The President's Greeting

Abstract

Based in an ethnographic project involving three Episcopal Church–affiliated high schools, this article considers how reflective and relational pedagogy influenced students’ personal growth in religious education classes. Students became self-responsible for their spiritual development in the school settings where the practice of “notebooking” (similar to “journaling”) was robustly relational and nurtured emergent personhood. The results of the project suggest that religious educators will benefit from reflecting on the nature and function of relationality, personae, and personhood in religious education praxis.     

Associations between childhood maltreatment latent classes and eating disorder symptoms in a nationally representative sample of young adults in the United States

BackgroundChildhood maltreatment is associated with eating disorders, but types of childhood maltreatment often co-occur.ObjectiveTo examine associations between childhood maltreatment patterns and eating disorder symptoms in young adulthood.Participants and SettingData came from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 14,322).MethodsLatent class analysis was conducted, using childhood physical neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse as model indicators. Logistic regression models adjusted for demographic covariates were conducted to examine associations between childhood maltreatment latent classes and eating disorder symptoms.ResultsIn this nationally representative sample of U.S. young adults (mean age = 21.82 years), 7.3% of participants reported binge eating-related concerns, 3.8% reported compensatory behaviors, and 8.6% reported fasting/skipping meals. Five childhood maltreatment latent classes emerged: “no/low maltreatment” (78.5% of the sample), “physical abuse only” (11.0% of the sample), “multi-type maltreatment” (7.8% of the sample), “physical neglect only” (2.1% of the sample), and “sexual abuse only” (0.6% of the sample). Compared to participants assigned to the “no/low maltreatment” class, participants assigned to the “multi-type maltreatment” class were more likely to report binge eating-related concerns (odds ratio = 1.97; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.52, 2.56) and fasting/skipping meals (OR = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.46, 2.34), and participants assigned to the “physical abuse only” class were more likely to report fasting/skipping meals (OR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.76).ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that distinct childhood maltreatment profiles are differentially associated with eating disorder symptoms. Individuals exposed to multi-type childhood maltreatment may be at particularly high risk for eating disorders.     

Accuracy of Self-Estimation of Junior High School Students

Abstract

Forty-six adult women were classified as career women or homemaker", then administered an array of 200 Items from the OPI. It was hypothesized that an inverted factor analysis of the Ss' responses to the OPI would disclose that the two groups were of basically different personality types. No groups of career women were discovered. However, with regard to the homemakers, two distinguishable types were produced, one being characterized by an “active-practical-social” orientation, and the other group by a “passive-theoretical-nonsocial”, orientation.

It was concluded that it may be possible to distinguish between career women and homemakers on a typological basis, and the implications of such a possibility were discussed.     

Boundlessly entangled: non-/human performances of education for health through open-air schools

ABSTRACT

This article starts from histoire croisée to develop a genuinely relational analysis of performances of health education in the context of open-air schools. It interrogates, through places, people, and things conceived of as being performatively entangled, the notion of an internationalisation of school hygiene. These places, people, and things – “international” conferences and exhibitions, “figureheads” of the aspiring New Schools and open-air schools movements, and printed, photographed, and designed materials – reveal open-air schools as “practice[s] and movement[s]” unbound by national or otherwise (real-)imagined borders. Fragmentation accompanied their circulation and ensued from their co-constitutive role in the mediation of knowledge and praxis around hygiene. While still underexplored, economic factors were key to this process. Their analysis from within the “meshwork” in which non-/humans were (are) entangled opens up new lines of enquiry.     

Paedophilia,Sexual Desire and Perversity

Abstract

In our society adults who are guilty of having sex with prepubescent children often have a paedophile disposition. This paper first criticises the justifications that are given by paedophiles for having sex with children. Part of this criticism is a brief analysis of “sexual desire” and “erotic”. Next, the question is raised whether paedophile activities can ever be morally permissible. Using the principles of mutual consent and non‐exploitation as touchstone, the question is answered in the negative. Finally, it is examined whether paedophile desires can be regarded as perverse. In order to deal with this issue a moral conception of perversions is proposed.     

Status Quo and Outlook of the Studies of Entrepreneurship Education in China: Statistics and Analysis Based on Papers Indexed in CSSCI (2004–2013)

Abstract

We utilized cross tabulation statistics, word frequency counts, and content analysis of research output to conduct a bibliometric study, and used CiteSpace software to depict a knowledge map for research on entrepreneurship education in China from 2004 to 2013. The study shows that, in this duration, the study of Chinese entrepreneurship education experienced a progression through three stages, an “exploratory stage of learning from foreign models,” a “developmental stage geared toward employment problems,” and a “transformative stage promoting cultivation of student abilities,” and featured three primary characteristics, “multidisciplinary fusion,” “imbalanced regional distribution,” and “policy orientation.” In the future, popular fields in the study of entrepreneurship education are to be concentrated in the three areas, namely “entrepreneurship education and talent cultivation,” “entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial environments,” and “entrepreneurship education and innovation education.”     

In amongst the glitter and the squashed blueberries: crafting a collaborative lens for children’s literacy pedagogy in a community setting

ABSTRACT

In this article, we bring together relational arts practice (Kester, 2004) with collaborative ethnography (Campbell and Lassiter, 2015) in order to propose art not as a way of teaching children literacy, but as a lens to enable researchers and practitioners to view children’s literacies differently. Both relational arts practice and collaborative ethnography decentre researcher/artist expertise, providing an understanding that “knowing” is embodied, material and tacit (Ingold, 2013). This has led us to extend understandings of multimodal literacy to stress the embodied and situated nature of meaning making, viewed through a collaborative lens (Hackett, 2014a; Heydon and Rowsell, 2015; Kuby et al, 2015; Pahl and Pool, 2011). We illustrate this approach to researching literacy pedagogy by offering a series of “little” (Olsson, 2013) moments of place/body memory (Somerville, 2013), which emerged from our collaborative dialogic research at a series of den building events for families and their young children. Within our study, an arts practice lens offered a more situated, and entwined way of working that led to joint and blurred outcomes in relation to literacy pedagogy.     

Therapeutic interventions with child survivors of sibling sexual abuse: The professionals’ perspective

BackgroundSibling sexual abuse (SSA) is a continuum of childhood sexual behaviors that do not fit age-appropriate curiosity. SSA may be the most prevalent, longest lasting form of intrafamilial sexual abuse – and the least reported, studied and treated.ObjectiveThis exploratory qualitative study examined the experience of intervention with SSA survivors from the perspective of mental health professionals, and explored their major therapeutic challenges.Participants and settingThe sample consisted of 20 Jewish Israeli mental health professionals working in private clinics or public social welfare services who had experience with SSA.MethodsSemi-structured interviews focusing on the characteristics of SSA events, perceptions about the effects of abuse, intervention priorities and therapeutic challenges compared to other types of child abuse.ResultsProfessionals working with SSA survivors are preoccupied with the need to provide them with physical and emotional protection, as well as to help them process the abuse narrative. They also find themselves dealing with survivors who do not experience themselves as victims despite external evidence of abuse, or with the need to reconcile their perception of the sexual relationship as mutual, as opposed to the formal requirement to differentiate between “offender” and “victim”. In either case, the reality of these survivors can be just as painful as in other SSA cases.ConclusionsThe complexity of SSA calls for unique intervention skills, including working with survivor narratives that do not fit the victim/offender dichotomy on one hand and that do not minimize the potentially harsh consequences of SSA on the other.     

“In the street they’re real,in a picture they’re not”: Constructions of children and childhood among users of online child sexual exploitation material

BackgroundResearch about online child sexual exploitation material (CSEM) users focuses on psychological assessments, demographics, motivations, and offending rates. Little is known about their understandings of children in CSEM.ObjectiveFrom an anthropological perspective, examine CSEM users’ constructions of children and childhood online and offline, and explore how these factor into their crimes.Participants and settingCSEM users in UK group programs.MethodsIn-depth ethnography, including 17 months of participant observation in group programs with 81 CSEM users, 31 semi-structured interviews with group participants, and inductive analysis of themes illuminated by childhood theory from anthropology.ResultsWhen referring to children offline, many participants claimed to align with Euro-American norms and constructions surrounding children’s learning, protection, irrationality, inexperience, asexuality, and innocence. However online, many constructed children differently: as less or not “real,” and as sexualized. This rendered children in CSEM fundamentally different, which facilitated offending, assisted in overcoming barriers, and allowed participants to hold conventional beliefs about children and childhood while engaging in incongruent online activity. Vital in this process was Internet use and associated distancing, detachment, anonymity, and cultural othering. The program used victim empathy to restore dominant norms to online children, for which participants invoked feelings, recognized their role in abuse, extrapolated consequences for victims, and reinforced norms.ConclusionsConstructions of children and childhood were central in offending. The complexities of negotiating “real” versus “not real” in both offending and victim empathy are discussed, as are conceptual distinctions between “constructions” and “cognitive distortions,” and implications for treatment and prevention.     

Sexual Orientation,Social Justice and Teacher Education

Social justice concerns in teacher education are commonly restricted to issues of race/ethnicity, class, gender, disability and geographic location. Sexual orientation, as a social justice issue, receives little or no attention in Australia despite evidence that gay, lesbian and bisexual students constitute a disadvantaged group in school systems. This paper makes the case for the inclusion of sexual orientation as a social justice issue in initial teacher education foundations curriculum, however, it is hypothesised that there is likely to be multi‐faceted resistance to this. Pairing the topics of gender and sexuality/sexual orientation is proposed as both a way of circumventing most of the resistance and achieving some useful outcomes. The paper concludes with a consideration of whose responsibility it is to act on this issue.     

我国创新创业教育政策的价值取向研究

以罗森布鲁姆的公共行政“管理、政治、法律”三种途径为理论基础,借鉴相关学者的价值结构模式作为本研究的理论框架,选择部分创新创业教育政策文本作为分析样本,根据变量操作型定义对政策文本进行编码,分析我国创新创业教育政策的价值取向。结果发现:管理价值是我国创新创业教育政策的主要价值属性;“效果”、“回应性”和“公平公正”是创新创业教育政策关注的主要价值维度;管理价值属性中“效率”和“经济”维度的价值并没有得到重视;法律价值属性中“个人权利”和“正当程序”的重要性没有提高,“公平公正”显得尤为重要。     

In Memoriam

Abstract

There are two major views of cheating. The “general view” states that cheating Is an aspect of general morality. The “specificity hypothesis” considers cheating as a specific type of cultural transgression not related to other forms of transgressions. The purpose of this study was to test the different predictions of the two positions. Thirty male and 60 female Ss between 17 and 30 years of age were given an opportunity to cheat on an exam. Ss then answered a questionnaire which asked questions related to their religions, sexual, drinking and aggressive behavior. Cheating did not correlate with background material, guilt feelings or other transgressive behaviors. The results support a specificity view of cheating.     

学生成就目标定向的结构维度、理论依据及对学业发展的影响

成就目标定向是学习者目标达成的重要动力机制,有助于学生建立积极的学业倾向,促进学生发展和学业质量的提升。成就目标定向的结构早期被分解为"成绩目标"和"学习目标",并由此衍生出了"2×2结构"和"3×2结构"维度。研究依据行为动力学假说、自我效能感理论、成就动机理论和自我归因理论等阐释了成就目标定向的发生机制。研究认为,趋近目标定向可降低学生的考试焦虑程度,有助于提升个体语言技能;掌握目标定向有助于提升学生的学业成绩,激发学生的学习兴趣,并塑造学生的完美主义人格特质。未来的研究需开展大量的跨文化的比较研究,扩大研究对象的范畴,使用实验法等多元化的研究方法,验证成就目标定向结构模型的科学性,探明成就目标定向影响机理,强化教育干预与认知训练的实践研究,提升成就目标定向的应用价值。     

Examining Sexuality Education Preferences Among Youth at Risk for Poor Sexual Health Outcomes Based on Social Determinants of Health Factors

ABSTRACT

At-risk adolescents may experience Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) that lead to higher rates of risky sexual behavior, including increased risk of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. These SDoH may include components such as unstable family structures, incomplete education, and poverty. Targeting at-risk youth for sexuality education is one way to work toward decreasing sexual health disparities. However, preferences for sexuality education approaches may differ among at-risk youth by additional factors including sex and sexual orientation. The purpose of this study was to describe sexuality education preferences among at-risk youth and how sexuality education preferences differ based on sex and sexual orientation in an at-risk sample of high school-aged youth in Texas. Results indicate sexuality education preferences differ based on sex and sexual orientation when examined by sexual health topics and methods of delivery. Implications of this study indicate including at-risk youth in sexual health programs may be a way to target those at-risk of adverse SDoH, but these groups also have specific preferences for sexuality education.     

Urban Middle School Students’ Stereotypes at the Intersection of Sexual Orientation,Ethnicity, and Gender

Heterosexual urban middle school students’ (N = 1,757) stereotypes about gender typicality, intelligence, and aggression were assessed. Students (M_age = 12.36 years) rated Facebook‐like profiles of peers who varied by gender, ethnicity, and sexual orientation. Several hypotheses about how the gender, ethnicity, and sexual orientation of target peers intersect to shape stereotypes were tested. As predicted, a peer's sexual orientation determined stereotypes of gender typicality, with gay and lesbian students viewed as most atypical. As expected, ethnicity shaped stereotypes of intelligence, with Asian American students seen as most intelligent. Gender, ethnicity, and sexual orientation independently and jointly affected stereotypes of aggression. These results demonstrate the value of an intersectional approach to the study of stereotypes. Implications for future research and practice are offered.     

Religion,Sexual Orientation,and School Policy: How the Christian Right Frames Its Arguments

The Christian Right opposes the inclusion of sexual orientation in school policies, charging that the schools are legitimating and promoting homosexuality. The arguments have moved past the trite, “God created Adam and Eve, not Adam and Steve,” to claims of violations of parental rights and the First Amendment, often positioning Christians as the ones who are now being discriminated against. The purpose of this study is to examine if opponents frame their arguments using language that's agreeable to the larger and more liberal public to garner more broad based support; if so, what are some examples; and to see if opponents' arguments are aligned with a Christian Right worldview. The findings of this ethnographic case study focus on the Christian Right's perceived threat to its hegemony over American social life and highlight the debate over the purposes of schooling.     

Counselor Trainees' Perceptions of Clients Based on Client Sexual Orientation

In this analog study, the authors examined how client sexual orientation, counselor trainee homophobia, and counselor trainee gender affected counselor trainees' (N = 162) assignment of positive and negative adjectives to clients. A series of multiple regression analyses revealed that client sexual orientation, counselor trainee gender, and counselor trainee homophobia significantly predicted counselor trainees' perceptions of clients. Implications for counselor training and research are discussed.     

“You Just Don't Cross Them”: Adolescent Interactions with Text Across Discourses

Abstract

This article explores how adolescents interact with multimodal texts across shifting contexts, including social, academic, and digital ones. The author considers the ability of teens to articulate the boundaries and fluidity of multiple discourse systems and to maneuver across and within them with ease. The author further explores pedagogical implications, including shifting power dynamics occurring in schools. A new model for schooling is suggested, which incorporates multiple discourses and promotes a new term, “relational neteracy.”     

现代中国文艺美学发展的价值取向与综合评价(上)

本文从以下四个基本的文学理念来探讨现代中国文艺美学发展的价值取向 ,以期引申出文艺美学通向未来的路径 :一、从“五四”到新时期——对“人的文学”理念的重新理解 ;二、启蒙与尝试的交响 ;三、革命话语与学术理性 ;四、中国与世界——一种流变的意识。     

The Antecedents of the Market Orientation in Higher Education

ABSTRACT

Colleges appear to be more eager and willing than ever to adopt a market orientation given declining enrollments and the downsizing that many are experiencing. Yet, the factors which foster and produce a market orientation have not been well defined in previous research. This study examines three antecedents of the market orientation within the context of higher education: institution size (student enrollment), source of funding (public/private), and institutional innovativeness. While the findings indicate that all three have some effect on adoption of a marketing orientation, innovativeness overwhelmingly plays the largest role. The implications for administrators as well as directions for future research are discussed.