A genealogical analysis of Peter Arnold's conceptual account of meaning in movement,sport and physical education

We write as critical theorists who share an interest in how conceptions of physical education are taken forward in policy and practice. In this respect, we are particularly intrigued by Peter Arnold's conceptual account of meaning in movement, sport and physical education, and the subsequent ways in which his ideas have informed national curriculum ambitions. Despite the prominence of Arnold's influence, we are concerned that there has been an insufficiently rigorous and robust review of his theorising to date, particularly in relation to where his ideas originated from. Accordingly, we critically discuss the merits of adopting a genealogical approach in order to support a detailed analysis of Arnold's conceptual account of meaning in movement, sport and physical education; one which especially focuses on learning ‘about’, ‘through’ and ‘in’ movement. We conclude by questioning a number of the complex strands of Arnold's work in the expectation that greater lucidity and purpose can emerge. This it is argued will be beneficial in terms of providing clarity on aim or aims statements in physical education, which in turn can secure greater policy coherence and practice gains.     

The Silent Game: A Critical Reading of the History of Netball in Australia

Abstract

Netball is commonly cited as being the national game for females in Australia. Yet the game’s popularity is not reflected in the field of sport history in the breadth or depth of analysis compared to other sports. There are only two major published academic articles pertaining to the origins and development of netball in Australia. In this paper, these articles are critically analyzed. The analysis reveals gaps, limitations, and inconsistencies in the history of netball in Australia. Despite what is said to be known about the history and historical significance of netball in Australia, many important questions remain.     

‘Race’ talk! Tensions and contradictions in sport and PE

Background: The universal sport discourses of meritocracy and equality are so engrained that few challenge them. The most cursory interest in sport, Physical Education (PE), and society will reveal that the lived reality is quite different. Racial disparities in the leadership and administration of sport are commonplace worldwide; yet, from research into ‘race’ in sport and PE, awareness of these issues is widespread, where many know that racism takes place it is generally claimed to be somewhere else or someone else. For many, this racism is part of the game and something to manipulate to steal an advantage; for others, it is trivial. This paper explores the contradictions and tensions of the author’s experience of how sport and PE students talk about ‘race’ and racism. ‘Race’ talk is considered here in the context of passive everyday ‘race’ talk, dominant discourses in sporting cultures, and colour blindness.

Theoretical framework: Drawing on Guinier and Torres’ [2003. The Miner's Canary: Enlisting Race, Resisting Power, Transforming Democracy. London: Harvard University Press] ideas of resistance through political race consciousness and Bonilla-Silva’s [2010. Racism Without Racists: Colour-Blind Racism and the Persistence of Racial Inequality in the United States. Plymouth: Rowan and Littlefield] notion of colour blindness, the semantics of ‘race’ and racialisation in sport and PE are interrogated through the prism of critical race theory (CRT). CRT is used here to centre ‘race’ and racialised relations where disciplines have consciously or otherwise excluded them. Importantly, the centring of ‘race’ by critical race scholars has advanced a strategic and pragmatic engagement with this slippery concept that recognises its paradoxical but symbolic location in society.

Discussion: Before exploring ‘race’ talk in the classroom, using images from the sport media as a pedagogical tool, the paper considers how ‘race’ is recreated and renewed. The paper then turns to explore how the effortless turn to everyday ‘race’ talk in the classroom can be viewed as an opportunity to disrupt racialised assumptions with the potential to implicate those that passively do so. Further, the diagnostic, aspirational, and activist goals of political race consciousness are established as vehicles for a positive sociological experience in the classroom.

Conclusion: The work concludes with a consideration of the uses and dangers of passive ‘race’ talk and the value of a political race consciousness in sport and PE. Part of the explanation for the perpetuation of ‘race’ talk and the relative lack of concern with its impact on education and wider society is focused on how the sovereignty of sport and PE trumps wider social concerns of ‘race’ and racism because of at least four factors: (1) the liberal left discourses of sporting utopianism, (2) the ‘race’ logic that pervades sport, based upon the perceived equal access and fairness of sport as it coalesces with the (3) ‘incontrovertible facts’ of black and white superiority (and inferiority) in certain sports, ergo the racial justifications for patterns of activity in sport and PE, and (4) the racist logic of the Right perpetuated through a biological reductionism in sport and PE discourses.     

体育与博弈论的关系

从博弈现象、简史、概念、词义等方面出发,扼要地分析了博弈与体育的关系,阐述了体育博弈的研究方向与前景。     

对现代篮球运动的技战术探讨

随着当前篮球运动的发展变化，总结其过去技战术以及认识上的一些缺陷，对新的技战术理论进行了初步的探讨。     

我国体育用品结构趋同现象的博弈分析及战略选择

运用博弈论的相关原理分析我国体育产业中体育用品结构趋同的现象,认为引起体育用品结构趋同的现象的根源是地方的利益驱动、产业间信息不沟通和技术不合作,其后果是将会影响规模经济和集聚效益,导致区域间的过度竞争,影响体育用品品牌的形成,削弱了体育用品的国际竞争力。提出了避免体育用品结构趋同现象的战略措施,供有关部门参考。     

北京奥运旅游市场博弈与营销策略

通过对奥运旅游城市或区域之间、政府与奥运旅游企业、奥运旅游企业之间、奥运旅游经营者与消费者等四个方面对北京奥运旅游市场进行了博弈分析.提出了整合资源,塑造奥运旅游品牌形象;建立战略联盟,开拓国际市场;策划多种节庆活动和开展绿色营销等营销建议.     

The Life and Achievements of Eugeniusz Piasecki: A Renowned Polish Co-founder of Physical Culture Sciences

Abstract

Professor Eugeniusz Piasecki’s multiple contributions to the development of physical education as well as his activities in various educational, scientific, and social organizations place him among the elite physical education theorists in Poland and abroad. Until 1918, Piasecki was active in the cities of Kraków, Lvov, Kiev, and Zakopane, and in the years 1919–1939 and 1945–1947, he became firmly associated with the city of Poznań. Eugeniusz Piasecki was persistent in implementing his reformist ideas, especially in the field of training of physical culture professionals. Piasecki’s activities brought about significant advances in the theory and practice of physical education – called later physical culture sciences. Despite hardships and obstacles in his school and academic path, Eugeniusz Piasecki displayed a unique talent for propitiating medical and pedagogical professionals and for contributing to the development of the Scout Movement, school sports clubs, therapeutic gymnastics, university departments, and the League of Nations. The aim of the paper is to discuss and evaluate the original achievements of Eugeniusz Piasecki – a Polish scholar, physician, polymath, role model, and a co-founder of physical culture sciences, who made invaluable contributions to the training of PE teachers and instructors and the development of school and extra-school sport movement.     

Imploding the boundaries of transformative/critical pedagogy and research in physical education and sport pedagogy: looking inward for (self-)consciousness/knowledge and transformation

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the concept of ‘transformative pedagogy’ (TP) in physical education and sport pedagogy (PESP) and research in order to provide an alternative perspective on freedom, justice and the limits of transformation. Although some of the limits of TP have already been pointed out in the literature, such limits have been presented as though originating and having to be resolved out there, in socio-cultural–political contexts. In an attempt to redirect the attention from the social to the personal, this paper points out the possibility of TP's limits being also within critical pedagogues and researchers ourselves. After analyzing three barriers to (self-)consciousness/knowledge (SC/K), two viable methods for developing SC/K and transformation are provided.     

The Dynamics of Quadropoly: League Position in English Football between 1888 and 2010

This paper explores competitive balance in top-tier English league football from its inception in 1888. It examines the extent to which finishing in the top four positions in successive seasons is the preserve of a small number of clubs. Using a range of statistical measures, the analysis shows that the current high levels of competitive imbalance are not new phenomena. The overall pattern approximates a ‘U curve’: current patterns parallel those in the 1890s. In the early years of English league football, differences in resources between clubs soon became apparent. Clubs from the larger conurbations generated consistently larger revenues than their counterparts in the smaller industrial towns. The introduction of the maximum wage in 1901 and the transfer system helped to stem these increasing inequalities between clubs. This coincided with a massive wave of new stadia construction which enabled all the clubs to compete on an increasingly level playing field. These conjunctural changes to English football before 1915 produced the era of relatively competitive football during the inter-war years. This continued until the abolition of the maximum wage in 1961. Since that time, competitive balance has reversed and become increasingly restricted. English top-tier football has re-entered an era of extreme competitive imbalance.     

当代体育史理论与方法创新的思考

中国体育史学的研究开始于上个世纪初,迄今已经历了近一个世纪,其中体育史学理论的创新主要经历了传统史学模式和政治革命一体化,向现代性和新史学的转变。特别是近10年出版的体育著作,更是在理论与方法上有新的突破,出现了文体史、断代史、地区史和专史,在重史料、重史实、重考据的基础上,加强了文论和注意与社会生活的紧密结合,有鲜明的个性特点。在回顾中国体育史学形成与发展历程的同时,对我国体育史学理论与方法创新存在的问题也进行了深入分析,并提出解决问题的建议。     

中长跑训练方法与理论发展沿革述评

运用文献资料等方法,归纳分析世界中长跑的发展史中6种典型的训练方法,并对近20年来中长跑训练理论的创新成果进行总结论述,包括：＂速度核心理念＂,＂速度节奏化理念＂、＂以长补短＂、＂高原训练与平原训练相结合＂等。试图通过对中长跑训练方法与训练理论变化而出现的新成果、新特点进行简要分析,揭示出中长跑运动训练方法与训练理论创新成果在促进中长跑运动成绩提高方面的重要作用。     

公共体育服务供给侧政府与社会力量互动关系的研究——基于博弈论的视角

在供给侧结构性改革大背景之下,转变政府的职能和培育社会力量的发展是该阶段重要任务之一,文章基于博弈论的视角,对政府与社会力量之间的博弈情况进行了分析,认为政府与社会力量互动合作供给才能够使总的社会效益最大化,并通过上海翔立方综合体项目这一典型案例,证明政府与社会力量互动合作供给是切实可行的。在理论分析与实证案例之上,提出促进政府与社会力量互动合作供给的措施。     

中国足协与中超俱乐部投资人的博弈分析

中国足协与中超俱乐部投资人在一定的条件下构成了一种博弈关系,研究二者的博弈均衡有助于得出最优的策略。