体质的概念及其与健康的关系

对体育理论中的体质定义进行研究。主要结论：体质即人体的质量，是人体在先天遗传的基础上和后天环境的影响下，在生长、发育和衰老的过程中逐渐形成的身、心两方面相对稳定的特质。体质与健康的关系：(1)体质是健康的物质基础，健康是体质的外在表现。二者是紧密联系、不可分割的。(2)体质是一种特质，健康是一种状态。(3)体质是人体维持良好健康状态的能力。     

Relationships between Changes in Health and Fitness and the Perception of Exercise

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine how weight training affected the physical fitness of football, basketball, and track and field squads when it was used as a supplement to normal training during different halves of the season. In each sport the athletes were divided into two matched groups: one did weight training during the first half of the season only, and the other group during the second half only. In general, the resulting statistics show that weight training adds significantly to the physical fitness produced by normal training.     

儿童青少年的体育活动和体质水平与其肥胖风险的流行病学研究

现代社会肥胖已是全球性的公共健康问题。儿童青少年时期的肥胖与其成年后的肥胖及心血管疾病风险高度相关。大量的横向和纵向研究表明,儿童青少年时期的体育活动(特别是较高强度的体育活动)量、体质(特别是有氧能力和肌肉力量)强弱均与其未来肥胖负相关。因此,儿童青少年时期增加体育活动,特别是较高强度的体育活动,增强体质,是预防未来肥胖的有效方式。     

《国民体质测定标准》中肥胖指标与常见慢性疾病危险因素的关系

目的:评价《国民体质测定标准》中肥胖指标与慢性疾病危险因素的关系.方法:对东北大学1 445名30～69岁职工进行体检.按《国民体质测定标准》的身高标准体重分为过瘦、偏轻、正常、偏重及超重组,以《修订美国国家胆固醇教育计划成人治疗指南Ⅲ》定义慢性疾病危险因素.结果:男、女性各年龄偏重及超重组的腹部肥胖率、慢性疾病危险因素聚集率高于正常组(均P＜0.05).正常组的腹部肥胖率、高血压、高血糖及高甘油三酯率均处于高水平,并随年龄增大而升高.男、女性身高标准体重正常而腹部肥胖者慢性疾病危险因素聚集的危险度是两指标均正常者的13.3倍(95％CI:7.9-22.6)、14.1倍(95％ CI:6.7-29.5).结论:身高标准体重与慢性疾病危险因素有关,但早期鉴别危险因素的灵敏性差.     

国内科学健身研究现状与展望

随着人们生活水平的提高和科学健身意识的加强,学者们对科学健身的研究也越来越深入,一些新的科学健身的理论和方法相继出现。如何指导科学健身是目前全民健身研究的重点和难点。采用文献研究法,浏览了近年国内的科学健身研究的成果,综述了科学健身研究现状,针对国内不同年龄群体和不同的职业人群对科学健身的需求和科学健身知识的不足,社会各界对科学健身的追求和为国人的健康所做的孜孜不倦的努力。研究结果显示,一个由政府主导、大众积极参与、科学指导志愿服务、体育机构技术支持、网络平台加盟的全民科学健身的局面正在形成。     

吉首市区女性健身现状调查与对策研究

文章运用文献资料、问卷调查的研究方法,从锻炼的动机、场所、时间、时段、频率、项目以及体育消费水平等方面对吉首市区女性参加体育锻炼的现状进行调查。对影响女性体育锻炼的因素进行了较全面、客观的分析。并在此基础上根据调查结果提出合理化的对策研究,为推动全民健身计划的实施提供科学依据,以期为吉首市区经济建设和社会发展服务。     

中华武术在全民健身中的地位和作用

全民健身是国民体育改革的重要举措，武术作为中华民族的传统体育项目，在全民健身中有着重要的地位和独特的作用，具有巨大的发展潜力，它在丰富全民健身运动项目的同时，也为其自身的发展开拓了道路。     

羌族成年人体质现状分析与比较

本研究旨在了解和掌握贫困边远地区羌族人群的国民体质现状,为进一步推动少数民族全民健身活动的开展提供科学依据.随机抽取茂县20～69周岁羌族居民3700人,测试相关身体形态、机能及素质指标,并进行统计分析和比较.结果显示,羌族成年人体质等级评价、身体形态、身体机能、身体素质均值都高于四川省均值,特别是年龄较轻时明显优于四川省汉族同龄人,但部分指标随年龄增大而明显下降.提示尽管身处比较恶劣的生存环境,羌族成年人体质较好,应针对其地方特色和民族特点有针对地推广进行健身锻炼.     

Comparison of Physical Fitness Scores of White and Black Seventh Grade Boys of Similar Socioeconomic Level

Abstract

Boys (N = 115) in the seventh grade of a junior high school were tested for physical fitness by the AAHPER Youth Fitness Test. In addition, data were collected for age, height, weight, and socioeconomic level of each boy. Two racial groups were formed consisting of 30 white and 30 black students who were matched on age and socioeconomic level. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the physical fitness of white and black students of equal socioeconomic level was significantly different. There were no significant differences between the groups in age, height, weight, and socioeconomic level. The black students exceeded the white students significantly on the shuttle run, 50-yd. dash, 600-yd. run and composite fitness score. It was concluded that black male students of similar socioeconomic level to white students in the seventh grade, have a higher level of physical fitness.     

Socioeconomic status and physical fitness in youth: Findings from the NHANES National Youth Fitness Survey

ABSTRACT

This study examined the associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and musculoskeletal (MSF) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in youth. The sample consisted of boys and girls between 3-15 years. SES was categorized utilizing family-income-to-poverty ratio (FIPR). All analyses were standardized for age and sex. For each test of physical fitness, SES was used to estimate mean fitness test percentile and 95% confidence intervals, controlling for race/ethnicity and physical activity. Odds ratios were calculated for the likelihood of having low fitness by SES category. In general, the high SES group had a better composite MSF, body composition, and CRF profiles than low and moderate SES groups. Statistically significant differences were identified for relative grip strength, plank, body mass index, and cardiovascular endurance time (all p < 0.05). Additionally, the odds of low/poor MSF fitness were 1.7 and 1.6 times higher in the low and moderate SES groups (respectively) compared to the children from high SES families. The moderate SES group had an odds of poor CRF 1.6 times higher than the high SES group as well. Children and adolescents from high SES families tend to have higher mean fitness and were less likely to have low/poor fitness.     

论太极拳与现代养生

具有浓厚的东方民族传统体育色彩的太极拳,蕴涵着丰富的传统养生思想,集拳术、导引和吐纳术于一体,对现代人的健身、修心养性以及社会适应力等具有独特的养生效果。文章从太极拳对练习者生理、心理以及社会适应三方面的影响阐述其在现代养生中的作用。     

南宁市健身健美俱乐部健身消费现状的调查与分析

采用问卷调查、访谈、文献资料和数理统计等方法,对南宁市各健身健美俱乐部参加健身健美锻炼的人群进行消费水平、消费动机和健身消费内容等消费现状进行随机抽样调查与分析。结果表明：南宁市健身健美俱乐部消费人群年龄青年化且主要以女性为主;在消费内容方面,则各年龄组出现不同程度的差异;参与健美健身消费的动机意识较明确,态度较积极;消费现状处于较低水平等问题。     

哈尔滨市区居民冬季户外健身活动现状分析

运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法,对哈尔滨市区居民冬季户外健身活动现状进行实地调研与考察,力求找到制约冬季户外健身的主要原因,如：动机,运动项目,场地设施与健身指导等情况。为更多的市区居民能够参与到冬季户外健身活动提供理论依据。     

对健美训练与身体素质五项指标之间相互关系的研究

随着人民生活水平的提高,大家对健康的要求也越来越高,全民健身已经达到了空前的火热程度,健美运动在此时更是越发普及.在高校,健美训练更是如火如荼地进行着.健美运动能够塑造人的体型,通过力量练习来发达肌肉,从而提高身体素质.本文就健美训练与身体素质五项指标之间相互关系进行研究,进而得出相应结论.     

全民健身网络信息资源服务现状及对策的研究

通过对全民健身网络信息服务现状调查分析,指出当前网络体育健身信息服务存在的信息繁杂、查询费时耗力、缺乏实用性的问题。提出：政府或官方网站应完善全民健身基本数据库建设,大力发展网络技术整合网络健身信息资源;规范商业、协会等其他网站服务,形成多元化的全民健身网络信息服务,从而使大众健身网络信息指导更具有现实意义。     

国外体育健身休闲产业发展现状与启示——关于加快发展我国体育健身休闲产业的思考

在分析发达国家体育健身休闲产业发展的基础上,总结归纳了国外体育健身休闲产业发展的经营组织连锁化、产品多元化、服务个性化、健身设备数字化、健身保险一体化等5个趋势,提出了对我国体育健身休闲产业发展的启示以供借鉴和参考。     

《国家学生体质健康标准》与《学生体质健康标准(试行方案)》的对比——测试内容及标准的对比研究

2007年4月国家教育部、体育总局联合颁布实施了《国家学生体质标准》对《学生体质健康标准(试行方案)》并对其进行了相应的修改,为新时期促进学生体质健康起到更为积极的作用。文章将《国家学生体质健康标准》与《学生体质健康标准(试行方案)》进行对比,分析其优点与不足之处,以期为以后更好地实施新《标准》提供理论支持。     

Relationship between Physical Fitness and Susceptibility to Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract

This study was conducted (a) to determine through factor analysis techniques the basic factors underlying selected blood variables, metabolic variables, and previously determined physical and athletic fitness variables at four fixed stages of metabolic stress and (b) to determine with the t-test and through discriminant function techniques those blood variables which can discriminate between high and low levels of physical fitness. The objective of the analyses was the interpretation of the revealed information in light of previously found knowledge on the relationship of physical activity and susceptibility to heart disease. Four factors were extracted and interpreted: the effect of weight on motor fitness, the detrimental effect of aging on physical fitness, metabolic readiness, and fitness and NEFA mobility. The t-test showed statistical significance for the difference between the physically fit and unfit group means in resting serum cholesterol, submaximal exercise serum cholesterol, maximal exercise blood pH, and recovery period blood pH. The discriminant function of the combined resting and submaximal exercise serum cholesterol has a statistically determined discriminating power for the physically fit and unfit groups.     

试论养生与传统武术的关联

武术作为中华民族优秀的文化瑰宝,它不仅仅凝结了中华民族人民的辛勤汗水,更是广大人民的智慧结晶.中华武术博大精深,具有深厚的文化内涵.文章从养生视角出发,从历史、宗教、中医理论角度来论述养生与传统武术的微妙关系,为传统武术和养生理论的发展谋求新的共同点.