploring student non‐completion in higher education using electronic footprint analysis

Student retention in higher education might be prioritised by funding authorities and universities but robust measurement of non‐completion is elusive. This investigation explores untapped data sources to enrich understanding of non‐completion. The analysis features the main undergraduate course in a part of a large UK university with retention concerns. Three data sources were explored; Registry, course administration and electronic information systems. Discrepancies emerged in data from them, with students' electronic engagement data revealing withdrawal patterns not evident in the other sources. The departures profile revealed by the information systems data is used to conjecture association between type of departure and stage of departure drawing on time‐based retention models. The analysis also draws on material from focus groups of course administrators and tutors. The results demonstrate a new way of pinpointing and quantifying non‐completion over time, electronic footprint analysis, which provides an additional basis for formulating and monitoring retention strategies. While not explaining why individuals withdraw, they reveal more about when they appear more likely to do so. Using data already captured they constitute feasible means of improving retention.     

高校汉语专业职业生涯规划的探究

从专业培养目标阐述汉语专业大学生进行职业生涯规划的必要性。通过对高专院校的汉语专业大学生的职业生涯规划情况的调查,了解其现状及存在的问题,并提出帮助汉语专业学生完善职业生涯规划的对策。     

Tracing the changing value of higher education through English prospectuses 1976–2013

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the changing discourses of the value of degrees in prospectuses between 1976 and 2013, chosen due to the massification of higher education and use of the particular marketing tool of prospectuses. This research analysed the messages in prospectuses through the period in four English higher education institutions of different status, to consider how these changes reveal the communication of the value of the idea of a degree in the period. Four topics of the value of a degree were identified as part of the wider literature review: the value of a degree for traditional liberal purposes; as a marker of prestige of the awarding institution; for graduate employment; and for employability. The research finds that while significant change in each institution’s construction of degree value is reflected in the prospectuses, the adjustments in discourse between each set of prospectuses are incremental, and not necessarily possible to link causally to specific governmental policies. Over the period, a re-calibration of the idea of the value of a degree can be tracked towards employment purposes and away from the traditional liberal idea of higher education. However, a review of the most recent marketing materials indicates some shift back towards a re-valuation of traditional liberal values. The analysis contributes a historical perspective on how higher education can suggest markers to understand shifts in the value of a degree, and also draws on literatures that use institutional materials to examine public discourses of value.     

Student perceptions of support services and the influence of targeted interventions on retention in distance education

To improve student retention in distance education, Simpson suggested in 2003 that institutions analyse their own retention characteristics and ‘spot the leaks.’ In 2008 the Centre for Distance Learning at Laidlaw College, New Zealand, employed two part‐time academic support coordinators in an effort to improve student retention and success. This study compares the retention statistics for first‐time student outcomes across two semesters, one without and one with specific course retention interventions. Results are benchmarked across national data. Interviews with students who were retained revealed that students frequently attribute their success to their own efforts. Student support services in distance education might therefore be perceived by its beneficiaries as a ‘hygiene’ factor (Herzberg, 1968, 2008) in that their presence is not generally appreciated by students. However, their absence is noticed. The similarity of this finding with Shin’s institutional transactional presence (2002, 2003) is also explored.     

美国联邦政府国际学生教育政策的价值取向评析

二战后,美国联邦政府的国际学生教育政策在美国例外论、多元文化主义和实用主义价值观影响下,呈现出注重文化输出与国防安全、倡导技术移民、坚持国家利益至上的价值取向。后“9·11”时代,美国又确立了将国际学生教育作为保护国家安全和知识产权的重要屏障、吸纳海外科技创新人才的主要手段和提高经济效益的关键途径的政策理念。美国经验表明,国际学生教育政策可以与国家安全、经济贸易、文化外交、全球竞争力等多方面利益相融合,有效支撑国家发展战略。在全球学生流动受阻与大国博弈的背景下,美国的国际学生教育政策也暴露出深受外部环境牵制、吸引高科技人才政策缺乏稳定性、难以抵御高等教育财政风险的弊端。     

西南联大学生自治研究——以学生自治会为中心的考察

学生自治作为西南联大学生的管理方式,既是联大民主精神的重要体现,也是影响联大学生生活与学校发展的一条重要脉络。西南联大学生自治会是最能代表该校学生自治面貌的学生组织之一,其内部结构主要由权力机关、执行机关、监察机关构成。通过对联大学生自治会的分析可以看出,联大学生自治具有组织性、自发性、相对独立性、发展性和兼顾性的特点。同时,其自治在服务学生学习和生活、促进学生个体发展、协助学校发展建设、维系联大民主精神、改良当地社会风气方面发挥了重要作用。     

利益相关者视野中高等教育质量保障多元主体探析

高等教育质量保障活动中存在着多个利益相关者,其中政府、社会、高校和学生是高等教育质量保障的核心利益相关者。不同的利益相关者对高等教育质量有不同的价值判断和诉求,在高等教育质量保障活动中进行着质量观和质量保障权力的博弈。为了实现利益相关者整体利益的最大化,应当重视利益相关者对高等教育质量的价值诉求和质量保障权力、完善学生利益表达机制、加强利益相关者之间的合作博弈,以促进高等教育质量保障多元主体参与机制的建立和完善。     

基于价值链分析的广州大学城核心竞争力的构建

如何培育和提升广州大学城核心竞争力是其获得持续发展的关键。从价值链的观点分析,构建广州大学城核心竞争力的策略可概括为从其四大价值活动环节着手：加快高等教育大众化的进程;优化高等教育的层次结构与学科结构;运用区位优势,促进产学研一体化;加大政府扶持力度,提高高等教育国际化。     

科学教育发展观与学生主体论

科学发展观的本质问题是经济社会和人的发展协调统一,发展必须以人为本。具体体现到高等教育事业和高等学校管理上,必须树立学生主体理念,坚持以培养合格人才为根本任务,注重个性发展,充分尊重学生人格尊严和主体意识,不断满足学生全面发展的需要。