美国政府首席信息官制度的特色与启示

文章简要介绍了美国政府首席信息官制度的产生与发展历史,探讨了其实践特色,并就对我国政府首席信息官制度建立和完善的启示意义进行了分析。     

Social media use in the U.S. Executive branch

In 2009, the Obama administration issued the Open Government Initiative that directed Executive agencies to improve transparency, openness in government, and public participation with government. The Obama administration views transparency and openness in government as a cost-effective and efficient process capable of improving public participation with government and public access to government information. To address the initiative in part, many agencies adopt social media as the means to disseminate information out to the public and to increase public participation with agency website content and activities. This exploratory study examines Executive agency use of social media and public participation with the media. Findings indicate that most agencies reviewed do use social media. The public does interact with the media and some agencies experience high overall participation levels; however, there are some issues with agency use of social media and public participation with the media.     

Comparison of social media use for the U.S. and the Korean governments

Social media allows for the creation of bottom-up online communities that encourage the government to utilize a two-way participatory media model, rather than a traditional broadcast media model. The purpose of this study is to examine the current status of social media usage in both Korean and U.S. governments, present several issues and suggest future directions.     

On making public policy with publicly available data: The case of U.S. communications policymaking

A fundamental principle of public policymaking should be that public policy must be made with publicly available data. This article develops this position and applies it to an assessment of the current state of communications policymaking, a policy area in which controversies surrounding the transparency of policy research and the accessibility of policy-relevant data have been both common and extremely contentious in recent years. This article provides a detailed assessment of the challenges confronting greater transparency and accessibility of communications policy-relevant data, as well as a detailed set of proposals for improving the current situation, in an effort to build towards an environment in which public policy is made with publicly available data.     

公共图书馆开展政府信息公开服务的思考

《中华人民共和国政府信息公开条例》的颁布为公共图书馆事业带来了难得的发展机遇。目前,公共图书馆开展政府信息公开服务初具规模,存在黑龙江模式、苏州模式和嘉兴模式3种值得推介的发展模式。公共图书馆参与政府信息公开具有绝对的优势,而法律上的支持又为其扫清了前进道路上的诸多障碍。在机遇面前,公共图书馆应正视所面临的挑战,充分发挥公共服务职能,为社会提供优质的政府信息公开服务。     

Information on Native Americans in U.S. Government Publications

Abstract

This article is a selective annotated list of print and electronic sources that provide information on Native Americans and the United States Government. While most of these are issued by the federal agencies, there are also some commercially published works that cover government resources or describe and interpret federal activities. The bibliography is arranged in broad subject areas; headings include finding tools, federal policy, federal laws and regulations, treaties, statistics, history and culture, and contemporary issues.     

从美国对首席信息主管的聘任谈信息管理者的素质

从美国对首席信息主管的聘任谈信息管理者的素质范晓虹（北京大学信息管理系）伴随着现代信息资源管理由分散到集成、由零乱到规范、由配角到主角的转变,ＣＩＯ（ＣｈｉｅｆＩｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎＯｆｉｃｅｒ）即首席信息主管的地位、作用和职能等已日渐被人们所认识和...     

开放政府背景下图书馆参与社会治理:理论依据与实现路径

开放政府背景下,现代社会治理强调建立多方参与、协商合作的治理模式,为图书馆参与社会治理提供了发展机遇。文章从治理问题、治理目标、治理主体、治理方式四个角度论证了图书馆参与社会治理的必要性与可行性,并提出从制度、机制、意识、技术四个层面来促进图书馆参与社会治理。     

我国《政府信息公开条例》的“公众认知度”调查

研究通过开放式问卷调查,统计并分析了公众对《条例》及其颁布时间和生效时间的知晓情况、关注程度、对与自己相关度的认识、关键内容的知晓情况、对《条例》解决问题的预期、对其他国家颁布的同类法规的知晓状况以及对条例影响的评估等,并提出若干建议。     

Selection practices for Web-based government publications in state depository library programs: Comparing active and passive approaches

This paper describes a comparative case study of the capture and selection practices used to populate electronic depositories of born-digital state government publications. The three case sites illustrate differences in collection building approaches, technological infrastructures, and statutory contexts. The findings reveal two basic modes of selection practices—active selection and passive selection, and three selection models based on the loci of selection control—library selection, liaison selection, and creator selection. Also, the findings suggest the power of defining and selecting government publications for state depositories is shifting from government agencies to state libraries in the active selection model. The authors argue for the need to attend to Web publications in non-traditional formats (e.g., an interactive HTML document) and to include common publications produced for lay citizens (e.g., brochures, fact sheets, FAQs, etc.) in the permanent collections in order to fully document government activities for the historical record.     

Accessibility of U.S. federal government home pages: Section 508 compliance and site accessibility statements

U.S. federal websites are required to be accessible for people with impairments. However, despite the existing regulations and guidelines, many federal websites continue to be inaccessible, and accessibility policy statements available on federal websites often do not provide any useful information. This paper provides three contributions to the research literature: (1) an accessibility evaluation of 100 federal home pages using both human and automated methods, (2) a content analysis of existing website accessibility policy statements, and (3) a discussion of the relationship between actual Section 508 compliance and the existing accessibility policy statements on a website. The paper concludes with recommendations for improving policy related to Section 508 compliance for websites.     

From e-government to we-government: Defining a typology for citizen coproduction in the age of social media

This paper examines the evolution of citizen coproduction in the age of social media, web 2.0 interactivity, and ubiquitous connectivity. The paper first discusses the re-emergence of citizen coproduction – whereby citizens perform the role of partner rather than customer in the delivery of public services – as a fashionable policy option in the face of persistent budget deficits and the advent of new channels for mass collaboration. Finding a plethora of competing labels, models, and concepts for coproduction in the age of social media, the paper proposes a unified typology to support systematic analysis based on the overarching categories of “Citizen Sourcing,” “Government as a Platform,” and “Do-It-Yourself Government.” To demonstrate its use, the typology is applied to leading U.S. government implementations. The paper concludes with a discussion of the potential implications for public administration, the remaining limitations and rising social concerns, and the possible emergence of a new social contract that empowers the public to play a far more active role in the functioning of their government.     

Human Trafficking in the United States. Part II. Survey of U.S. Government Web Resources for Publications and Data

This second part of a two-part series is a survey of U.S. government web resources on human trafficking in the United States, particularly of the online publications and data included on agencies’ websites. Overall, the goal is to provide an introduction, an overview, and a guide on this topic for library staff to use in their research and instruction services, as well as to benefit new researchers, students, government agencies, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), social service providers, and others exploring this topic.     

美国信息素质教育进展述略

本文从以下方面介绍分析了近几年美国信息素质教育的进展情况：涌现了大量信息素质教育标准和准则、深入研究信息素质教育理论、强调信息利用的法律及社会道德问题、技术发展对信息素质教育的影响以及教学规划和教学措施的发展演变。     

美国ARL大学馆信息共享空间发展现状调查分析

通过对113所ARL大学图书馆信息共享空间物理层的建设现状进行网络调查,详细介绍了其所包含的实体空间、硬件设备和服务设施三个部分的发展现状,及其对国内高校馆开展信息服务的启示意义。     

关于美国信息立法的探索

信息立法是有关信息法的制定。信息法是一国为管理信息产业而制定的为调整信息活动而产生的各种社会关系的法律规律的总和。文章先概述了信息法的内涵,然而从四个方面公民信息自由与隐私保护、知识产权保护、商业信息保护、信息的安全保护等对美国的信息法作了说明     

Social Science Reference and U.S. Government Information on CD-ROM:

The Depository Library Program of the Government Printing Office is increasingly distributing its publications in nonprint formats. A growing number of its titles are being issued on CD-ROM. Among these titles are some that are useful for research in the social sciences. Reviewed are titles issued by the Bureau of the Census, the Department of Commerce, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Labor, and the Department of Health and Human Services.     

Partners in Collaborative Cataloging: The U.S. Government Printing Office and the University of Montana

Collaboration is a necessity in the current library environment where time, money, and resources are limited. This is particularly noticeable for institutions housing federal government documents. In addition to keeping up with the influx of current publications, federal depository libraries must address historical documents for which bibliographic records are not readily available. This report discusses how the United States Government Printing Office and the University of Montana Maureen and Mike Mansfield Library are working together to increase access to pre-1976 United States Forest Service publications and gray literature within the same subject area.     

Collaborative digital government in Mexico: Some lessons from federal Web-based interorganizational information integration initiatives

The use of information and communication technologies in government has been characterized as one powerful strategy for administrative reform. From recent experiences around the world, it seems clear that in order to enjoy some of the greatest benefits of digital government, the integration of information across organizational boundaries is necessary. However, these digital government initiatives face additional challenges, since the required level of interorganizational collaboration and trust is often not supported by existing institutional arrangements, organizational structures, and managerial processes. In fact, many institutions and administrative structures found in government contexts offer incentives for single-agency work only, which produces stove-pipe systems. Based on an extensive case study in the Mexican federal government, this paper explores how certain institutional arrangements and organizational structures can enable or hinder cross-agency collaboration and consequently, interorganizational information integration.     

美国政府信息资源再利用:立法、实践与思考

本文介绍了美国政府信息资源再利用的主要立法,分析了保障法律执行的措施,探讨了推进信息资源再利用的部分经验,并就发展我国政府信息资源再利用事业提出若干建议。