Young People's Political Participation in the 2011 Parliamentary Elections

Characteristics political behavior among Russian youth can be seen as part of a broader trend toward the erosion of the classical divisions in Russian society. Research shows division between those who support and those who condemn the authorities, and between those who are active users of the Internet and who take part in discussions, and those who are indifferent to public discussion.     

The Sociocultural Mechanism of the Formation of Young People's Attitudes Toward Education

Research shows that traditional Russian attitudes coexist with attitudes resulting from current Russian society. It is argued that this more recent set of attitudes is too instrumental, and that more traditional attitudes to the acquisition of knowledge need to be strengthened.     

Studying Young People's New Media Use: Methodological Shifts and Educational Innovations

A lack of good information about what youth are doing with new media stimulates fears and hopes about the relationship between young people and digital technologies. This article focuses on new modes of inquiry into youth new media use, highlighting the challenges, complexities, and opportunities inherent in studying young people's digital cultures. It outlines methodological issues unique to studies of youth and new media, such as accessing populations of respondents, benefits and drawbacks to online qualitative research, and challenges in capturing a snapshot of young people's actual, not self-reported, media practices. This type of qualitative research on youth media cultures and practices can guide educators who are developing pedagogy and policy that integrate young people's mediated practices into the educational process.     

国际上儿童青少年参与教育决策的发展及启示

国际上儿童青少年参与与其相关的教育决策,随着儿童权益运动的兴起而发展,伴随着对儿童青少年认知的转变、学校改进运动的实证研究和公民教育的实践需求而逐渐发展,形成了以Rudduck参与阶梯模式、Lundy公约解析模式为代表的参与范式,并在传统社会调研基础上积累起针对儿童青少年参与的技巧、策略和注意事项,其应用领域包括政策制定、公共服务、学校教育和家庭事务,为我国提供了观念转变、政策制定、模式探索、人员培训和研究深化等方面的借鉴和启示。     

Young People,Politics and News Media: Beyond political socialisation

This article considers the place of news media-particularly television news-in young people's political socialisation. Following a brief sketch of debates about young people's apparent indifference to politics and to news media, it provides a critical review of previous research in this field. It argues that researchers have often operated with a functionalist notion of socialisation and an unduly narrow conception of political understanding. The second part of the article provides a summary of some key themes raised by the author's own research into young people's interpretations of television news. It focuses particularly on the question of young people's apparent cynicism about politics, and on the characteristics of 'critical viewing'. The article concludes with a call for media education as a crucial dimension of political education and contemporary citizenship.     

Rewriting the Politics of Identity and Difference

Beliefs are emerging that make a common design possible. Once it is spoken-once it can be breathed and felt-a language implies points of references, sources, a history, an iconography, in short, a construction of authorities.     

Toward a Developmental Science of Politics

In this monograph, we argue for the establishment of a developmental science of politics that describes, explains, and predicts the formation and change of individuals’ political knowledge, attitudes, and behavior beginning in childhood and continuing across the life course. Reflecting our goal of contributing both theoretical conceptualizations and empirical data, we have organized the monograph into two broad sections. In the first section, we outline theoretical contributions that the study of politics may make to developmental science and provide practical reasons that empirical research in the domain of politics is important (e.g., for identifying ways to improve civics education and for encouraging higher voting rates among young adults). We also review major historical approaches to the study of political development and provide an integrative theoretical framework to ground future work. Drawing on Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems model as an organizing scheme and emphasizing social justice issues, we describe how factors rooted in cultural contexts, families, and children themselves are likely to shape political development. In the second section of the monograph, we argue for the importance and utility of studying major political events, such as presidential elections, and introduce the major themes, rationales, and hypotheses for a study of U.S. children's views of the 2016 U.S. presidential election. In addition, we apply a social-justice lens to political thought and participation, addressing the role of gender/sex and race/ethnicity in children's political development broadly, and in their knowledge and views of the 2016 U.S. presidential election specifically. In interviews conducted within the month before and after the election, we examined two overarching categories of children's political attitudes: (a) knowledge, preferences, and expectations about the 2016 election, and (b) knowledge and attitudes concerning gender/sex and politics, particularly relevant for the 2016 election given Hillary Clinton's role as the first female major-party candidate for the presidency. Participants were 187 children (101 girls) between 5 and 11 years of age (M = 8.42 years, SD = 1.45 years). They were recruited from schools and youth organizations in five counties in four U.S. states (Kansas, Kentucky, Texas, and Washington) with varying voting patterns (e.g., Trump voters ranged from 27% to 71% of county voters). The sample was not a nationally representative one, but was racially diverse (35 African American, 50 Latinx, 81 White, and 21 multiracial, Asian American, Middle Eastern, or Native American children). In addition to several child characteristics (e.g., age, social dominance orientation [SDO]), we assessed several family and community characteristics (e.g., child-reported parental interest in the election and government-reported county-level voting patterns, respectively) hypothesized to predict outcome variables. Although our findings are shaped by the nature of our sample (e.g., our participants were less likely to support Trump than children in larger, nationwide samples were), they offer preliminary insights into children's political development. Overall, children in our sample were interested in and knowledgeable about the presidential election (e.g., a large majority identified the candidates correctly and reported some knowledge about their personal qualities or policy positions). They reported more information about Donald Trump's than Hillary Clinton's policies, largely accounted for by the substantial percentage of children (41%) who referred to Trump's immigration policies (e.g., building a wall between the United States and Mexico). Overall, children reported as many negative as positive personal qualities of the candidates, with negative qualities being reported more often for Trump than for Clinton (56% and 18% of children, respectively). Most children (88%) supported Clinton over Trump, a preference that did not vary by participants’ gender/sex or race/ethnicity. In their responses to an open-ended inquiry about their reactions to Trump's win, 63% of children reported negative and 18% reported positive emotions. Latinx children reacted more negatively to the election outcome than did White children. Girls’ and boys’ emotional responses to the election outcome did not differ. Children's personal interest in serving as U.S. president did not vary across gender/sex or racial/ethnic groups (overall, 42% were interested). Clinton's loss of the election did not appear to depress (or pique) girls’ interest in becoming U.S. president. With respect to the role of gender/sex in politics, many children (35%) were ignorant about women's absence from the U.S. presidency. Only a single child was able to name a historical individual who worked for women's civil rights or suffrage. Child characteristics predicted some outcome variables. For example, as expected, older children showed greater knowledge about the candidates than did younger children. Family and community characteristics also predicted some outcome variables. For example, as expected, participants were more likely to support Trump if they perceived that their parents supported him and if Trump received a greater percentage of votes in the children's county of residence. Our data suggest that civic education should be expanded and reformed. In addition to addressing societal problems requiring political solutions, civics lessons should include the histories of social groups’ political participation, including information about gender discrimination and the women's suffrage movement in U.S. political history. Providing children with environments that are rich in information related to the purpose and value of politics, and with opportunities and encouragement for political thought and action, is potentially beneficial for youth and their nations.     

社会主义民主政治的走向:民生政治还是生活政治

随着我国核心政治的转变,民生政治成为当前理论研究的热点,然而,人们却往往把我国的民生政治理论与西方生活政治理论相互混淆。因此,在对民生政治理论与生活政治理论进行比较研究的基础上,进一步思考我国社会主义民主政治的走向成为必然。吉登斯提出的生活政治的命题是在反思现代化及现代性的过程中提出的救治资本主义的政治处方,而民生政治则是对我国社会当下民主现状及其未来发展方向的反思,二者虽存同更求异。只有民生政治才是中国特色社会主义民主政治的发展与走向,以政治民主促进社会民生是我国民生政治的未来图景。     

More than a Body's Work: Widening Cultural Participation through an International Exploration of Young People's Construction of Visual Image and Identity

The article presents the rationale, methodology, and selected outcomes from More than a body's work, a collaborative, international, arts educational interactive research project. The project, taking place in both New York and England, explored the ways in which young people construct and ‘perform’ identity through the construction of their body and its appearance. The project's central intention was both to investigate diversity in young people's personal and cultural experience, and demonstrate their potential for creative engagement in mediating and expressing identity through a visual form. With its inclusive ethos, More than a body's work facilitated opportunities for young people who may not ordinarily have access to the arts to be partners in collaborative arts production, generating models of wider participation through innovative participatory approaches to visual art and interdisciplinary practice. The ongoing project is developmental, continuing to involve young people as participants, responding to the synthesis of local, national and international influences creatively deployed within youth culture. In considering More than a body's work's significance as a model for inclusive practice within art education, the article will discuss its strategies and its potential impact in relation to current initiatives and policies within the arts, culture and education.     

Young People's Conceptions of Environment: A phenomenographic analysis

Environmental education in schools is an important strategy in achieving environmental improvement. However, it needs to be based on children's understandings of environment rather than on assumptions of what children know and believe. This paper reports on a research project where school children's answers to a question 'I think the term/word environment means ' were analysed using the qualitative research method of phenomenography. Six distinct conceptions were isolated, ranging from the least sophisticated--environment as a place--to the most inclusive and expansive--environment and people in a relationship of mutual sustainability. An important qualitative difference was found between conceptions that treat the environment as an object and relational conceptions. The implications of these findings for environmental education are discussed.     

网络政治参与对民主政治的积极作用

网络政治参与作为一种全新的政治参与方式被越来越多的人采用,并以其鲜明的特性给当今社会的民主政治带来了的积极影响：促进政治民主化;推进公共领域的沟通与对话;使政府开放、透明、高效。     

探析老年人社会参与的有效途径

目前,中国已经成为老龄化国家之一,老年人的养老问题日益突出,成为社会关注的焦点。实现老年人社会参与是对传统养老模式的有益补充,是老年人丰富晚年生活、提高生命质量的重要途径。本文针对现实养老困境并依据相关理论,从政府、社会团体及老年人自身这三方入手去探寻可操作的老年人社会参与途径。     

论小康社会下的农民政治参与

通过介绍“小康社会”、“农民”和“政治参与”的科学涵义，考察小康社会下的农民政治参与状况，对影响“农民政治参与”的因素作了分析，勾画了农民政治参与的理想图式。然后，运用党的十六大的理论成果，说明全面建设小康社会和农民政治参与的关系。最后，对农民政治参与提出了建设措施。     

The Politics of Rewriting History: New History Textbooks and Curriculum Materials in Russia

The collapse of communism in Russia in 1991 necessitated, among other things, the rewriting of school history textbooks, which had been dominated by Marxist-Leninist interpretations of historical events. The aim of this article is to evaluate the new postcommunist history taught in upper secondary schools, giving particular attention to how the models for Russian identity presented in the new textbooks redefine legitimate culture for students. Attention will also be given to the multiple perspectives on history that textbooks and other curriculum materials emphasize; these new methods contrast with the grand narrative that dominated the study of history before 1991.     

小学语文低段“童话创编”教学方式的探索与实践

童话启迪了孩子们的想象力。童话创编打开了写作的一扇窗户,奇妙丰富的想象打开了兴趣之门,曲折有趣的情节开启了创作思路,健康向上的内容健全了孩子心智。童话创编的教学方式初探有:童话背景下的延续性编写,单一童话人物的想象性编写,相关童话人物的联系性编写,多个童话人物的创造性编写。