Gross Motor Coincidence Timing by Children with Learning Difficulties and Children Matched on Mean Chronological and Mental Age

Abstract

This study examines the learning by children with learning difficulties of a gross motor coincidence timing task, compared with that by children of average intelligence of an equivalent chronological age and mental age. The gross motor coincidence timing response was seen as representative of a particular task category. Using a task classification scheme based on the mobility or otherwise of the environment, the total body and the body parts, the two movement responses required of the children were seen as characteristic of the “environment in motion, total body in motion, body parts stationary” class, the difference between the two lying in their ballistic or controlled nature. The findings suggest that, as a group, the children with learning difficulties perform at a level lower than either of the matched groups. Differences in the nature of the errors for the two response patterns were particularly evident for the group of children with learning difficulties.     

运动训练中营养素的最佳补充时机

采用文献资料法,分析了运动训练中营养素的补充最佳时机以及搭配方法。研究认为,运动员应该在运动训练前15min开始,运动中每隔15-20min以及运动后45min内饮用大约400ml包含蛋白质、高血糖碳水化合物、钠、钾、镁、维生素C、E的混合饮料;运动后恢复期2h内饮用碳水化合物、蛋白质为主的复合饮料或主食;运动后5h到下一次运动开始前再次服用相同量的碳水化合物和蛋白质（氨基酸）复合饮料。     

科技与奥运的契合及其价值传播问题研究

以哲学分析方法、历史分析方法等研究方法,在对科技与奥运关系形成过程现实考察的基础上,对二者的相互关系及其关系模式进行了深入的研究,认为二者的契合是必然性的,是奥运科技化、科技奥运化和科技奥运一体化发展的必然结果。二者之间的契合是在技术理性与体育理性契合的基础上,在外部动因——功利性契合和内部动因——价值契合的双重作用下完成的,解决民生的基本问题是二者契合的价值目标。     

乒乓球运动员的时间知觉

根据实践观察,从心理学角度论述了乒乓球运动员时间知觉的特点,提出了提高时间知觉水平的具体方法。     

A Multidimensional Timing Device for Cinematography

Abstract

Six tests were developed for the purpose of measuring selected basic skills in ice hockey. The test-retest method indicated four tests as reliable. Validity coefficients for each of the four tests when compared to subjective ranking in each skill ranged from .75 to .96. Intercorrelations were computed among the tests. The puck carry test correlated with the other three tests and was determined the best single-item for measuring overall ability. It was concluded that an ice hockey test battery should include at least three of the tests.     

Assimilation Effects in Coincident Timing Responses

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to investigate ways in which gender-related perceptions and actions influenced students' construction of realities in curriculum-in-action in secondary school physical education. The participants were junior and senior secondary school students in a midwestern city in the United States. Data collection methods included observations and interviews. Data were analyzed with inductive analytical procedures. The findings of the study revealed that a majority of the female and male students reproduced traditionally dominant forms of femininity and masculinity. Female students patterned their behavior consistent with feminine ideology in selecting and participating in class activities, and male students chose and participated in class activities along masculine conceptions. The results were interpreted with reproduction and resistance theories. While femininity and masculinity cultures were reproduced through students' choice of activities and participation patterns, these cultures were resisted through students' construction of oppositional behavior.     

Response Timing Accuracy of Long-Distance Movements

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of the Red Cross and Silvia methods of teaching beginning swimming. College women (N = 76), who were beginners in swimming, served as subjects. Pretests indicated no differences among the four classes prior to instruction. Reliability coefficients of the post-tests for distance and survival time (test-retest method) ranged from .70 to .98. ANOVA procedures utilizing front crawl distance, back crawl distance, survival time, and length of time required to pass the Red Cross combined tests as dependent variables resulted in superiority of the Silvia method over the Red Cross method in each analysis.     

Task Switching Effects in Anticipation Timing

Abstract

In an effort to devise a simple but effective test to indicate the overall volleyball playing ability of high school boys, a thorough review of published tests was made. From this review, it was determined that there were four important aspects of a wall-volley test. Preliminary studies investigated each of these aspects and, as a result, a test similar to Brady's test was devised.

Data regarding the finalized form of the test were gathered by administering it to three classes of grade 10 and 11 boys (total N=71). The test for validity produced a correlation coefficient of .767. The reliability test yielded a coefficient of .817.

It was concluded that the test gave evidence of being worthy of further experimentation and use in its present form.     

从劳动工具到体育器具

运用文献资料法等。回溯生产劳动工具的演变历程,分析生产劳动工具在人类解放自身的过程中所发挥的重要作用;指出生产劳动工具也可作为人类追求自身完善的体育器具;对生产劳动工具与体育器具进行类比;提出在经济欠发达地区可因地制宜,利用生产、生活工具,自制体育器具,为体育健身与文化娱乐节约成本。     

科学研究的巧合及其他--《行销体育综合篇》读后感

我的毕业论文是关于全国排球联赛现场观众的调查和分析,为此,我需要收集整理大量的文献资料,体育市场营销的书首当其冲。其中,我拜读了中山大学博士生导师卢泰宏教授和杨晓燕合著的大作《行销体育综合篇》(四川人民出版社,2003年4月第1版),在阅读了第1部分(共有3章)时,我总是感     

新型径赛计时系统设计

本文阐述了一种用于田径比赛的新型径赛计时系统。该系统通过采用自动化技术、添加辅助设备等手段有效的弥补了目前系统的不足。本文介绍了新型竞赛计时系统的构架,自动化在新系统中的应用,以及新型径赛赛计时系统在未来的发展方向。     

抢篮板球起跳时机探析

在抢篮板球中,选择起跳时机是抢篮板球技术中最重要的部分,通过观察法和文献资料法,得知：篮板球的反弹方向、速度、上升高度等都有一定的规律,认识和掌握其规律有利于运动员在比赛中做出准确判断,选择最佳起跳时机,从而获得更多的篮板球。同时本文提出了提高运动员掌握起跳时机的训练手段,为教学和训练提供辅助参考。     

西洋古董家具收藏正当时

"经营西洋古董家具最大的乐趣在于发现和寻找。一件可以称之为古董的家具必然是一件有过百余年历史的、稀缺的和不可复制的物品,这样的物品无论是它的购买者或是收藏者,必然有一种宿命与缘分的联系,而追寻这一过程往往会使人产生兴奋与愉悦的心情。"由于从小接受系统的西画学习,加之几十年不间断穿梭于欧洲各国古董家具市场,盛鑫煜艺术品有限公司总经理张鸿宾对西洋古董家具收藏形成了一套清晰、完整的见解,而收藏西洋古董家具过程所能产生的乐趣更是溢于言表。     

轻器械按摩健美操的设计

轻器械按摩健美操的器械动作是根据轻器械摩拉球的结构性能编制的。分类设计归纳为 :球体拍打技法、按摩棒滚揉技法、点穴头点穴技法、拉力绳伸拉技法。动作方法是将选择的穴位及刺激本穴的手法与身体基本姿态、基本动作和基本步伐巧妙结合 ,融为一体 ,并将其健美操化 ,形成刚柔相济、动静相配、气韵得当、神情相随的风格特色。　　 (1)球体拍打技法———是对身体体表和穴位进行拍打刺激为主的运动按摩方法。不同的动作产生的拍打力度完全不同 ,可根据身体承受能力 ,随时变换动作。动作力度由小到大的顺序依次排列为 :滚揉———搓动———…     

The relationship between critical speed and the respiratory compensation point: Coincidence or equivalence

Abstract

It has previously been suggested that the respiratory compensation point (RCP) and critical speed (CS) parameters are equivalent and, therefore, like CS, RCP demarcates the boundary between the heavy- and severe-intensity domains. However, these findings are equivocal and therefore must be interpreted cautiously. Thus, we examined the relationship between CS and RCP across a wide range of subject fitness levels, in an attempt to determine if CS and RCP are equivalent. Forty men and 30 women (age: 23.2 ± 2.5 year, height: 174 ± 10 cm, body mass: 74.1 ± 15.7 kg) completed an incremental and four constant-speed protocols on a treadmill. RCP was determined as the point at which the minute ventilation increased disproportionately to CO₂ production and the end-tidal CO₂ partial pressure began to decrease. CS was determined from the constant-speed protocols using the linearized 1·time^?1 model. CS and RCP, expressed as speed or metabolic rate, were not significantly different (11.7 ± 2.3 km·h^?1 vs. 11.5 ± 2.3 km·h^?1, p = 0.208; 2.88 ± 0.80 l·min^?1 vs. 2.83 ± 0.72 l·min^?1, p = 0.293) and were significantly correlated (r² = 0.52, p < 0.0001; r² = 0.74, p < 0.0001, respectively). However, there was a high degree of variability between the parameters. The findings of the current study indicate that, while on average CS and RCP were not different, the high degree of variability between these parameters does not permit accurate estimation of one from the other variable and suggests that these parameters may not be physiologically equivalent.