Schlieren Visualization of Marangoni Effect in Gas-Liquid Systems

This paper is focused on the Marangoni effect in the gas-liquid mass transfer systems. A series of experiments were conducted to observe Marangoni effect by a laser Schlieren system. Experimental investigations of the occurrence of Marangoni convection were presented. The typical polygonal patterns and even the reaching of chaotic interfacial flow were observed. The visual evidences were discussed and the characteristic time and scale of Marangoni convection were obtained approximately as 0.5 s and 1 mm according to the Schlieren images. From the perspective of hydrodynamic instability, the mechanism of the Marangoni convection was investigated. Though many external factors have influence on the interfacial instability, the local surface-tension gradient is the primary reason for the Marangoni convection. The small-scale interfacial flow increases the surface renewal rate. Consequently, due to the occurrence of the Marangoni effect, the mass transfer rate can be significantly enhanced.     

浓度驱动的Rayleigh-Bénard-Marangoni对流光学研究

利用激光作光源 ,通过光学纹影仪系统 ,系统观测了不同质量传递过程中浓度驱动的Rayleigh B啨ｎａｒｄ Marangoni对流结构 .在应用不同吸收剂的基础上 ,考查了密度梯度和表面张力梯度在RBM对流中的作用 .结果表明 ,实验过程中溶剂蒸发所导致的表面冷却和溶质吸收、解吸的热效应是影响RBM对流产生的重要因素 .在实验结果的基础上 ,定性地分析了RBM效应的观测结果 ,为进一步的理论分析提供了依据     

有源液池内自然对流与冷却盘管内强制对流的耦合传热

建立了含内热源的液池内自然对流与冷却盘管内强制对流耦合传热的三维物理、数学模型,进行了相应的数值模拟计算。分别对不同内热源强度,不同冷却流体流量下液池内流体温度场以及液池与盘管内溶液换热系数进行了分析,得出换热系数随内热源强度和冷却流体流量的变化曲线,并与实验值进行了比较。结果表明盘管冷却传热模型能够较好的反映液池内的换热。     

Kinetics of esterification of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid with methanol catalyzed by cation exchange resin

The kinetics of esterification of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid with methanol in the liquid phase catalyzed by cation exchange resin, D001, was studied. The experiments were carried out in a stirred batch reactor at 318, 323, 328, 333, 338, 341 K under atmospheric pressure, It is found that the speed of rotating rate has no effect on the esterification rate in the range of 300-500 r/min and the effect of internal mass transfer resistance is not obvious. The effects of temperature and catalyst loading on the reaction rate were researched under the condition of eliminating the effect of diffusion. The rate was found to increase with the increase of the temperature and catalyst loading. The experimental data were correlated with a kinetic model based on the pseudo- homogeneous catalysis, The kinetic equation for describing the reaction catalyzed by cation exchange resin was developed, The experimental data are in good agreement with the model     

Experimental Study on Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of Micro-Sized Tube Heat Exchanger简

A micro-sized tube heat exchanger(MTHE) was fabricated, and its performance in heat transfer and pressure drop was experimentally studied. The single-phase forced convection heat transfer correlation on the sides of the MTHE tubes was proposed and compared with previous experimental data in the Reynolds number range of 500—1 800. The average deviation of the correlation in calculating the Nusselt number was about 6.59%. The entrance effect in the thermal entrance region was discussed. In the same range of Reynolds number, the pressure drop and friction coefficient were found to be considerably higher than those predicted by the conventional correlations. The product of friction factor and Reynolds number was also a constant, but much higher than the conventional.     

Modeling of mass transfer characteristics of bubble column reactor with surfactant present

Danckwert's method was used to determine the specific interfacial area, a, and the individual mass transfer coefficient, kL, during absorption of CO2 in a bubble column with an anionic surfactant in the carbonate-bicarbonate buffer solution and NaAsO2 as catalyst, the presence of which decreases the specific interfacial area and the individual mass transfer coefficient. The specific interfacial area and the individual mass transfer coefficient increase with increasing superficial gas velocity. The specific interfacial area decreases whereas the individual mass transfer coefficient increases with increasing temperature. The results of experiments were used to determine the dependence of a, kL, and kLa on the surface tension, the temperature of the absorption phase, and the superficial velocity of the gas. The calculated results from the correlation were found to be within 10% deviation from the actual experimental results.     

CzSi晶体生长传热特性的数值研究

在提拉法晶体生长中,坩埚内的熔体受到多种驱动力的作用,主要包括:由熔体内部温差驱动的浮力、自由表面温度梯度导致的热毛细力、坩埚和晶体旋转产生的离心力和科里奥力,因而坩埚内的熔体流动表现出复杂的非线性流动状态.通过数值计算,模拟熔体内的对流流动、温度分布及晶体生长界面的形态,研究了晶体生长过程中,热质传输从对称到非对称的演化以及对流对固液面表面造成的影响.     

Investigation of oil-air two-phase mass flow rate measurement using Venturi and void fraction sensor

INTRODUCTION Accurate measurement of multiphase fluids flow rates in the petroleum industry is of great importance. The most reliable measurement technique for multi-phase flow is separating the mixture and using con-ventional devices for measuring single-phase flow. However, in many cases the separation is not practical from both technical and economical points of view. An alternative solution is the multiphase flow me-tering system, usually consisting of a combination of devices for ph…     

Numerical Modelling of Performance of R22 and R290 in Adiabatic Capillary Tubes Considering Metastable Two-Phase Region--Theoretical Model Description and Validation

A homogeneous theoretical model is developed to predict the performance of R22 and R290 in adiabatic capillary tubes. The model is based on conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy. Metastable both liquid and two-phase flow regions are considered in the model. In metastable two-phase region, superheated liquid is introduced into the metastable mixture viscosity and two methods are presented to evaluate it. The model is validated by comparing the predicted pressure and temperature profile and mass flow rate with several investigators′ experimental data of R22 and one of its alternatives R290 reported in literature. All of the predicted mass flow rates are within ±8% of measured values. Comparisons are also made between the present model and other investigators′ models or sizing correlation. The model can be used for design or simulation calculation of adiabatic capillary tubes.     

Theoretical analysis of effect of solid phase on cavitation performance of deep-sea mining pump

In view of the present situation of low cavitation performance of deep-sea mining slurry pump, the effect of solid phase on the cavitation performance of deep-sea mining pump is analyzed theoretically. The relationship between gas and liquid phases are established by cavitation nucleon theory and mass energy equation as well as solid phase and liquid phase, and then we explored the relationship between gas phase and solid phase. The results show that the critical bubble radius and solid-phase concentration flow rate during the cavitation can be related to the liquid pressure. Eq. (19) show that the larger the solid particle concentration and the solid phase flow, the earlier the cavitation will occur, and pump anti-cavitation performance will decline.     

Heat transfer and parametric studies of an encapsulated phase change material based cool thermal energy storage system

INTRODUCTION Cool thermal energy storage (CTES) using the latent heat concept as an alternative to sensible heat storage offers a good option because of its high storage density and the nearly constant temperature heat removal characteristics during the discharging cycle. Since the principle of latent cool storage nec- essarily involves a change of state, heat transfer must occur in different modes depending on the state of charging and discharging. During the periods of low cooling dema…     

油气在竖直管内湍流流动时冷凝的数值模拟

为了探索油气在冷凝回收过程中的冷凝规律,采用气液两相流模型描述了油气在竖直管内湍流流动时的冷凝过程.采用有效传质系数描述了油气组分的质量传递.模拟了油气在管内冷凝时的温度、管内压力、液膜厚度和Nusselt数的变化,得到了入口油气和管壁的温差、雷诺数对冷凝率和Nusselt数的影响.结果显示：增大入口雷诺数能显著增强传热和冷凝,但是增大入口油气和管壁的温差对冷凝率的影响较小;另外,还发现传质阻力对油气冷凝率有较大影响.此模型的计算结果与先前的实验数据能够很好地符合.     

高效液相色谱法测定武夷橙中的有机酸

利用反相高效液相色谱法研究了武夷橙中7种有机酸的分离测定条件。采用C18为分析柱,以2.5%磷酸二氢铵缓冲溶液（PH=2.5）为流动相,流速为1mL/min,紫外检测波长在210nm处可以很好的分离测定有机酸。结果表明峰面积与相应的质量浓度有良好的线性关系,其r大于等于0.9990,平均回收率为98%～110%,该方法具有测定结果准确可靠,重现好等特点。     

Optimization study of a PEM fuel cell performance using 3D multi-phase computational fluid dynamics model

INTRODUCTION Water management is one of the critical opera-tion issues in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuelcells. Spatially varying concentrations of water inboth vapour and liquid form are expected throughoutthe cell because of varying rates of production andtransport (Sui and Djilali, 2005). Devising betterwater management is therefore a key issue in PEMFCdesign, and this requires improved understanding ofthe parameters affecting water transport in the mem-brane. Proper thermal m…     

封闭方腔自然对流传热的场协同分析

文章采用有限元方法数值研究了封闭方腔自然对流传热问题,并基于场协同理论分析了速度场与温度梯度场的协同关系,进一步深层次分析了协同角场同速度场、温度场、温度梯度场之间的协同关系,展示了不同瑞利数下方腔自然对流速度场和温度梯度的协同效果,着重探讨了各物理场对封闭方腔协同角的影响规律,同时表明以协同角为评价指标,可有助于改善局部的传热效果,从而深层次理解强化自然对流传热的机理,为实际工程的传热强化提供了理论依据。     

Pressure Drop of Liquid–Solid Two-Phase Flow in the Vertical Tube Bundle of a Cold-Model Circulating Fluidized Bed Evaporator

A cold-model vertical multi-tube circulating fluidized bed evaporator was designed and built to conduct a visualization study on the pressure drop of a liquid-solid two-phase flow and the corresponding particle distribution.Water and polyformaldehyde particle (POM) were used as the liquid and solid phases,respectively.The effects of operating parameters such as the amount of added particles,circulating flow rate,and particle size were systematically investigated.The results showed that the addition of the particles increased the pressure drop in the vertical tube bundle.The maximum pressure drop ratios were18.65%,21.15%,18.00%,and 21.15%within the experimental range of the amount of added particles for POM1,POM2,POM3,and POM4,respectively.The pressure drop ratio basically decreased with the increase in the circulating flow rate but fluctuated with the increase in the amount of added particles and particle size.The difference in pressure drop ratio decreased with the increase in the circulating flow rate.As the amount of added particles increased,the difference in pressure drop ratio fluctuated at low circulating flow rate but basically decreased at high circulating flow rate.The pressure drop in the vertical tube bundle accounted for about 70%of the overall pressure drop in the up-flow heating chamber and was the main component of the overall pressure within the experimental range.Three-dimensional phase diagrams were established to display the variation ranges of the pressure drop and pressure drop ratio in the vertical tube bundle corresponding to the operating parameters.The research results can provide some reference for the application of the fluidized bed heat transfer technology in the industry.     

水蒸气蒸馏提取植物精油的传质研究

建立水蒸气蒸馏分离植物挥发油传质过程数学模型．对常规蒸馏器进行改进，加入搅拌装置强化了传质．通过３种植物蒸馏的实验数据，求取了总传质系数值并验证了数学模型，并讨论了搅拌转速对传质系数的影响．     

液氮冻结竖直向与水平向温度场特性

分析液氮冻结的现场实施情况,结合工程背景资料建立数值分析模型,通过计算分析并与现场实测成果验证,系统研究液氮冻结过程中竖直方向与水平方向温度场分布特征及其变化规律。结果表明：液氮冻结通过沸腾吸热与对流换热方式达到降温冻结的效果,相较于盐水循环冻结方式,液氮冻结效率高,周期短;但其冻结温度场分布不均匀,在竖直方向上存在较大温差,温度最低区域分布在液氮沸腾区范围,而水平方向上分布较为均匀;温度场中低温区域并不在两排冻结管之间均匀发展,冻结区域向连续墙方向发展的速度比土体方向发展速度快。基于研究成果,提出了液氮冻结加固设计、施工的优化建议,为今后液氮冻结工程提供理论依据与技术参考。     

采用Gd2O2S回热填料的带预冷4K斯特林型高频脉管制冷机性能研究

研究目的：研究新型磁性回热填料Gd2O2S对液氦温区高频脉管制冷机多级回热器损失特性的影响。 创新要点：确定了不同回热填料以及运行参数（频率、平均压力）下液氦温区多级脉管制冷机的制冷温度和各级预冷量,进一步明确了4K高频回热损失机理。 研究方法：采用理论研究与实验验证相结合的方法,基于一台两级G-M型低频脉管制冷机预冷的单极斯特林型高频脉管制冷机,研究多级回热器在高频以及4K温区下的损失特性。选取新型回热填料Gd2O2S替代部分回热填料HoCu2,比较回热器采用两种填料时在不吲运行频率及平均压力下的冷端制冷温度（图10）、各级预冷量和预冷温度（图1112）。 重要结论：采用孔隙率较小的新型磁性回热填料Gd2O2S可显著改善第一级回热器内压力波与质量流的相位关系,从而减小该级回热损失。减小平均压力可以降低制冷机无负荷制冷温度并减小第二级预冷量,但制冷工质氦的体积比热容会急剧增大,从而使低温级回热器的换热对频率非常敏感。此外,频率对高温级回热器的回热特性影响不明显。该方法可以为三级斯特林型4K多级脉管制冷机提供设计依据。