Access versus Ownership

SUMMARY

This paper discusses changes in the ownership models of intellectual property and how they are shifting the way libraries provide information. The author argues that the main change in intellectual property is the way that owners distribute information, not in the sense of new media, but in the sense of new legal constructs governing distribution. The article discusses the impact on libraries of a move toward viewing information as a service that must be licensed, not bought. The potential effects of protecting intellectual property with contract law instead of copyright and property law are detailed.     

Digital versus Print

Summary

This article examines the current state of digital versus print reference collections in school libraries. Issues addressed include an overview of adoption practices, acceptance and use of digital materials, and implications for the future. The article compares findings from multiple sources to provide an in-depfh examination and understanding of the qualities and characteristics that school libraries share. The sources include current literature, research findings, and the observations and experiences of an information specialist in the role of participate observer. Survey and analysis of this data will provide a triangulation of information that will form the basis of the Study.     

Intellectual-run-newspapers versus Statesman-run-newspapers

The purpose of this paper is to explicate two competing journalistic paradigms in China in the pre-reform era. The time frame is from the establishment of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949 to the launching of the reform and open policy in 1978. A common view is that during that period the Chinese government, under the leadership of Chairman Mao, adopted the Soviet press model, in which media were tightly controlled by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), and journalism was overwhelmingly dominated by the principles of a party press. In this paper, however, I argue that two journalistic paradigms operated simultaneously during that period: while the CCP and the government tried to impose the principle of statesman-run-newspapers, some journalists tried to maintain a tradition of intellectual-run-newspapers. The differences between the two paradigms regarding the role of the media, journalistic identity, levels of autonomy, narrative style, historical origin and others are discussed. The paper concludes that although intellectual-run-newspapers faced severe crackdowns, the inspirational force of the paradigm never became extinct. More importantly, it has been a continued influence on critical-minded journalists in China today.     

Librarian versus Faculty Selection

No abstract available for this article.     

Talaeus versus farnaby on style

From the time phoneticians and linguists first became interested in tongue‐palate contacts in the study of the production of speech sounds, palatography, in one form or another, has been employed. From crude beginnings, wherein the palate or tongue was coated with various mixtures, usually quite unsavory, so that the tongue‐palate wipe‐off areas might be observed after the sound was articulated and the results recorded on stone, on plaster models, or outline drawings of the palate, through many versions of the pseudo‐palate, X‐ray photographs, planimeter measurements, the linking of kymography and palatography, to a simple recording device of mirrors and a reflex camera combined once more with the method of coating the palate itself, palatography has been employed from the late 1870's to the present day. It is likely that as long as linguists and phoneticians are interested in sounds and their production, palatography, in some form, will continue to be employed. Through its use it has been determined that identical sounds can be made by contacts over a large range on the palate, that the stutterer's speech has more variation than the speech of the non‐stutterer, that the same person frequently makes the same sound in various ways, that the size and depth of the palate alter the articulation of sounds, that there is greater accord between the consonant and the following vowel than between the consonant and the preceding vowel, and that palatograms change with the rate of articulation.

The discoveries that may yet be made give this particular phase of phonetics an intriguing future.     

Prime time versus nonprime time on MEDLINE

The number of users on the MEDLARS system varied more during nonprime time than on prime time; there were times of higher than average use and times of much lower use. This variation in the number of users influenced search time. The study found a variation of as much as 19% from the mean search time for times of high use versus times of low use. Added-time formulas showed the additional time allowed for a search on nonprime time before costs would equal those for the same search on prime time. (For example, a search with four citations that took five minutes on prime time could take up to eight minutes and thirty seconds on nonprime time before costs would be equal.) In all examples, nonprime time searching was the most cost-effective alternative.     

Disposition versus situation: Neurocommunlcology and the influence of trait apprehension versus situational factors on state public speaking anxiety

Research indicates that individuals with elevated levels of public speaking anxiety report significantly different mental representations of the public speaking context, when compared to individuals with lower levels of anxiety. To examine the effect of the differences in mental representations, narratives for three public speaking contexts were developed. Results indicated that disposition (i.e., trait apprehension) was a better predictor of state anxiety when giving an impromptu speech. Situational factors (i.e., importance, skills, impression), however, were better predictors of state anxiety when either giving a speech to a 5^th grade class or giving a speech to friends.     

Clinical Medical Librarian Licensure: Pros versus Cons

In hospitals and clinics, anyone who “touches” a patient has a license authorizing them to do so—from the phlebotomist to the cardiologist, from the genetic counselor to the social worker, and so on, except for the clinical medical librarian. This column discusses the intent versus the realities of occupational licensure for clinical medical librarians and provides recommendations for next steps.