急性应激对小鼠空间学习记忆功能及脑内NT-3表达的影响

目的：研究急性应激对小鼠空间学习记忆的影响及其机制。方法：以足底电击来建立急性应激小鼠模型，采用Morris水迷宫检测小鼠空间学习记忆能力，以免疫组化方法检测神经营养因子-3(NT-3)在小鼠海马和前脑皮层的表达。结果：水迷宫实验中，急性应激组小鼠与对照组相比，空间学习记忆显著提高(P<0.01)。在海马CA1区、CA3区、齿状回及前脑皮层NT-3的表达显著增强(P<0.05，P<0.01)。结论：急性应激所致小鼠空间学习记忆功能的提高可能与脑内NT-3表达上调相关。     

不同运动负荷对小鼠学习记忆能力及脑组织血管内皮物质的影响

目的:不同运动负荷对小鼠学习记忆能力及脑组织血管内皮物质的影响及意义。方法:将小鼠随机分为中运动负荷组、高运动负荷组和对照组。各组按设计的运动负荷对运动负荷组小鼠进行游泳运动训练。于运动训练结束后,进行各组小鼠学习能力测试,24 h后进行记忆能力和脑组织血管内皮物质测定。结果:(1)学习能力测试。与对照组比较,中运动负荷组的总电击时间、错误反应次数显著减少(P<0.05),正确反应率显著增高(P<0.01),高运动负荷组总电击时间、总训练次数、错误反应次数均显著增加(P<0.05),正确反应率显著减小(P<0.01)。(2)记忆能力测试。与对照组比较,中运动负荷组的总电击时间显著减少、正确反应率显著增高(P<0.05),高运动负荷组总电击时间显著延长、正确反应率显著减小(P<0.05,P<0.01)。(3)脑组织血管内皮物质测试。与对照组比较,中运动负荷组血管紧张素Ⅱ和一氧化氮含量显著下降(P<0.05),高运动负荷组内皮素和血管紧张素Ⅱ含量显著增高(P<0.05)。结论:不同运动负荷对小鼠的学习记忆能力产生不同的影响,这种影响的机制可能与脑组织血管内皮物质的变化有一定联系。     

有氧训练及大强度疲劳训练对小鼠学习、记忆能力的影响

探讨有氧训练和大强度疲劳训练对小鼠学习记忆能力的影响。采用游泳耐力训练方式 ,建立小鼠有氧运动和疲劳运动模型 ,通过Morris水迷宫法记录不同小鼠学习记忆能力。结果表明 ,大强度疲劳训练小鼠学习成绩明显低于有氧训练组和对照组 ,有氧训练组小鼠记忆成绩好于对照组和大强度疲劳组。结论　大强度疲劳训练影响空间认知能力和学习成绩 ,有氧训练促进记忆能力     

低温运动对小鼠血清溶菌酶活性影响的研究

试从低温、运动两方面来探讨冬泳对小鼠溶菌酶活性,以及对免疫力的影响。以小鼠为研究对象,随机分为静养组、冷暴露组、冷水游泳组,每组10只,进行两个月的实验。对各组小鼠的白细胞和血清溶菌酶活性进行比较。结果:静养组与冷水游泳组小鼠的血清对溶壁微球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有极显著性差异,静养组与冷暴露组的白细胞数量差异性不显著。结论:表明冷水游泳能使小鼠血清中溶菌酶的活性提高。     

基于行为学的自由转轮运动抗实验性抑郁研究

目的:通过建立稳定有效的抑郁症小鼠模型,观察自由转轮运动对实验性抑郁小鼠的抗抑郁治疗效果.方法:对45只健康雄性小白鼠进行适应饲养,两天后进行编号和分组,随机分为正常型组(1)15只、转轮组(3)15只、模型组(5)15只.正常型组群养不采取任何刺激,余两组均采用分笼饲养,选用夹尾(止血钳,距尾根1em/1min)、电击足底(1s)、冰水游泳(5min)、热刺激(40℃/5min)、明暗颠倒(24h)、停食(24h)、停水(24h).实验结束后,比较各组动物的行为学得分、体重的变化及空间学习记忆成绩.研究结论:自由转轮运动组与抑郁模型组小鼠比较,两组的OPEN-FIELD TEST行为学活动得分与空间学习记忆有显著性差异,自由转轮运动抗实验性抑郁的效果显著.结论:自由转轮运动可以拮抗实验性动物的抑郁症.     

中小负荷运动对心理应激状态下大鼠心理神经免疫若干指标的影响

方法：将56只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为7组，即对照组、电击组、心理应激组、30min运动组、应激 30min运动组、60min运动组、应激 60min运动组。进行8周游泳运动，并在后2个星期施加心理应激。结果：1)心理应激对大鼠免疫功能的抑制有十分显著的作用。血清IL-1水平显著低于对照组。而皮质酮、pEP的含量明显高于对照组。2)运动作为一种降低心理应激的手段对机体的保护作用十分明显。与应激组相比，运动 应激组IL-1水平升高，且β—EP和皮质酮含量均有所下降。结论：心理应激作为一种应激源，引起大鼠较强的心理反应，从而使机体内分泌功能紊乱并抑制了免疫功能。中等负荷运动在应激状态下对大鼠机体功能的保护非常显著，比小负荷运动更能提高机体的抗应激能力。     

中药复方对抑郁模型小鼠学习记忆能力及脑内SDF-1的影响

目的：探讨中药复方枳菊解郁汤对抑郁模型小鼠空间学习记忆能力的影响及其机制。方法：采用多种因素慢性轻度不可预见性应激方式建立抑郁模型小鼠,分别给予小鼠低、中、高剂量枳菊解郁汤处理。采用Morris水迷宫实验,检测小鼠的空间学习记忆能力的变化;通过免疫组织化学方法检测脑内基质细胞衍生因子(SDF-1)的表达。结果：与对照组相比,模型组小鼠的空间学习记忆能力明显下降(P<0.01),SDF-1在海马CA1,CA3,DG及前脑皮层的表达明显降低(P<0.05);与模型组相比,枳菊解郁汤中剂量组小鼠的空间学习记忆能力明显增高(P<0.05),SDF-1在海马CA1,CA3,DG及前脑皮层的表达明显增加(P<0.05)。结论：枳菊解郁汤的抗抑郁作用可能与SDF-1的表达上调有关。     

味觉嗜好学习对游泳运动大鼠支链氨基酸及神经递质变化的影响

目的:探讨氨基酸嗜好学习建立后游泳运动大鼠血、脑脊液中BCAA、GABA、Trp及其代谢产物的关系,为延缓或消除运动性疲劳探索新的途径.方法:采用HPLC法测定味觉嗜好学习建立后,进行7天适宜、力竭游泳运动后大鼠血、脑脊液中支链氨基酸及神经递质变化.结果:血液中BCAA浓度变化趋势是力竭游泳对照组显著高于空白对照组,P<0.05;脑脊液中氨基酸嗜好组、氨基酸嗜好后适宜游泳组显著低于空白对照组,P相似文献   

跑台运动对慢性应激致抑郁模型大鼠学习记忆及前额叶皮质c-fos表达的影响

目的:探讨4周中等强度跑台运动对慢性不可预知性应激致抑郁大鼠开场实验及空间学习记忆能力、血清皮质醇和前额叶皮质(PFC)自由基代谢及c-fos表达的影响.方法:将30只大鼠随机分为对照组、应激模型组及应激运动组3组,每组10只.应激模型组及应激运动组大鼠每日进行慢性不可预知性应激1次,连续28天,同时应激运动组大鼠进行4周跑台运动.跑台运动结束后检测所有大鼠血清皮质醇水平及PF区自由基含量,运用开场实验测试大鼠主动活动能力及探索行为,Y迷宫实验测试大鼠空间学习记忆能力,采用免疫组织化学结合图像半定量方法对PF区c-fos神经元的数量、面积及灰度进行测量和分析.结果:(1)与应激模型组比较,应激运动组大鼠穿越格数、直立次数及修饰次数显著增多(P＜0.01,P＜O.05),中央格停留时间缩短(P＜0.05),粪便颗粒减少(P＜0.05);(2)与应激模型组比较,应激运动组大鼠血清皮质醇水平下降(P＜0.05),PF区SOD活性增强(P＜0.05),MDA含量下降(P＜0.05);应激运动组大鼠在Y迷宫训练中达到标准时训练时间缩短,电击次数减少(P＜0.05),Y迷宫记忆能力测试中,应激运动组大鼠错误次数少于应激模型组;(3)与应激模型组比较,应激运动组大鼠PFC区原癌基因c fos免疫阳性神经元面移积及数量表达均增加(P＜0.05),灰度值虽降低,但没有显著差异(P＞0.05).结论:长期跑台运动可提高抑郁大鼠的学习记忆能力,可能与跑台运动降低抑郁大鼠血清皮质醇水平、增强脑抗氧化能力及上调前额叶皮质c-fos的表达有关.     

运动训练对应激大鼠下丘脑CRH mRNA的影响

为探讨运动训练和应激对大鼠HPA轴的影响,将50只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为7组,即对照组、电击组、60min运动训练组、急性心理应激组、慢性心理应激组、急性心理应激+运动组、慢性心理应激+运动组。进行10周游泳运动训练,同时分别施加急、慢性心理应激,然后检测大鼠下丘脑CRHmRNA。结果:1)心理应激可激活HPA轴,下丘脑CRHmRNA显著高于对照组。2)与应激组相比,运动+应激组CRHmRNA增加不明显。结论:心理应激作为一种应激源,会引起大鼠较强的心理反应,从而激活HPA轴;中等负荷运动可有效地降低心理应激,提高机体的抗应激能力。     

穴位和非穴位刺激对大鼠骨骼肌能量代谢的影响

采用实验法,将大鼠随机分成非穴位刺激组、穴位刺激组(刺激"足三里"、"承山"、"大椎"、"命门"穴位)进行电针刺激,观察大鼠骨骼肌ATP酶、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和磷酸肌酸激酶(CPK)活性的变化。结果表明:穴位电刺激使大鼠骨骼肌ATPase、LDH和CPK活性比非穴位刺激组显著升高(P<0 01),并对协调发展磷酸肌酸(CP)供能,糖酵解供能能力有明显效果,说明了穴位电刺激能改善大鼠骨骼肌的能量代谢。     

A Kinematic Analysis of the Baseball Batting Swings Involved in Opposite-Field and Same-Field Hitting

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanics of hitting a baseball to the same and opposite fields. Twenty male subjects were assigned to one of two groups according to their baseball hitting abilities. Each subject performed as many trials as were necessary to successfully hit a pitched ball three times to both the same and opposite fields. Each trial was filmed from above. No significant interactions (p < 0.05) were found between subject groups and field hits with selected temporal and kinematic parameters entered as dependent variables. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between body landmark and segment component displacements and velocities at the instant prior to ball contact. The maximum resultant linear and angular speed of the examined body and bat landmarks were found to occur prior to ball contact. Based on the results of the study it was concluded that no interactions exist between hitting ability and hitting technique when hitting to defined field areas and that differences in the mechanics of hitting to defined areas are due in part to: (1) differences in the angular displacements of the left wrist and left elbow joints and (2) differences in the temporal characteristics of the swings.     

射击运动员心率与命中率的监测与调控

采用遥测心率仪监测射击运动员训练、比赛中心率与命中率的关系。表明:由于训练、比赛的不同情境,运动员的紧张程度不一,其平均心率也不同;但对同一射手而言,其命中10环时的心率较9环(及9环以下)时的心率低约8次/min左右。为了有效提高运动员的命中率,采用生物反馈技术,对运动员实施心理调控,发现放松表象训练能改善运动员心率,同时射手击发前的瞄点更为准确,从而提高了她们击发动作的一致性和命中率。     

肢体穴位与综合穴位刺激对消除肌肉急性疲劳效果的比较

运用实验法，比较电针刺激肢体穴位和综合穴位的不同效果。结果显示：综合穴位刺激相对于肢体穴位，400m跑后血乳酸、肌力、30m跑、立定跳远等指标均具有显著性差异；说明电针刺激运动员综合穴位消除肌肉急性疲劳的效果较好。     

电刺激在股四头肌抗负荷力量训练中的应用研究

本文通过对股四头肌的辅助电刺激技术的抗负荷力量训练方法(ESM)与传统力量训练方法(TM)的比较研究,发现 ESM 对受试者的原地纵跳能力、股四头肌一般力量和快速力量提高较之 TM 取得更好的效果,而两种训练方法所引起硬四头肌力量的增长具有相似的动态特征。另外,ESM 训练股四头肌,对股后肌群力量提高也有明显影响。     

不同浓度黑木耳多糖对离体肌肉收缩能力的影响

采用脉冲式电流直接刺激离体蟾蜍腓肠肌作为疲劳模型,探讨黑木耳多糖体外抗疲劳作用。结果:1mg/ml浓度的黑木耳多糖能够延长肌肉收缩幅度降到最大收缩幅度的10%的时间(P<0.01);0.1mg/ml浓度组能延长肌肉收缩幅度降到最大收缩幅度的90%,50%,10%的时间(P<0.05或P<0.01),显示了其抗疲劳的作用;0.01mg/ml浓度组能延长肌肉收缩幅度降到最大收缩幅度的50%,10%的时间(P<0.05或P<0.01),显示了其抗疲劳的作用。认为适宜浓度的黑木耳多糖具有抗疲劳作用,而较高浓度的黑木耳多糖具有促疲劳作用。     

不同落点网球侧上旋发球技术的运动学对比分析

目的:探索不同落点(T内角、Body追身和Wide外角)网球侧上旋发球技术动作的运动学规律。方法:采用2台三维高速摄像机拍摄10名网球运动员侧上旋发球技术动作,使用北京体育大学视讯解析系统采集运动学参数,对原始数据进行平滑和归一化处理等(Fc=10)。结果:1)抛球引拍阶段:抛球时左肩水平投影角呈显著性差异,左肩、右肩和左膝关节角速度变量呈显著性相关(R=0.82),站位方式无显著性差异;2)"挠背"阶段:不同落点发球时发力顺序协调一致,由下至上逐步将力量传递至击球点;3)挥拍击球阶段:击球时刻不同落点间分速度和击球角度差异性显著,外角侧旋>追身侧旋>内角侧旋,内角上旋>追身上旋>外角上旋,外角Angle>追身Angle>内角Angle。击球点高度与身高的倍数为外角(1.32)、追身(1.25)和内角(1.21),击球点由内至外逐渐向右偏移;4)随挥阶段:击球后重心位移和速度分量未出现显著性差异,膝关节角度变化均值39.7±1.8°。结论:我国高校网球二级运动员亟需储备发球隐蔽性、击球点空间位置、挥拍轨迹和击球速度分量等方面的意识体系。应当继续以运动生物力学为手段加强网球各类型发球技术动作、各环节运动特征和发球所致损伤因素等进行系统化和精细化研究。     

Effects of cold water immersion on lower extremity joint biomechanics during running

The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of cryotherapy on lower extremity running biomechanics. Twenty-six healthy male volunteers were randomised into two intervention groups: cold water (cold water at ~11°C) or tepid water (tepid water at ~26°C). They were required to run at 4.0 ± 0.2 m · s^?1 before and after they underwent water immersion for 20 min. Differences between pre- and post-intervention were used to compare the influence of water intervention during running. Peak joint angles, peak joint moments, peak ground reaction forces (GRF) and contact time (CT) were calculated using three-dimensional gait analysis. Independent t-tests were applied with a significant alpha level set at 0.05. Decreased peak propulsive and vertical GRF, decreased plantarflexion moments, increased hip flexion angle and longer CT were observed following cold water immersion. Although cold water immersion (cryotherapy) affected the running movement, none of the alterations have been related to running biomechanical patterns associated with injuries. Therefore, our results indicated that cold water immersion appears safe prior to running activities.     

Effect of cold water immersion on repeat cycling performance and thermoregulation in the heat

To assess the effect of cold water immersion and active recovery on thermoregulation and repeat cycling performance in the heat, ten well-trained male cyclists completed five trials, each separated by one week. Each trial consisted of a 30-min exercise task, one of five 15-min recoveries (intermittent cold water immersion in 10 degrees C, 15 degrees C and 20 degrees C water, continuous cold water immersion in 20 degrees C water or active recovery), followed by 40 min passive recovery, before repeating the 30-min exercise task. Recovery strategy effectiveness was assessed via changes in total work in the second exercise task compared with that in the first. Following active recovery, a mean 4.1% (s = 1.8) less total work (P = 0.00) was completed in the second than in the first exercise task. However, no significant differences in total work were observed between any of the cold water immersion protocols. Core and skin temperature, blood lactate concentration, heart rate, rating of thermal sensation, and rating of perceived exertion were recorded. During both exercise tasks there were no significant differences in blood lactate concentration between interventions; however, following active recovery blood lactate concentration was significantly lower (P < 0.05; 2.0 +/- 0.8 mmol . l(-1)) compared with all cold water immersion protocols. All cold water immersion protocols were effective in reducing thermal strain and were more effective in maintaining subsequent high-intensity cycling performance than active recovery.     

Effects of cold water immersion on the recovery of physical performance and muscle damage following a one-off soccer match

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a single session of cold or thermoneutral water immersion after a one-off match on muscular dysfunction and damage in soccer players. Twenty-male soccer players completed one match and were randomly divided into cryotherapy (10 min cold water immersion, 10°C, n = 10) and thermoneutral (10 min thermoneutral water immersion, 35°C, n = 10) groups. Muscle damage (creatine kinase, myoglobin), inflammation (C-reactive protein), neuromuscular function (jump and sprint abilities and maximal isometric quadriceps strength), and delayed-onset muscle soreness were evaluated before, within 30 min of the end, and 24 and 48 h after the match. After the match, the players in both groups showed increased plasma creatine kinase activity (30 min, 24 h, 48 h), myoglobin (30 min) and C-reactive protein (30 min, 24 h) concentrations. Peak jump ability and maximal strength were decreased and delayed-onset muscle soreness increased in both groups. However, differential alterations were observed between thermoneutral water and cold water immersion groups in creatine kinase (30 min, 24 h, 48 h), myoglobin (30 min), C-reactive protein (30 min, 24 h, 48 h), quadriceps strength (24 h), and quadriceps (24 h), calf (24 h) and adductor (30 min) delayed-onset muscle soreness. The results suggest that cold water immersion immediately after a one-off soccer match reduces muscle damage and discomfort, possibly contributing to a faster recovery of neuromuscular function.