A Comparison of One-Step and Three-Step Approaches for Including Covariates in the Shared Parameter Growth Mixture Model

The shared parameter growth mixture model (SPGMM) has been proposed as a method to handle missing not at random (MNAR) data in longitudinal studies. This Monte Carlo simulation study compared the one-step approach with a three-step approach for adding covariates into the SPGMM. The results showed that performances of one-step and three-step approaches did not differ, but the estimate of the coefficient of the covariate was biased in most conditions with MNAR data. However, means, variances, and covariance of the intercept and slope as well as their standard errors were estimated without bias in most conditions, except for some combinations of small class distances and MNAR dropout missingness that was not related to the underlying growth trajectory. Classification accuracy was similar with both one-step and three-step SPGMM.     

集团上市对我国民办高校发展的影响 ——以X集团及其2所成员高校为例

我国一些民办高等教育集团在港股上市融资，对民办高等教育发展带来全新影响。通过对某上市的民办高等教育集团进行探索式案例分析，揭示出集团上市对旗下高校产生的影响：集团为民办高校铺设了联结政府和市场的沟通桥梁，上市融资扩充了集团的办学资本并影响了资源在成员高校之间的流动与配置，上市集团的管理理念和运作模式对高校传统办学体制产生了冲击。这些影响通过资本市场的介入和企业化管理体制的嵌套来施加，体现出教育、市场两种组织规律的博弈和融合。应慎重把握规模扩张和内涵发展之间的平衡关系，探索企业化管理和传统教育管理之间的融合模式，健全民办高校资产监管和质量评价机制。