A Comparison of Two Methods of Teaching the Tennis Serve

Abstract

This study was designed to compare the effectiveness of two methods of teaching the tennis serve. College women (N=123) in six tennis activity classes at Georgia Southern College participated. The experimental group of 60 students started serving from the service court line and were gradually moved back to the base line. The control group of 63 students began serving from the base line in the traditional manner. After five weeks of practice both groups were given the same tennis serving test for accuracy and speed. The study showed no significant differences in the two teaching methods.     

网球发球技术的生物力学分析

采用高速立体摄像和现场调研等方法,对我国男,女网球选手的发球技术进行了分析,从生物力学角度对抛球,击球动作技术冯及动作节奏问题的本质做了探讨,认为抛球高度落差过大是造成球爆发用力动作不连贯的主要根源;提高发球重点是要发挥躯干力量,就采用螺旋式向上用力技术,上技心地球折有最后加速功能,但更重要的是控制用力方向和球的落点;新、旧发球技术在用力节奏上有着本质性区别,新的发球动作节奏更符合动作作目的和人体     

网球发球动作和基本技术模式

通过对参加第27届奥运会选拔集训的26名国家队男、女运动员动作技术分析,并参考世界优秀网球运动员的发球技术,从中概括出理论和实践上我们认为比较合理的、适合我国运动员使用的网球发球技术动作模式.     

简易网球自动发球机的研制与应用

针对网球训练的技术要求,研制了简易网球自动发球机,并对其基本结构、发球的频率、角度、力量等工作原理及性能特点进行了合理的分析。实验证明简易网球自动发球机对丰富教学手段,提高教学质量具有很好的实用价值和指导意义.     

关于提高网球平击发球成功率的研究

运动计算机仿真技术,对不同初始条件下平击发球轨迹变化的规律进行分析。研究表明,击球点越高,发球成功率越大,发内角球比发外角球成功率大,在一定范围内,宁可降低击球点高度而使击球点靠近球网,可提高发球的成功率。给出以不同初速度和高度发球时球拍角度的参考值。     

Comparison of Muscle Patterning in the Overarm Throw and Tennis Serve

The muscular patterning of three skilled throwers who were less skilled servers, three skilled servers who were less skilled throwers, and three individuals skilled in both sport skills, was studied by means of electromyography and tri-plane cinematography during performances of the throw and serve. Surface electrodes were used to record electrical activity from two trunk, four shoulder girdle, and four shoulder joint muscles. Regardless of skill level, the nine female subjects used common joint and segment movements and employed, with minor exceptions, the same number of muscles during late preparatory and force production phases in the two skills. However, for the two skills, there were differences in the duration during which the muscles were active. The serve took longer to perform and involved a different sequential coordination of muscular activity than did the throw. Differences in muscle patterning between the two skills were greater during the force production phase in individuals judged to be skilled in both sport skills. The temporal differences between the two overarm skills suggested that, if performers can perceive time differences between 200 to 800 mseconds, then reference to or practice in the throw may not be a good method to gain expertise in the serve.     

从柳承敏发球与发球抢攻看乒乓球发球趋势

为探明柳承敏发球及发球后抢攻技术,运用文献资料法、录像观察法、数理统计法,对柳承敏与王皓、马琳、王励勤、萨姆索诺夫、李静6场比赛的柳承敏的293个发球进行了系统分析与研究,结果表明左、中、右锄发球变化较多,而且旋转转强、分布于开局、中局、尾局在落点上无明显变化.     

网球运动中发球质量影响因素的分析研究

影响发球质量的因素是多方面的。运用文献资料法、录像观察等方法主要从发球的技术动作、发球的落点和旋转等方面出发,分析和探讨了网球运动中发球质量的影响因素,从而通过有计划、有针对性的训练来提高发球的质量。     

心理训练法在网球接发教学中的应用研究

心理因素的影响在网球运动中占据重要作用。通过对运动员在接发球训练中的心理进行分析,并把一套自我暗示心理训练法用于接发球训练中,结果表明:不同的心理紧张程度对接发球和稳定性影响很大。在接发球训练中引入心理训练法效果明显,为体育训练提供了新的思路和方法。     

对我国青少年网球运动员发球技术的调查研究

本文对我国优秀青少年网球选手比赛中发球技术状况进行了调查,认为普遍存在较多的失发球局现象,应引起充分的重视。     

A Practical Tennis Serve Test: Measurement of Skill under Simulated Game Conditions

The Avery-Richardson Tennis Service Test was constructed to maximize the practical relationship between skills tests and playing situations. The test incorporates the game-like criteria of two balls per trial, service attempts to both right and left service courts, and comparable credit for flat, slice, and spin serves. In addition, norms were established for both college males and females at beginning and intermediate skill levels in tennis. Construct validity was established for the service test. There was a significant difference [F (1, 306) = 30.18, p < .00001] between beginning males and intermediate males, as well as a significant difference [F (1, 334) = 48.39, p < .00001] between beginning and intermediate females. To determine reliability, 93 males and 59 females were given the test on two separate occasions. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were calculated with resulting reliability estimates which ranged from .64 to .80 for the groups studied.     

Prelongitudinal Screening of Hypothesized Developmental Sequences for the Overhead Tennis Serve in Experienced Tennis Players 9-19 Years of Age

Abstract

A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate developmental characteristics within six body component actions for the overhead serve in tennis and to determine if such actions should be validated through longitudinal study. Developmental sequences, hypothesized for two components during the preparatory phase and four components during the force production phase of the overhead tennis serve, were used to classify the videotaped serving actions of 30 male and 30 female tennis players. Sequences hypothesized for the Preparatory Trunk, Elbow, and Forearm/Racket actions met the prelongitudinal screening criteria proposed by Roberton (1978); Roberton, Williams, and Langendorfer (1980); and Langendorfer (1982). Sequences for these component actions should be validated through longitudinal study. Steps within sequences for the Preparatory Backswing, Trunk for Force, and Feet/Legs are apparently misordered or not characteristic of a developmental process. Further cross-sectional study of these component actions prior to longitudinal study is recommended.     

浅析发球新规则对乒乓球技术的影响

对乒乓球发球新规则出台后，当今世界乒乓球技术产生的变革及今后乒乓球技术发展趋势作一简要分析。     

不同落点网球侧上旋发球技术的运动学对比分析

目的:探索不同落点(T内角、Body追身和Wide外角)网球侧上旋发球技术动作的运动学规律。方法:采用2台三维高速摄像机拍摄10名网球运动员侧上旋发球技术动作,使用北京体育大学视讯解析系统采集运动学参数,对原始数据进行平滑和归一化处理等(Fc=10)。结果:1)抛球引拍阶段:抛球时左肩水平投影角呈显著性差异,左肩、右肩和左膝关节角速度变量呈显著性相关(R=0.82),站位方式无显著性差异;2)"挠背"阶段:不同落点发球时发力顺序协调一致,由下至上逐步将力量传递至击球点;3)挥拍击球阶段:击球时刻不同落点间分速度和击球角度差异性显著,外角侧旋>追身侧旋>内角侧旋,内角上旋>追身上旋>外角上旋,外角Angle>追身Angle>内角Angle。击球点高度与身高的倍数为外角(1.32)、追身(1.25)和内角(1.21),击球点由内至外逐渐向右偏移;4)随挥阶段:击球后重心位移和速度分量未出现显著性差异,膝关节角度变化均值39.7±1.8°。结论:我国高校网球二级运动员亟需储备发球隐蔽性、击球点空间位置、挥拍轨迹和击球速度分量等方面的意识体系。应当继续以运动生物力学为手段加强网球各类型发球技术动作、各环节运动特征和发球所致损伤因素等进行系统化和精细化研究。     

计算机仿真技术在网球发球技术中的应用

随着计算机技术在各个领域的应用日益广泛,计算机仿真技术在体育中的应用也越来越多地受到关注。本文首先运用3D软件构建一个网球发球过程模型,在此模型内不断调整发球模型中击球点的高度,来观察发球有效面积和球速的变化情况;然后利用CAD软件输出3D模型效果图并利用CAD软件里面的面积计算功能对发球有效面积进行计算;第三利用SPSS15．0软件和EXECL软件对所得数据进行统计和分析;最后用真实的量化数据来说明网球发球过程中击球点高度对发球效果的具体影响。     

职业网球选手如何应用侧旋发球及特点

研究目的：随着网球技术高度发展,要求运动员的各项技术更加全面,就发球而言,目前世界高水平男子单打选手在发球落点、旋转和角度准确性的控制等方面较为突出,而在发球决胜局中,特别是在制胜分上在第一次发失误的情况下,如何在第二发中限制对手并迫使对手进入自己的预设的赢球模式显得尤为重要。研究结果和结论：通过分析发现职业网球选手在处理关键分上发球时偏向采用侧旋,以角度、旋转制胜而不是在速度上寻求制胜。     

网球发球技术二维分类系统构建及其运用的实验研究

采用文献资料法、访谈法、实验法和数理统计法,对沈阳体育学院2004级运动训练系网球专修学生网球发球技术动作的规范性进行实验研究。根据金泰尔的"二维分类系统",构建网球发球技术动作的二维分类系统。经过实验教学后,学生发球技术动作的规范性得到了明显提高。     

四种局类型视域下对网球发球决策的统计分析

通过文献资料法、录像分析法、数理统计法对赛雷亚·威廉姆斯与WTA2012-2014年终总决赛优秀女子单打网球比赛的技术数据进行统计分析。S-威廉姆斯发球局中内外角得分率明显高于对手,得分率依次随拍数增加而增加。破对手发球局中,对手发球落点比较集中某一区域,S-威廉姆斯在拍数3-5和大于10拍两阶段得分率高于1-3拍和5-10拍。被对手破发球局中S-小威廉姆斯得分率较低,失分主要集中在前5拍。破发球局中得分率主要来源于S-威廉姆斯的制胜分和对手的失误,Ace球数高于对手,平均每局双误数量明显低于对手。表明S-威廉姆斯属于传统的底线型打法选手,发球成功率较高,正反手击球稳定性较强,主动得分能力表现出色。发球技战术变化较多,能够充分选择具有针对性的发球策略。     

影像反馈对乒乓球反手发短球动作技能学习的影响

以16名(平均分为两组)选修乒乓球专项课的大学生为研究对象,对其进行乒乓球反手发短球技能学习影像反馈效果的实验。两组受试者开始时(阶段A)分别进行4天及7天每次20球不给任何反馈的反手发短球测验,接着进行10天的影像反馈介入(阶段B),之后进入撤除介入变量后的维持阶段(阶段M),继续各做4天的反手发短球测验。最后再分写总计18天及21天的得分,算出个别的平均数,再以这三个阶段中各区间的得分平均值做比较,然后以曲线图与视觉分析表进行分析。结果显示:两组受试者在阶段A的得分变化都呈现出平稳的现象;在进入B阶段时,第一组受试者的得分变化幅度要较第二组受试者大,但整体上都开始明显增长末段趋缓的现象;进入阶段M时,得分不再继续增长而保持阶段B时的表现水平。此结果支持影像反馈有助于反手发短球学习效果的假设。     

2008年温网郑洁发球技术分析

通过对我国选手郑洁2008年温网全程比赛的录像观摩,对其发球技术从身高体重、发球落点区域分布、发球球速、ACES和双误、发球成功率、发球得分率等方面与其他优秀选手进行对比分析,得出结论:郑洁的发球比较稳定,但在速度、力量方面与世界优秀女子选手存在较大差距;发球是其技术较薄弱的环节.建议从加强速度力量素质的训练、提高发球技术和完善发球技术动作、增加发球落点变化三方面弥补身高、体重带来的劣势.