Physical Performance and Body Form as Related to Physical Activity of College Women

Abstract

The problems of this study were to investigate the interrelationship of selected functional and body form measures, and to examine the differences between groups varying in activity levels. The volunteers for the study, 35 college women, were placed in activity groups termed “most active” and “least active” according to their response on an activity history-recall questionnaire. Functional measures included strength and flexibility. Strength was measured with a cable tensiometer and followed the procedures outlined by H. H. Clarke. Flexibility was measured using a Leighton Flexometer. Body form measures included height, weight, percent body fat, fat free body weight, specific gravity, and ponderal index. The range, mean, and standard deviation were computed for all parameters. The Pearson product-moment correlation was employed to determine interrelationships of all variables. Equality of variances among selected parameters was determined by the F test; Cochran-Cox and two sample t tests were used to determine the equality of means among selected parameters in the activity groups. Significant differences at the .05 level were found between the means of weight, fat free body weight, trunk extension flexibility, with the most active group exhibiting higher values. The least active group showed significantly greater shoulder extension flexibility, shoulder inward rotation flexibility, and ankle flexion flexibility.     

Development of an Attitude Inventory to Measure the Attitude of High School Girls toward Physical Education as a Career for Women

Abstract

An attitude inventory was developed for the purpose of determining the attitudes of high school girls toward physical education as a career for women. Likert's technique of scale construction was selected for use in this study. Statements covering aspects of the physical education profession as they apply to women were prepared according to recommended criteria. Each statement was subjected to statistical analysis in order to eliminate those which were ambiguous or which had poor discriminatory power. Following the use of the split-half method for determining reliability, the statements were divided into two equivalent forms of the inventory.     

Attitudes of College Women toward High School Physical Education Programs

Abstract

A revision of the Plummer attitude inventory and a background information questionnaire were administered to 1,126 freshman college women enrolled in the private four-year colleges in Iowa in September 1964. Attitude scores were determined and comparisons were made on the basis of background information. Significant differences in attitude toward physical education were found between those earning interscholastic athletic letters and those not earning letters, those participating in organized physical activity programs outside of school and those not participating in such programs, those from farms and those from cities, those from small high school graduating classes and those from large high school graduating classes, those who chose teaching careers and those who chose other careers, those who ratedselves above average in physical skills and those who ratedselves below average in physical skills, and those who enjoyedr high school physical education programs and those who did not. Significant differences did not exist between those who had physical education in high school and those who did not, those who had a woman teachingr high school physical education classes and those who had a man, those who took physical fitness tests and those who did not, those who attended parochial high schools and those who did not, those from small towns and those from cities, those who had physical education two hours or less a week and those who had physical education four hours or more a week, and those from Iowa and those from other states.     

集大五年制专科羽毛球女队技术训练的有效手段

分析了集美大学体育学院五年专科羽毛球女队的技术特色,探讨提高技术水平的有效训练手段。从多球训练、“二一式”训练、步法及跳绳等4个方面阐述具体、有效的训练方法。     

大学生体育生活方式与体育锻炼态度的关系研究

为探讨大学生体育生活方式与体育锻炼态度的关系,本文以1002名在沈阳市校大学生为研究对象,通过文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法进行调查研究。结果显示:具有良好体育生活方式的女生总体比例明显低于男生。此外,无论男女生,除主观标准外,其它各维度与体育生活方式均显著相关;其中,目标态度、行为习惯、情感体验、行为意向对养成良好的体育生活方式影响较显著。提示,积极的体育锻炼态度是大学生养成良好体育生活方式的重要基础。     

Physical Fitness,Self-Esteem,and Attitudes toward Physical Activity

Abstract

A total of 165 adolescent boys took measures of physical fitness, general self-esteem, and attitudes toward physical activities. High-fit compared to low-fit boys were higher in self-estimates of physical ability (P < .007) and self-reported attraction to physical activities (P < .007) but not significantly different in general self-esteem nor in reported extent of participation in voluntary physical activities. In addition significant correlations were observed between self-estimates of physical ability and attraction to physical activity, and between attraction to physical activity and extent of voluntary participation in physical activity.     

对体育系学生未来体育教师职业态度的调查与研究

本文运用问卷调查法对体育系毕业班学生进行调查,结果表明他们对体育教师职业态度显示低评价、高情感和低意向。他们多数人自我评价不低,但当体育教师的激励力量不够强。     

The Influence of Response Distortion in Assessing Self-Perceptions of Physical Ability and Attitude Toward Physical Activity

Abstract

Response distortion is an acknowledged concomitant variable in psychometric research. Although the influence of response bias on the Estimation scale of the Physical Estimation and Attraction Scales (PEAS) has previously been considered for adolescent males, experimental evidence concerning the sensitivity of the adult versions of both the Attraction and Estimation scales to “faking” has not been provided. To determine this sensitivity, adult versions of the PEAS were administered to male and female undergraduates (N = 122). Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups and received either “fake bad,” “fake good,” or standard instructional sets. Results generally supported the view that the total score on each of the Attraction and Estimation scales is relatively insensitive to attempts to “fake good.” However, attempts to “fake bad” consistently resulted in a significant decrease (p < .01) in both Attraction and Estimation scores as compared to a standard control group. These findings suggest the need for a criterion to detect suspected “fake bad” Attraction and Estimation responses and possibly a “fake good” Attraction response. Statistical procedures for determining test bias indicated that specific PEAS items discriminated between the experimental and control groups, and these items were incorporated into embedded scales for the detection of a distorted PEAS response. Evidence for the predictive validity of these “fake bad” and “fake good” scales was provided.     

高校教师参与课余体育锻炼状况的研究

通过研究调查发现,武汉高校的教师参与体育锻炼的比例高达77%,锻炼的时间以节假日为主、每周锻炼的次数以1-3次为主,锻炼的地点主要集中在房屋周围以及学校的体育场馆.而影响他们参与体育锻炼的主要因素包括工作因素、场地设施因素、个人内在因素、周围环境及经济因素.     

关于大学生对体育锻炼认识的调查研究

通过文献资料法 ,问卷调查法 ,访问座谈法对上海两所高校 2 0 0名大学生进行了问卷调查和数据分析 ,对当前大学生从事体育锻炼的认识分别从体育课、提高身体素质、养成习惯、俱乐部锻炼、节假休息日锻炼等进行讨论与探析 ,从中了解大学生对体育锻炼的认识程度 ,并提出建议。     

少数民族大学生体育锻炼态度研究

本文运用文献研究法、问卷调查法、数理统计等方法对少数民族大学生对体育锻炼态度进行研究,从心理学、文化学、社会学与民族学等视角,分析了少数民族大学生在体育锻炼行为态度、目标态度、行为认知、行为习惯、行为意向、感情体验、行为控制感和主观标准等方面的认知、情感与行为特点及习惯,在此基础上,依据现代教育与体育理论,对培养少数民族大学生在体育锻炼态度提出了建设性建议。     

高校学生健身运动意识与城市居民健身关系

通过对韶关学院学生的健身活动意识、习惯和韶关市城镇居民参与全民健身情况的调查 ,来验证大学生在全民健身活动所起的生力军与带头人的作用。结果认为 ,大学生健身运动意识的增强与淡化 ,是导致他们是否形成健身习惯的直接原因 ;而大学生的健身运动观念与习惯 ,又直接影响着他们周围城镇居民健身习惯的形成。     

大学生体育活动的态度及其行为的调查研究

从认识论的角度看,大学生体育活动行为是受体育意识影响的,即参加什么样的体育活动,参加体育活动要达到什么样的目的,主要取决于他们对体育价值与功能的认识程度和所持的态度积极与否。因此,分析研究大学生体育活动的态度与行为,并作出解释和评价,不仅可以有针对性地提出建设性的对策,指导大学生的体育活动,同时也有助于高校体育教育改革的继续深化。1研究对象与方法1.1研究对象天津市8所普通高校的在校大学生,高校分别是天津大学、南开大学、天津医科大学、天津工业大学、天津师范大学、天津理工学院、天津商学院、天津外语学院。1.2研究方…     

不同体力活动水平40~49岁高校女性教师心血管风险研究

目的：通过问卷和健康体检调查不同PA水平40~49岁高校女性教师相关心血管危险因素,为高校女性教师健康促进提供依据。方法：高校宣 传招募415名40~49岁女性教师,采用IPAQ问卷调查日常PA水平后按PA不同分为高（H组）、中（M组）、低（L组）3组,测试身高、体重、腰围、BMI、体 脂百分数、血压、PWV 和ABI,抽取空腹静脉血测试血脂、血糖指标;采用递增负荷试验测试最大摄氧量,监控递增负荷运动中心电血压变化情况,评 价运动中心血管风险。结果：M组和H组的BMI、体脂百分数较L组出现显著性下降（P<0.05）,血糖均较L组显著性降低（P<0.05）,M组和H组间差 异无统计学意义。运动测试时,完成运动时间和最大心率各组间差异无统计学意义,M组VO2max较L组显著性升高（P<0.05）,H组VO2max较L组非 常显著性升高（P<0.01）。运动测试中,M组ST段异常人数比例显著少于其他2组（P<0.05）,但H组血压异常人数比例显著高于其他2组（P<0.01）; 同时,M组ST段下降幅度低于其他2组,QTC变化更平稳。结论：40~49岁高校女性教师随着PA的增加,可增强心肺耐力,减少安静时心血管风险因 素;运动中,中等水平PA高校女性教师ST段下降的幅度较小,QTC变化较平稳,发生心电血压异常的几率最低,说明中等水平PA可通过改善运动中 心脏功能增强心血管的调节,减少运动中心血管风险。     

Ethnicity as a Moderator of the Theory of Planned Behavior and Physical Activity in College Students

Most college students do not meet physical activity (PA) guidelines, and ethnic disparities exist. The present study examined the utility of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in explaining PA intentions and behavior in black and white college students and whether any TPB relationships were moderated by ethnicity. Black (n = 170) and white (n = 180) students completed a baseline TPB questionnaire and PA assessment 2 weeks later. Hierarchical latent variable regression analyses showed that affective attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) were significant predictors of intention for both ethnic groups, whereas the PBC-intention relationship was significantly stronger for white students. Intention significantly predicted PA for both ethnic groups. Furthermore, common and ethnic-specific beliefs were identified.     

关于学前儿童体育游戏活动的探讨

本文阐述了学前儿童进行体育游戏活动的重要意义，在此基础上，对学前儿童体育游戏活动的特点与形式进行了具体分析．