On the Change of Teacher＇s Function in the Curriculum Reform of Artistic Design

面对高职高专艺术设计课程教学改革发展的迅猛趋势,最急需解决的是教师的角色定位和职能转换等问题。教师是办学的根本,是教学改革的原动力,必须持续关注和解决艺术设计专业教师队伍中存在的：专业教师的成员结构与教学状态问题;专业教师的教学能力与定向培养问题;专业教师的知识状态与智力结构问题;专业教师培训与考核机制建立问题;以及专业教师必须面对与解决的系列新要求与老问题等。     

Improving the Design of Children's Books Art and Design Applied to Books——Research in the UK

This article is mainly on the research of how to improve the design of children’s books.     

A Shift in the Direction of the Production Effect in Children Aged 2–6 Years

Research has found mixed evidence for the production effect in childhood. Some studies have found a positive effect of production on word recognition and recall, while others have found the reverse. This paper takes a developmental approach to investigate the production effect. Children aged 2–6 years (n = 150) from a predominantly white population in Ottawa, Canada were trained on familiar words which were either seen, heard or produced, followed by a recall task. Results showed a developmental shift: younger participants showed a reverse production effect, recalling more words that were heard during training, while older children showed the typical production effect, recalling more produced words. The effect of production on recall is not unidirectional and varies by age.     

How to Change Students‘ Conceptions of the Epistemology of Science

This paper is subdivided into two sections: In Part I empirical results of students epistemological conceptions of laws, hypotheses, theories, and models are presented as well as their ideas of the pathway of scientific discovery. These results are discussed in relation to research results of different recent publications. In Part II an outline and analysis of a two-year program for explicitly teaching epistemology in a physics course (grade 11-13) is given.     

Does Reading Cause Later Intelligence? Accounting for Stability in Models of Change

This study reanalyzes data presented by Ritchie, Bates, and Plomin (2015) who used a cross‐lagged monozygotic twin differences design to test whether reading ability caused changes in intelligence. The authors used data from a sample of 1,890 monozygotic twin pairs tested on reading ability and intelligence at five occasions between the ages of 7 and 16, regressing twin differences in intelligence on twin differences in prior intelligence and twin differences in prior reading ability. Results from a state–trait model suggest that reported effects of reading ability on later intelligence may be artifacts of previously uncontrolled factors, both environmental in origin and stable during this developmental period, influencing both constructs throughout development. Implications for cognitive developmental theory and methods are discussed.     

A Formal Approach to the Design of Network Protocol

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Development of Instrument Control System Using Biosignals Created by the Change of Eyes Movement Sequence

Inthe 196 0′stheUSAirForcedidextensivere searchesontheno handscontrolforpilotsusingbrainwaves.Theseresearcheswerenotworkedoutbecausethehumanbrainelectricalactivitywasundetectablysmall[1] .Forinstance ,Yogaadeptsandotherdisciplinedmedita torscangofromanalertstatetothemeditative“Alpha”statethroughchangingelectroencephalogram(EEG)fromthemostlyirregularandhigherfrequencyfluctuationstothelargelystablewaveoutputaround 10Hz,butittakeseventhebestpractitionersseveralsecondstoperform .Al thoughso…     

Development of Instrument Control System Using Biosignals Created by the Change of Eyes Movement Sequenc

A new biosignal control system that offers the disables the opportunities to control electric appliances is proposed.The four types of signals created by the eyes movements in four directions(up,down,left,and right),which are taken as four basic signals,are detected at the forehead.Permulation of 2 signals out of them creates 16 different signals.Permutation of 3 signals out a them creates 64 signals.They all amouts to 84 control signals.They are thought to be applicable for the operation of some instruments.Furthermore,the dynamic biosignals created by the slow eyes movement is speculated to be applicable for the more convenient control of them.     

The Effect of Including Pretest Items in an Operational Computerized Adaptive Test: Do Different Ability Examinees Spend Different Amounts of Time on Embedded Pretest Items?

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of pretest items on response time in an operational, fixed-length, time-limited computerized adaptive test (CAT). These pretest items are embedded within the CAT, but unlike the operational items, are not tailored to the examinee's ability level. If examinees with higher ability levels need less time to complete these items than do their counterparts with lower ability levels, they will have more time to devote to the operational test questions. Data were from a graduate admissions test that was administered worldwide. Data from both quantitative and verbal sections of the test were considered. For the verbal section, examinees in the lower ability groups spent systematically more time on their pretest items than did those in the higher ability groups, though for the quantitative section the differences were less clear.     

Temporal Stability in the Effects of College Attendance on Locus of Control, 1972–1992

Locus of control is fairly stable over time but does change as a result of natural events, such as the acquisition of college education. Previous research found this to be so in a study of the high school class of 1972. This investigation asked whether a model of stability and change in locus of control had changed since the benchmark study of the 1972 high school class. Using a carefully designed structural equation model comparing high school classes of 1972 and 1992, we concluded that the influence of college on locus of control, although small to begin with, has not changed in 20 years.     

How to Reduce the Negative Effect in Listening Comprehension

Anxiety has negative effect on listening comprehen-sionAnxiety isa kind of“fear,eap.as caused by uncertain-ty aboutsomething”Ithas been proved thatanxiety has anegative effecton language learning.How to reduce the negative effect of anxiety on stu-dents′listening comprehension during English listeningteaching activities1 .Inform the students of the special features of Eng-lish listeningThere are a number of ways in which listening activi-ties differ from other classroom activities.1 .1 It…     

How to Reduce the Negative Effect in Listening Comprehension

Listening os very important for EFL (English as foreign language)students. Many factors involved in EFL listening affect listening comprehension. Anxiety is one of them and has a negative effect on EFL listening comprehension. This paper focuses on the negative effect of ansiety and suggests some availabe methods for teachers to adopt in their EFL listening teaching activities in order to reduce the negative effect of anxiety on listening comprehension.     

Group Assessment in Systems Analysis and Design: a comparison of the performance of streamed and mixed‐ability groups

The results from a controlled experiment in methods of group formation for a group assessment exercise on a second‐year systems analysis and design module are presented. The experiment was undertaken in response to analysis of module results from the previous 3 years. In the group assessments the members of each group received the same group grade. The experiment compared the performance of streamed and mixed‐ability groups. The results are analysed and discussed. It shows that high ability students obtain considerably lower grades in mixed‐ability groups than in streamed groups whereas the reverse is the case for students at the lower end of the ability range. The study also indicates that lower ability students do better in subsequent examinations after having worked in mixed‐ability groups than those in streamed groups whereas the reverse is the case for higher ability students. The implications of the results and directions for future research are discussed.     

Models of academic governance during a period of nation-building: the Hebrew University in the 1920s–1960s

This paper explores the development of the structures of university governance at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem between the 1920s and 1960s. The model that ultimately prevailed, a state-sponsored model of governance, dominated the higher education system in Israel until the early 2000s and was characterised by the dominance of academic faculty, a status that the government accorded to the faculty in exchange for their acceptance of the state’s normative vision for universities’ role in society. Two main governance models that were instituted at the HU are identified: (1) the Diaspora university, 1925–1950, a distinctive governance model that emerged in the pre-state period and was controlled by Jewish communities in the Diaspora, and (2) the state university, 1950s–2000s, which shifted the centre of gravity to the state. These models are further divided into sub-models and the processes described through which academic autonomy was institutionalised during a period of nation-building.     

Making a positive impact in rural places: Change agency in the context of school–university–community collaboration in education

International Review of Education -     

A Computational Approach to Assessing Rhetorical Effectiveness: Agentic Framing of Climate Change in the Congressional Record, 1994–2016

The goal of this paper is to consider rhetorical effects as the propagation of rhetorical expressions across large sets of texts, measured by the extent to which rhetorical expressions, structures, or practices become replicated in texts and sites of rhetorical in(ter)vention. The paper draws on lines of scholarship in the digital humanities and computational rhetoric – primarily, sequential structuring of semantic contexts, semantic parsing of unstructured text, and diachronic tracking of textual expressions – to extend their conceptual and methodological insights into a computational framework for assessing rhetorical effectiveness. It offers a test case for this concept through an analysis of how Congress has framed human agency toward addressing climate change.     

Design and Evaluation of a Programme to Promote Prosocial‐Altruistic Behaviour in the School

Abstract

This article describes a programme of educational intervention aimed at the development of prosocial‐altruistic behaviour, and presents a study which evaluated its efficacy. The sample comprised 110 subjects, aged between 10 and 12 years, from four class‐groups. The intervention, which consisted of a series of activities intended to encourage empathy, perspective‐taking, having the concept of a person, and co‐operation, was carried out by the teacher‐tutor of each group in 15 weekly sessions. The pre‐test/post‐test comparisons showed a significant increase in prosocial‐‐altruistic behaviour (measured by a sociogram on “Consoling and Defending” behaviour and a questionnaire on Prosocial behaviour), as well as an improvement in the capacity for perspective‐taking and in the climate in the classroom.     

New Methods in Design Education： The Systemic Methodology and the Use of Sketch in the Conceptual Design Stage

This study describes the application of a new product concurrent design methodologies in the context in the education of industrial design. The use of the sketch has been utilized many times as a tool of creative expression especially in the conceptual design stage, in an intuitive way and a little out of the context of the reality needs that the design should be attended. This methodology systematizes and guides the process of sketching by means of a conceptual model and a geometric model toward a feasible solution, complementing the role of the sketch in the phase of a product conceptual design. The model describes its operating principles, as well as the phases of implementation in the context of teaching the industrial design illustrated with projects carried out in the workshop of conceptual design of the University Technical College of Valencia and University of the Bio-Bio, Chile. Finally, we discuss the implementation of the systemic models, their relation with the optimisation of the sketching process in the conceptual design stage, and their implications in the educational context.     

Students’ Perception of Change in the Singapore Education System

This paper presents the findings of a research that examines students perception of the change in the Singapore Education System and how that impacts on their satisfaction and outlook. Analysis of the data obtained through a questionnaire and face-to-face interviews shows that the more favourable the perception of change amongst students, the more favourable is their satisfaction and outlook. The implication for education leaders is that it is important to understand student perception of change because they are the ultimate beneficiary of change.     

Variations of Symbolic Power and Control in the One-to-One Computing Classroom: Swedish Teachers’ Enacted Didactical Design Decisions

This study provides new insights into Swedish teachers’ didactical designs when handling two contemporary challenges regarding the new national curriculum and the increasing digitalisation of schools through one-to-one computing initiatives. The research questions consider how teachers organise physical and digital resources in their classrooms as well as variations in teachers’ pedagogical communication. From a study of 23 one-to-one computing classrooms (using tablets), some ethnographic-inspired methods were applied based on classroom observation and recordings of teachers’ teaching. The findings show two distinct forms of teachers’ classroom organisation that indicate different didactical designs used by teachers to integrate one-to-one computing into the classroom. Variations in teaching resulted in a shift of symbolic power and control from teachers to students, which exploit the potential of using one-to-one computing in the classroom.