Learning through Meaning Making: Applying Job Crafting in Field Learning

Job crafting makes people’s work rewarding through meaning making. This article discusses the ways in which a field director may use job crafting to address a common challenge in field education. Field placements are based on various institutional expectations; however, many students have preconceived notions of what social work and social work education should be, and they complain that their placements are “not clinical ” enough. Through the application of job crafting, students can reframe their field learning experiences in a meaningful way. Using the case study method, this article demonstrates one way to support MSW students, highlighting common challenges and practices at a large public northeastern university.     

Making Difference Matter: Teaching and Learning in Desegregated Classrooms

In this ethnographic study, we look closely at everyday classroom interactions in order to examine the complex process of creating equitable classroom communities in racially and socioeconomically diverse schools. We use the lens of relational difference (Abu El-Haj, 2006) to examine how students negotiate social boundaries within their new school; how students and teachers use small group work to co-construct expectations of academic ability; and how teachers communicate and students navigate the social significance of differentiated instruction and assessment. We find that assumptions that some students are more competent than others permeate the classroom, and these perceptions of ability are frequently tied to students' race and socioeconomic status. We provide suggestions for teachers and teacher educators who wish to challenge these unspoken classroom norms.     

多模态外语学习的意义建构认知研究

在外语学习者学习的过程中,多种模态共同产生意义。外语教学和外语学习可看作是符号设计活动,教师作为意义调解者利用各种模态的符号资源和外语学习者一起进行设计和再设计,完成意义建构。由于外语学习者的记忆系统和认知结构的影响,各种模态的不同配合使用会产生不同的认知负荷从而产生不同的学习效果。因而在外语学习的意义建构中,教学设计应遵循一定的原则。     

From Parental Involvement to Children's Mathematical Performance: The Role of Mathematics Anxiety

This study examined whether children's mathematics anxiety serves as an underlying pathway between parental involvement and children's mathematics achievement. Participants included 78 low-income, ethnic minority parents and their children residing in a large urban center in the northeastern United States. Parents completed a short survey tapping several domains of parental involvement, and children were assessed on mathematics anxiety, whole number arithmetic, word problems, and algebraic reasoning. Research Findings: The results indicated that parents influence children's mathematics achievement by reducing mathematics anxiety, particularly for more difficult kinds of mathematics. Specifically, the mediation analyses demonstrated that parental home support and expectations influenced children's performance on word problems and algebraic reasoning by reducing children's mathematics anxiety. Mathematics anxiety did not mediate the relationship between home support and expectations and whole number arithmetic. Practice or Policy: Policies and programs targeting parental involvement in mathematics should focus on home-based practices that do not require technical mathematical skills. Parents should receive training, resources, and support on culturally appropriate ways to create home learning environments that foster high expectations for children's success in mathematics.     

取长补短共图发展

此文对业内企业之间面对教育装备市场的现状提出了联合拓展的理念,主要思想是扬长避短,互通有无,互为便利,以资源的虚拟整合为起点,逐步达到“联合共创”,做强做大之目的。     

Words for Artworks: The Aesthetics of Meaning Making

In this article we introduce a research strategy that involves the making of visual maps by individuals in response to their interactions with artworks. The maps record the meaning‐making processes involved in the encounters and provide us with permanent records of otherwise ephemeral experiences. The case study presented here provides data for comparisons between three visits each to two artworks exhibited at the Calouste Gulbenkian Modern Art Centre in Lisbon. We conclude that our meaning‐making strategy is important for its own heuristic research value in both formal and non‐formal educational contexts, as well as providing an instrument for the training of teachers and museum educators.     

广告翻译中的跨文化意义及其对广告翻译的影响(英文)

随着经济全球化的发展,对外广告在国际市场中很有价值。商品的广告在国际市场中变的越来越重要和普及。广告翻译成为了一个新兴的领域。事实上,在国际贸易竞争中,由于在中国企业中广告翻译人才的缺乏,且经验不足,将会给国际贸易带来不便。对于外国商品的进口,广告翻译将是我们了解外国文化,技术和特质的途径。中英广告的互译中,有许多不理想的实例,有的甚至导致了销售挫折。该文分析了问题的原因,主要是在于当今广告翻译同样蕴藏着大量的文化,而译者却没有足够的文化的驾驭能力,太拘泥于原文表层。事实上,广告的翻译不是简单地把句子翻译出来。翻译人员要充分运用目标文化知识,把句子后而所承载的思想、概念尤其是文化传递给译入语的目标消费者。所以该文旨从广告语言文化差异的角度出发介绍几种英汉广告互译的方法。在第一部分,介绍了当前广告翻译的现状。在第二部分该文阐述了广告翻译的原则。第三部分,文章指出了广告翻译的难点和方法。第四部分,文章指出了翻译的标准,以及怎样更好的完成翻译工作。全文讨论了广告翻译中的跨文化意义及其影响。     

让技术为学生提供更强大的参与经验——访哈佛大学学习技术专家克里斯·德迪博士

访谈者:德迪博士您好,非常感谢您在繁忙的工作之余能够接受我们的访谈.请首先谈谈您是好如何进入学习技术这个领域的?     

Transfer Skills Across A National Curriculum: The Role of Cognitive Strategies for Children with Learning Difficulties

A NATIONAL CURRICULUM in the United Kingdom established by the 1988 Education Reform Act will place greater demands than ever before on children with learning difficulties. Not only will these children be stressed in each subject area but also they will be required to use transfer skills for various cross‐curricular themes. In order to promote transfer across the curriculum various guidelines involving the use of cognitive strategies are recommended. These involve the promotion of perceived similarity, an analysis of the learning context, the use of expert scaffolding and the detailed planning of practice schedules. From these will evolve the necessary carefully constructed teaching programs to enable children to bring skills and information from one situation and use them to advantage in another.     

Effect of Cognitive Style on Topographical Learning Across Life Span: Insights From Normal Development

Notwithstanding its well-established role on high-demanding spatial navigation tasks during adulthood, the effect of field dependence–independence during the acquisition of spatial navigation skills is almost unknown. This study assessed for the first time the effect of field dependence–independence on topographical learning (TL) across the life span: 195 individuals, including 54 healthy young-adults (age-range = 20–30), 46 teenagers (age-range = 11–14), and 95 children (age-range = 6–9) participated in this study. Field dependence–independence interacted with age in predicting TL. Also during childhood higher field independence was associated with better performances but not later in the life, that is, during adolescence and adulthood. This result suggests that field dependence–independence may have a role in fostering the acquisition of TL.     

网络学习的教育学意义

随着互联网的快速发展,一种新的学习——网络学习迅速崛起,网络学习以其成本低、速度快、效果好的优点,越来越受到学习和研究的重视。本从教育学角度分析了网上学习资源对学习学习活动的影响并得出网络学习受到普遍欢迎的原因,着重论述了网络学习的教育学意义。     

Consulting Behaviors and the Role of Computer Consultants in Student Learning and Anxiety

Abstract

As computer applications are added to social work, educators are increasingly likely to encounter computer anxiety. This form of anxiety has been well-documented in the literature, including warnings that students attracted to fields that are “people professions” such as social work may be especially prone to problems.

This qualitative study used a naturalistic approach to observe and describe the behaviors and activities of computer consultants that seemed to have an effect on student anxiety. Analysis of the results indicated that some behaviors of consultants may actually have increased student feelings of anxiety and uncertainty, while others appeared to be quite helpful.     

Implementing Peer Learning Across Organisations: The development of a model

Peer learning can be implemented by individual teachers within an organisation or can be implemented across an organisation by a central implementer. In this article, it is argued that the types of approach required in these two forms of implementation are very different and whilst the former is dealt with in the literature on peer learning, the latter has been largely unconsidered. The article reports how a review of the literature on organisational change was used to develop a model of how to implement peer learning across organisations. It describes how this model was used to guide the implementation of peer learning across a UK further education college. The results of a pilot study into the model's effectiveness in this context are reported. These results suggest that the model appeared to be a useful guide to the implementation of peer learning across an organisation and, as such, is worthy of further investigation in other contexts.     

Orthography to Phonology and Meaning: Comparisons Across and within Writing Systems

According to the Universal Writing System Constraint, all writing systems encode language, and thus reflect basic properties of the linguistic system they encode. According to a second universal, the Universal Phonological Principle, the activation of word pronunciations occurs for skilled readers across all writing systems. We review recent research that illustrates the implications of these two universal principles both across and within writing systems. Within the family of alphabetic systems, differences between Korean and English arise in the languages, rather than the orthographies, while the reverse appears to be true for German and English differences. Across writing systems, new Event Related Potentials (ERP) experiments show the robustness of phonology across Chinese and English systems and chart the time course of word reading in Chinese and English for Chinese bilinguals and for English speakers learning Chinese. The ERP results show differences between Chinese and English for both groups and suggest that the time course of word processes and the brain areas identified as sources for the ERP components differ both as a result of writing system and the skill of the reader. We propose the System Accommodation Hypothesis, that reading processes and the neural structures that support them accommodate to specific visual and structural features of a new writing system.The research reported in this paper was made possible by National Science Foundation award BN0113243 to the first author.     

论有意义接受学习与发现学习两种教学方式的统一

有意义接受学习与发现学习作为两种基本的教学方式是对立统一的关系.有意义接受学习与发现学习都有其特定的适用范围和域限,在其特定的域限内都是有效的教学方式.这两种教学方式存在着学习性质、思维方式、使用对象等多方面的不同性,同时还存在着共同性、相互包含性和相互依存性.现代大学必须以有意义接受学习为主要教学方式,适当辅助于发现学习方式,才能更好地完成现代大学的教学使命.     

跨世纪教育领导的角色定位

处于世纪之交的教育领导整体角色应定位于改革者、设计者和教育者。由于教育领导大致包括教育行政领导,中小学领导及大学领导,这三者又分别是政策制订者、政策执行者和经营者。而不同的教育领导在实际工作中又包括９种具体的角色。