University Faculty Attitudes on Affirmative Action Principles Toward Faculty and Students

Despite its relatively short history, policies connected with Affirmative Action have endured a controversial social, political, and legal past. Higher education has witnessed much of this controversy firsthand. Because the venue of many Affirmative Action battles has been waged within educational settings, faculty in higher education are uniquely positioned because they are integrally involved in decisions regarding faculty hiring as well as student admissions, particularly at the graduate level. Therefore, this study examined the attitudes of faculty toward Affirmative Action principles and reverse discrimination as they might apply to students and faculty colleagues, with particular attention to which concepts were more supported. Results from 428 faculty indicated general support for diversity, although specific concerns were raised regarding reverse discrimination and the appropriateness of targeting persons of color or women. The most favorable attitudes supported students with demonstrated financial need. Potential future approaches to Affirmative Action in higher education are discussed.     

The Impact of Word Processing on Faculty Writing Behaviour

This paper presents the results of a research project on the impact of word processing on faculty writing behaviour. A case study methodology was used to conduct the research. Data from 120 faculty members (N = 150) were collected through questionnaires and interviews. Final results indicate that faculty are increasingly adopting word processing for writing (69%) and are changing their writing behaviour in this process: they do more revisions, write most of their works online, use computer‐mediated communication to support their writing and use spelling checkers on a regular basis. The major Expected Benefit identified by respondents is the ease of text revision: this feature is the primary cause for the adoption of word processing among faculty. The major Expected Disadvantages are the amount of learning required at the time, both initially and on an on‐going basis, that is consumed. Unexpected Outcomes of word processing were also identified, such as more concern with page layout, reusing previously written text, and excessive writing. The existence of “personal side effects”, linked to the use of computers for word processing, calls for a flexible approach to the introduction of this technology. In particular, those who have not yet adopted the technology may be more likely to experience negative side effects. Therefore, the study concludes, rather than a bandwagon gathering momentum, a better analogy might be that of a train easing into the station, decreasing its speed to maximize comfort for the passengers.     

饮食人类学的实践与文化多样性理论对食学研究的支撑

饮食人类学是文化人类学的一个分支学科,有众多的文化人类学流派的理论和方法为基础,具有学科规范化的特点,更有利于对一个民族或群体的饮食以及由此而衍生的各种文化现象的系统研究。目前,饮食人类学的理论与方法在国内外对食学的研究中已经付诸于实践,可以对食学的研究提供理论的支撑。同时,文化人类学提倡文化变迁和文化多样性的研究,就是对文化的传承和交流,对饮食文化研究有着理论上的指导意义。     

The Impact of Alumni Status on Institutional Giving by Faculty and Staff

This study explores the association between propensity toward giving and personal and positional characteristics of faculty and staff across 3 years within a large, public, multi-campus higher education institution. Informed by the literatures on organizational identity and commitment, faculty and staff giving, and the higher education workforce, the study employs a hurdle analysis to estimate the predictors of likelihood of donating (the hurdle) and the amount given among those who donate. Following up on earlier research by the authors that demonstrated that academic employees and employees who are institutional alumni are more likely to give, the present study explores the interaction between these roles and offers a more powerful model for predicting the amount given. The results of this study have implications for understanding how organizational commitment and identification may be relevant in addressing giving, for institutional fundraising, and for building institutional loyalties.     

Faculty in the Hinterlands: Cultural Anticipation and Cultural Reality

Using qualitative inquiry, this paper employs a cultural lens to explore the work life experiences of faculty who work in smaller higher education administration programs in institutions that are not high-level research universities. The research focus included understanding how participants made sense of the institutions in which they worked and the consequences of that for their lives. Implications for the field of higher education administration, faculty work, and graduate socialization are examined. Ultimately, this research suggests that a single model of faculty work life identity drawn using a research institutional prototype does little to support all faculty members, many of whom work in markedly different institutions.     

Organizational Trust in Times of Challenge: The Impact on Faculty and Administrators

Higher education institutions have faced increased social, cultural, economic, and political challenges in recent decades. In this study we used the socio-cultural construct of trust to understand how organizational responses to external challenges impact the relationship between faculty members and administrators. Using extensive interviews, observations, and document analysis from a small, private college, we considered how intentionality, a safe campus climate, expertise, participatory governance, and transparency impact stakeholders’ perceptions of organizational trust.     

英汉广告翻译中的跨文化制约

该文分析了在广告语言翻译中需要注意的两个关键:不同语言之间的差异与不同文化之间的主要差异,进而提出,广告翻译不仅是语言之间的变化,而且是不同文化之间的冲突和融合,因而国内译者注重的应该是各国间的跨文化因素对英汉广告的制约影响。     

The Impact of Cultural Differences on Multinational Corporations

With the development of globalisation,more and more international enterprises expand business overseas,aiming to seek new marketing opportunities.During this process,multinational corporations(MNCs)would face different kinds of factors.Culture is one of the critically significant factors.Cultural differences between the home country and host country would affect consumer behaviour and product preferences.Therefore,the importance of cultural differences could be not ignored.     

Anatomy of a Community College Faculty Diversity Program

Diversifying the faculty in community colleges, especially with faculty of color, continues to be problematic as we move through the first decade of the 21st Century. National statistics show that overwhelmingly the faculty continues to be Caucasian, even at a time when more and more students are coming from diverse ethnic backgrounds. This seemingly intractable problem is particularly acute in California, where the majority of community college students are students of color, but not the faculty. A faculty diversity program that has been in existence for 17 years has made important progress in changing the situation in southern California. This comprehensive program recruits, trains, and places interns in 10 community colleges in cooperation with a regional university. The results of the program demonstrate that substantial numbers of faculty of color are being prepared by the program and that they are getting hired in community colleges as adjunct and full-time faculty. Community colleges can be and should be proactive in identifying, developing, and hiring faculty of color. They shouldn't wait for other societal institutions to do the job for them. By working cooperatively with other local colleges, community based organizations that involve communities of color, and nearby universities, they have the opportunity to make significant inroads into diversifying their faculty. This program can and should be replicated in other parts of the country as a way to nurture the next generation of community college faculty leaders.     

跳"农门"的大学生与城镇化——1990-2019年我国高等教育对城镇化直接影响系数初析

中国高等教育的大众化进程有力地推进了城镇化,随着高等教育进入普及化阶段,高等教育对城镇化的影响还会增强.文章针对中国高等教育发展在多大程度上影响了城镇化的问题,提出可以因上大学而从农村转移至城镇的人口数占每年城镇人口外生增量的比例为高等教育对城镇化的直接影响系数,并探讨了计算这一系数的具体方法,同时通过所可能采集到的数据,计算出近30年来高等教育对城镇化的直接影响系数和贡献值,计算结果表明,这一系数已从5％左右上升到20％以上,并呈继续上升趋势.     

历史虚无主义思潮对大学生的影响研究

近年来,由于国际和国内众多原因,致使历史虚无主义思潮沉渣泛起,对大学生的思想造成了极大的影响。因此,要研究历史虚无主义思潮的隐蔽性、迷惑性、渗透性、目的性的传播特点,发现历史虚无主义思潮对大学生的影响,完善大学生的价值观,使大学生做到自觉抵制历史虚无主义思潮的影响。     

The Contextual Importance of Diversity: The Impact of Relational Demography and Team Diversity on Individual Performance and Satisfaction

ABSTRACT : Organizations are seeing an increase in the level and types of diversity among their employees. It is important that managers understand the myriad of ways that diversity influences employees. This study investigates the effect of being different on an individual's performance and satisfaction levels. Being different on visible characteristics (i.e., sex, age, race) predicted negative outcomes. Being different on informational characteristics (educational background, years of work experience) had both positive and negative effects on objective performance but no effect on satisfaction or perceived performance. The level of team diversity (the degree to which a team is heterogeneous and homogeneous) influenced the outcomes above and beyond that of being different. The results of this study have real consequences for the way diversity is managed in organizations.     

Teaching Cultural Diversity and Oppression

The paradox of courses on cultural diversity and oppression is that they produce both positive and negative consequences. The paper reviews the recent literature to examine the efforts to use teaching/class settings as a vehicle for educating students and modifying their behavioral attitudes regarding cross-cultural content. As an alternative to didactic or clinical appraoches, the paper offers a format (Coverdale) which manages the risks inherent in such a course. Borrowed from management consulting, Coverdale provides a skill based, experiential format which allows a class to work in teams in order to come to grips with their own diversity. Realistic in what it can offer, the application of Coverdale concepts to the course offesr practical skills to social work students who must often work cooperatively with diverse others at the individual, group and community level. Students takin gthis course evaluated it positively.     

中西文化差异对英语阅读影响要素分析

文化背景知识在阅读中起着重要作用,中西文化的差异给我们的英语阅读理解带来诸多的困难。本文拟从词汇的文化内涵、历史典故、地域文化、习俗文化、宗教文化等方面来论述中西文化差异对英语阅读的影响,以便有效提高对英语阅读的综合理解能力。